Gestion Del Conocimiento En Universidades Públicas Mexicanas

Public universities in Southeast of Mexico need to increase their scientific productivity to generate competitive advantages that increase their economic value. The academic ability indicators that measure the knowledge management of these institutions are below the national average. The purpose of this research was to analyze the knowledge management in the public universities in Southeast Mexico as a tool to increase their competitiveness. Interviews and surveys were applied to managers, middle managers and teachers. It was found that in these universities the knowledge factor is not managed efficiently. This research provides information on the current state of knowledge management and a knowledge management model for these educational institutions. The model will enable the implementation of efficient knowledge management and the development of its intellectual capital

Modelaje de la distribución geográfica de cuatro especies de serpientes venenosas y su percepción social en el sureste de la Altiplanicie de Chiapas.

Current and potential distribution models were developed for four species of venomous snakes (Bothriechis aurifer, Crotalus simus, Micrurus diastema and M. elegans) inhabiting the southeastern area of the Altiplanicie de Chiapas. These species are included within risk categories in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, their precise distribution is unknown and they are of medical importance. The distribution models were obtained with MaxEnt algorithm, using records obtained from voucher specimens of national and foreign museums, searches in the internet, scientific literature and field sampling. In addition, occurence of each of species in the protected natural areas was determined. Interviews were also conducted to determine the perception and relationship of venomous snakes with human populations. Some geographical barriers, such as the Valle del Río Motagua, limits the distribution of M. elegans and B. aurifer, while the Istmo de Tehuantepec does for C. simus. Bothriechis aurifer is the most vulnerable species because of its restricted distribution and scarce occurrence in the protected natural areas. It was concluded that bites of poisonous snakes are frequent in some localities. Crotalus simus is pursued because of its traditional medicinal use. This information is important as a basis for implementing environmental education programs and management action that contribute to the conservation of the species.Se describe la distribución geográfica de cuatro especies de serpientes venenosas (Bothriechis aurifer, Crotalus simus, Micrurus diastema y M. elegans) que habitan en el área sureste de la Altiplanicie de Chiapas. Estas especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, se desconoce su distribución precisa y son de importancia médica. Los modelos de distribución se obtuvieron usando el algoritmo MaxEnt, para ello se usaron registros de museos nacionales y del extranjero, así como búsquedas en internet, en la literatura científica y muestreos en campo. También se realizaron entrevistas para determinar la percepción y la relación que tienen las serpientes venenosas con las poblaciones humanas. Además, se determinó la representatividad de cada una de las especies en las áreas naturales protegidas. Algunas barreras geográficas, como el Valle de Motagua, limitan la distribución de M. elegans y B. aurifer, mientras que el Istmo de Tehuantepec lo hace para C. simus. Se pudo determinar que B. aurifer es la especie más vulnerable, debido a su distribución restringida, y a que se encuentra poco representada en las áreas naturales protegidas. Son frecuentes las mordeduras de serpientes venenosas en algunas localidades. La víbora de cascabel (C. simus) es perseguida por el uso medicinal que le dan los pobladores. La información generada es fundamental para implementar programas de educación ambiental y acciones de manejo que contribuyan a la conservación de estas especies

Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study of Early Adaptative Response of the Vascular Wall in a Termino-Terminal Microsurgical Model of Femoral Vessels in Wistar Rat

SUMMARY: When a vein segment is grafted into arterial circulation, biomechanical forces stimulate modification of its structure. This morphological adaptive response is progressive during a medium or long term and occludes the vessel lumen, leading to a graft failure. The objective of this study was to characterize the early morphological response of the vascular wall in a terminal-terminal vascular vein graft model in Wistar rats. A segment of the femoral vein was placed in the femoral circulation. An end to end microsurgical graft anastomosis technique was implemented and standardized in twenty rats. The samples were processed with histological technique to analyze the overall structure with hematoxylin and eosin, the composition of the vessel wall with Masson trichrome technique, the proliferating and smooth muscle cells were detected with immunohistochemistry (anti-PCNA, anti-actin and anti CD68) and the induction of apoptosis with TUNEL technique. The times periods studied were 1, 3 and 5 days postoperative. There is progressive increase of cell proliferation and intensity of the density detected by PCNA with its peak at postoperative day 3. Apoptosis was not evident in any of the postoperative days. Smooth muscle had no significant change in any of the time periods studied. Macrophage and leukocyte migration was evident since the first postoperative day with infiltration into the media by the 5th day. This study characterizes the morphological aspects in the early arterialization of the vascular wall in a vein graft process. These results contribute to a better understanding of the morphopathological mechanism involved in vein graft failure. KEY WORDS: Hyperplasia; Morphology; Microsurgical model; Vascular adaptive changes; Venous graft

Distribución geográfica de Scincella incerta (Squamata: Scincidae) en el estado de Chiapas, México

New records of Sincella incerta in Chiapas State are presented and its presence confirmed in the central region of the State. One of the records from the southeastern coastal foothills fills a gap in the distribution of the species between previous records from Chiapas and Guatemala.Se presentan nuevos registros de Sincella incerta en el estado de Chiapas y se confirma su presencia en la región central del estado. Uno de los registros de las estribaciones costeras del sureste llena un espacio en la distribución de la especie entre registros anteriores de Chiapas y Guatemala

Morphology and ecology of the Mexican cave anole Anolis alvarezdeltoroi

We redescribe the ecologically unusual lizard Anolis alvarezdeltoroi, previously known from a single specimen, based on newly collected and previously unidentified preserved specimens from the type-locality region in Chiapas, as well as new localities in Veracruz and Oaxaca. We include information on color, morphological variation, and natural history. Anolis alvarezdeltoroi occupies limestone caves, an unusual habitat for anoles. We found individuals active on limestone surfaces during the day at heights from 0.42 to 5 m, and sleeping mainly in cave interiors, with some individuals observed on ceilings deep within caves.NSF grant DEB 0844624 to Steven Poe as well as DGAPA, UNAM (PAPIIT no. 224009) and CONACYT (no. 154093), both to Adrián Nieto Montes de Oca.Geological Science

Dibenzo[1,2,5]thiadiazepines are non-competitive GABAA receptor antagonists

"A new process for obtaining dibenzo[c,f][1,2,5]thiadiazepines (DBTDs) and their effects on GABAA receptors of guinea pig myenteric neurons are described. Synthesis of DBTD derivatives began with two commercial aromatic compounds. An azide group was obtained after two sequential reactions, and the central ring was closed via a nitrene to obtain the tricyclic sulfonamides (DBTDs). Whole-cell recordings showed that DBTDs application did not affect the holding current but inhibited the currents induced by GABA (IGABA), which are mediated by GABAA receptors. These DBTDs effects reached their maximum 3 min after application and were: (i) reversible, (ii) concentration-dependent (with a rank order of potency of 2c = 2d > 2b), (iii) mediated by a non-competitive antagonism, and (iv) only observed when applied extracellularly. Picrotoxin (which binds in the channel mouth) and DBTDs effects were not modified when both substances were simultaneous applied. Our results indicate that DBTD acted on the extracellular domain of GABAA channels but independent of the picrotoxin, benzodiazepine, and GABA binding sites. DBTDs used here could be the initial model for synthesizing new GABAA receptor inhibitors with a potential to be used as antidotes for positive modulators of these receptors or to induce experimental epilepsy.

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe