Incorporación de la responsabilidad social empresarial para la empresa comunitaria de acueducto, alcantarillado y aseo de Saravena – ECAAAS E.S.P.

La Organización - ECAAAS E.S.P es una empresa dedicada a la recolección de residuos, tratamiento de aguas servidas, captación, distribución y depuración de agua, surge con el fin satisfacer las necesidades económicas, sociales y productivas del Municipio de Saravena, Arauca como también nace de la necesidad de ayudar a los habitantes de esta localidad, así mismo se carece de mano de obra ya que los jóvenes no cuentan con la ayuda necesaria para ingresar a un sistema educativo o de adquirir conocimientos y habilidades. El Público objetivo: Este producto estará enfocado inicialmente a la localidad de la jurisdicción de Saravena Arauca, así como a sus pobladores cercanos, se prevé que sus principales clientes sean en una edad promedio de 18 a 50 años. La Ventaja competitiva que tiene la empresa ECAAAS ESP basa su actividad económica en ofrecer servicios de calidad y, como empresa local, sirve de ejemplo para otras empresas, fomenta el empleo y se ha convertido en el modelo de desarrollo de la jurisdicción frente a la competencia es que los servicios que se ofrecen son de excelente calidad donde no afecta al medio ambiente.The - ECAAAS E.S.P is an organization dedicated to the collection, distribution, purification of water, treatment of sewage and collection of cleaning, it arises in order to satisfy the economic, social and productive needs of the Municipality of Saravena, Arauca, as well as born from the need to help the inhabitants of this town, likewise there is a lack of labor since young people do not have the necessary help to enter an educational system or to acquire knowledge and skills. Target Audience: This product will initially be focused on the population of the municipality of Saravena Arauca, as well as its nearby residents. It is expected that its main customers will be between 18 and 50 years of age on average. The competitive advantage of the company ECAAAS ESP bases its economic activities on providing a quality service and as a community company it sets an example for other companies, it promotes employment and has become the development model of the municipality in the face of competition. the services offered are of excellent quality where it does not affect the environment

Impact of nine common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms in Asian Indian Sikhs: PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), IGF2BP2, TCF7L2 and FTO variants confer a significant risk

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified several unsuspected genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with previously unknown functions. In this investigation, we have examined the role of 9 most significant SNPs reported in GWA studies: [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (<it>PPARG2</it>; rs 1801282); insulin-like growth factor two binding protein 2 (<it>IGF2BP2</it>; rs 4402960); cyclin-dependent kinase 5, a regulatory subunit-associated protein1-like 1 (<it>CDK5</it>; rs7754840); a zinc transporter and member of solute carrier family 30 (<it>SLC30A8</it>; rs13266634); a variant found near cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (<it>CDKN2A</it>; rs10811661); hematopoietically expressed homeobox (<it>HHEX</it>; rs 1111875); transcription factor-7-like 2 (<it>TCF7L2</it>; rs 10885409); potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11(<it>KCNJ11</it>; rs 5219); and fat mass obesity-associated gene (<it>FTO</it>; rs 9939609)].</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped these SNPs in a case-control sample of 918 individuals consisting of 532 T2D cases and 386 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects of an Asian Sikh community from North India. We tested the association between T2D and each SNP using unconditional logistic regression before and after adjusting for age, gender, and other covariates. We also examined the impact of these variants on body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, and glucose and lipid levels using multiple linear regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Four of the nine SNPs revealed a significant association with T2D; <it>PPARG2 </it>(Pro12Ala) [odds ratio (OR) 0.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.03–0.52); p = 0.005], <it>IGF2BP2 </it>[OR 1.37; 95% CI (1.04–1.82); p = 0.027], <it>TCF7L2 </it>[OR 1.64; 95% CI (1.20–2.24); p = 0.001] and <it>FTO </it>[OR 1.46; 95% CI (1.11–1.93); p = 0.007] after adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant association of two of nine investigated loci with diabetes-related quantitative traits. The 'C' (risk) allele of <it>CDK5 </it>(rs 7754840) was significantly associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol levels in both NGT (p = 0.005) and combined (NGT and T2D) (0.005) groups. The less common 'C' (risk) allele of <it>TCF7L2 </it>(rs 10885409) was associated with increased LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.010) in NGT and total and LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.008; p = 0.003, respectively) in combined cohort.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To our knowledge, this is first study reporting the role of some recently emerged loci with T2D in a high risk population of Asian Indian origin. Further investigations are warranted to understand the pathway-based functional implications of these important loci in T2D pathophysiology in different ethnicities.</p

Determinación de hongos filamentosos asociados a cráneos de colección del Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, y evaluación in vitro de sustancias biocidas para su control

Las colecciones de historia natural sirven como un recurso importante para estudios de sistemática, ecología y evolución. En Villa de Leyva, Boyacá (Colombia) se encuentra ubicado el Instituto de Investigación Biológicas Alexander von Humboldt, poseedor de la colección de historia natural más grande de Colombia, y dentro de ella la colección de vertebrados ?Jorge Hernández Camacho? la cual presenta biodeterioro causado por crecimiento fúngico especialmente en lo que a cráneos se refiere, evidenciado por machas de color oscuro sobre el sustrato óseo. De un total de 2000 cráneos, cincuenta ejemplares fueron muestreados. Se aislaron en placas petrifilm y agar PDA y se caracterizaron hongos deterioradores, los cuales pertenecen a los géneros Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., y Aspergillus sp, del cual se identificó la especie A. flavus, con una proporción del 50%, 24% y 16%, respectivamente. Para el control de los microorganismos aislados se evaluaron dos sustancias biocidas frecuentemente utilizadas en el tratamiento y control de biodeterioro en bibliotecas, archivos y museos: fenol y timol en tres concentraciones diferentes, 0.1%, 0.25% y 0.5% durante 5, 10 y 15 minutos de contacto. La evaluación de la efectividad del fenol y timol, demuestra que la concentración 0.1% de los dos biocidas no es suficiente para inhibir el crecimiento fúngico en un 100%; la concentración 0.25% evidencia un alto porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento solo que con un tiempo de contacto mayor. Por el contrario, 0.5% es mejor para producir una inhibición total del crecimiento fúngico en los géneros aislados con un tiempo de contacto de 10 minutos, para los dos biocidas.Microbiólogo (a) IndustrialPregrad

Global disparities in availability of epinephrine auto-injectors

Background: Anaphylaxis is the most severe clinical presentation of acute systemic allergic reactions and can cause death. Given the prevalence of anaphylaxis within healthcare systems, it is a high priority public health issue. However, management of anaphylaxis – both acute and preventative – varies by region. Methods: The World Allergy Organization (WAO) Anaphylaxis Committee and the WAO Junior Members Steering Group undertook a global online survey to evaluate local practice in the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis across regions. Results: Responses were received from WAO members in 66 countries. While intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline) is first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, some countries continue to recommend alternative routes in contrast to guidelines. Epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) devices, prescribed to individuals at ongoing risk of anaphylaxis in the community setting, are only available in 60% of countries surveyed, mainly in high-income countries. Many countries in South America, Africa/Middle-East and Asian-Pacific regions do not have EAI available, or depend on individual importation. In countries where EAIs are commercially available, national policies regarding the availability of EAIs in public settings are limited to few countries (16%). There is no consensus regarding the time patients should be observed following emergency treatment of anaphylaxis. Conclusion: This survey provides a global snapshot view of the current management of anaphylaxis, and highlights key unmet needs including the global availability of epinephrine for self-injection as a key component of anaphylaxis management