Near barrier scattering of 8He on 208Pb

The exotic nucleus 8He is investigated by means of the measurement of the angular distributions of the elastic channel and the 6He and 4He fragment yields produced in the collision with a 208Pb target at two energies around the Coulomb barrier, 16 and 22 MeV. The experiment was performed at the GANIL-SPIRAL facility, with the aim of extracting information about the structure of 8He and the relevant reaction mechanisms. In this contribution, details of the experimental setup and preliminary data on elastic cross sections are reporte

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Com o diabo no corpo: os terríveis papagaios do Brasil colônia

Desde a Antiguidade, papagaios, periquitos e afins (Psittacidae) fascinaram os europeus por seu vivo colorido e uma notável capacidade de interação com seres humanos. A descoberta do Novo Mundo nada faria além de acrescentar novos elementos ao tráfico de animais exóticos há muito estabelecido pelos europeus com a África e o Oriente. Sem possuir grandes mamíferos, a América tropical participaria desse comércio com o que tinha de mais atrativo, essencialmente felinos, primatas e aves - em particular os papagaios, os quais eram embarcados em bom número. Contudo, a julgar pelos documentos do Brasil colônia, esses voláteis podiam inspirar muito pouca simpatia, pois nenhum outro animal - exceto as formigas - foi tantas vezes mencionado como praga para a agricultura. Além disso, alguns psitácidas mostravam-se tão loquazes que inspiravam a séria desconfiança de serem animais demoníacos ou possessos, pois só três classes de entidades - anjos, homens e demônios - possuíam o dom da palavra. Nos dias de hoje, vários representantes dos Psittacidae ainda constituem uma ameaça para a agricultura, enquanto os indivíduos muito faladores continuam despertando a suspeita de estarem possuídos pelo demônio. Transcendendo a mera curiosidade, essa crença exemplifica o quão intrincadas podem ser as relações do homem com o chamado “mundo natural”, revelando um universo mais amplo e multifacetado do que se poderia supor a princípio. Nesse sentido, a existência de aves capazes de falar torna essa relação ainda mais complexa e evidencia que as dificuldades de estabelecer o limite entre o animal e o humano se estendem além dos primatas e envolvem as mais inusitadas espécies zoológicas.Since ancient times, parrots and their allies (Psittacidae) have fascinated Europeans by their striking colors and notable ability to interact with human beings. The discovery of the New World added new species to the international exotic animal trade, which for many centuries had brought beasts to Europe from Africa and the Orient. Lacking large mammals, tropical America participated in this trade with its most appealing species, essentially felines, primates and birds - especially parrots - which were shipped in large numbers. It should be noted, however, that at times these birds were not well liked. In fact, according to documents from colonial Brazil, only the ants rank higher than parrots as the animals most often mentioned as agricultural pests. On the other hand, some of these birds were so chatty that people suspected them to be demonic or possessed animals, since only three classes of beings - angels, men and demons - have the ability to speak. Nowadays, several Psittacidae still constitute a threat to agriculture, and the suspicion that extremely talkative birds were demon possessed has also survived. More than a joke or a mere curiosity, this belief exemplifies how intricate man’s relationships with the “natural world” may be. In this sense, the existence of birds that are able to speak adds a further twist to these relationships, demonstrating that the problem of establishing a boundary between the animal and the human does not only involve primates, but also includes some unusual zoological species

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity . Here we use 2,009\ua0population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112\ua0million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean\ua0BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in\ua0some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities\ua0in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories

Solar Irradiation Evaluation through GIS Analysis Based on Grid Resolution and a Mathematical Model: A Case Study in Northeast Mexico

The estimation of the solar resource on certain surfaces of the planet is a key factor in deciding where to establish solar energy collection systems. This research uses a mathematical model based on easy-access geographic and meteorological information to calculate total solar radiation at ground surface. This information is used to create a GIS analysis of the State of Nuevo León in Mexico and identify solar energy opportunities in the territory. The analyzed area was divided into a grid and the coordinates of each corner are used to feed the mathematical model. The obtained results were validated with statistical analyses and satellite-based estimations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The applied approach and the results may be replicated to estimate solar radiation in other regions of the planet without requiring readings from on-site meteorological stations and therefore reducing the cost of decision-making regarding where to place the solar energy collection equipment

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 39 Número 7-12

Suelos.-- Mineralogía de las fracciones finas de suelos desarrolladas sobre serpentinas en la Sierra de Carratraca (Málaga), por A. García y M. Delgado.-- Influencia de la vegetación y topografía en la evolución de los suelos, por A. Hoyos de Castro, C. Cuchi Ruiz, J. Hernando y Mª L. Palomar Garcia-Villamil.-- Influencia de la vegetación y topografía en la evolución de los suelos. II. Génesis de arcillas, por A. Hoyos de Castro, C. Cuchi Ruiz, J. Hernando Costa y Mª L. Palomar Gª Villamil.-- Estudio edafológico de la sierra del Pinar, Grazalema (Cádiz). III. Suelos poco evolucionados: datos micromorfológicos, por L. Corral, N. Bellinfante y G. Paneque.-- Estudio edafológico de la sierra del Pinar, Grazalema (Cádíz). IV. Suelos calci-magnésicos: datos del medio, descripción de perfiles y datos analíticos, por L. Corral, N. Bellinfante y G. Paneque.-- Características electroquímicas de andosoles. III. Conductimetría, por J. M. Hernández Moreno, F. Fernández Caldas y A. González Batista.--Alteración de minerales en suelos con distinto grado de desarrollo. Suelos a-b-e. l. Descripción y datos analíticos de los perfiles, por A. Hoyos, C. Fernández, M. J. Manrique y J. González.-- Variaciones mineralógicas de un suelo derivado de cenizas volcánicas (vitradepts) sometido a lixiviación experimental, por E. Wifredo Vera, E., y L. Walter Luzio.-- Persistencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en el suelo durante el cultivo del capsicum annuum L., por A. Alonso-Allende, J. Laencina, A. Ortuño y J. María Abrisqueta.-- Evolución de residuos de flaguicidas organoclorados en partes aéreas del capsium annuum L. . Frutos, por A. Alonso-Allende, J. Laencina, A. Orturño y J. Mª Abrisqueta.-- Bentonitas para la industria de la fundición. 11. Difracción de rayos Xy microscopía electrónica de transmisión, por C. Rodríguez Pascual, A. Bilbao y C. Vizcaíno.-- Alteración de rocas y formación de suelos en el área de Riotinto (Huelva). l. Factores ecológicos, por J. Heredia, N. Bellinfante y G. Paneque.-- Influencia del ion magnesio y pH ácido en la evolución experimentalilita, por J. Iñiguez y C. Alvarez. Fertilidad de suelos.-- Transformacion and crop. utilization of nitrogen in a calcareous salinealkah soil amended whit orgamc matenals and morgamc· amendments por L. L. Somani.—Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal.-- Influencia del arbolado sobre la composición química de la hierba, por M. l. Montalvo, B. García, E. Luis y J. M. Gómez .-- Estudio del potencial alelopático de erica tetralix L, por J. Vieitez y A. Ballester.-- Acción del 2,4D en el cultivo de callos de maíz obtenidos a partir del meristemo basal del tallo, en plantas jóvenes, por J. Ma Torne, M. A. Santos, A. Pons y M. Blanco.-- Efecto del arbolado sobre los estratos inferiores de vegetación en distintas comunidades de pastizal, por A. Puerto Martín H. Alonso Peloche y J. M. Gómez Gutiérrez .-- Evaluación de los efectos de disoluciones isotónicas de NaCl o PEG-4000 en plantas de maíz (zea mays), por Ma P. Sánchez Conde y P. Azuara.—Suelos. Eliminación con hidroxilamina de la interferencia de hierro (III) en la determinación polarográfica de titanio (IV). Aplicación al análisis de arcillas, por C. del Ser Fraile y R. Gallego Andreu.-- Características electroquímicas de suelos fersialíticos. VI, por J. M. Hernández Moreno, E. Fernández Caldas y A. Gónzalez Batista.-- La tipología de los suelos y sus características electroquímicas, por E. Fernández Caldas, A. González Batista y J. Hernández Moreno.-- Alteración de rocas y formación de suelos en el área de Riotinto (Huelva). II. Estudio morfológico y propiedades generales de los suelos, por J. Heredia, N. Bellinfante y G. Paneque.-- Alteración de rocas y formación de suelos·en el área de Riotinto (Huelva). III. Estudio micromorfológico, por N. Bellinfante, J. Heredia y G. Paneque.-- Estudio ecológico de la vegetación de ecotono ("vera") de la reserva biológica de Doñana (Huelva). l. Metodología y medio físico-químico, por J. Merino, L. Ramirez Díaz, F. Sancho Royo y A. Torres Martínez.-- Estudio ecológico de la vegetación de ecotono ("vera") de la reserva biológica de Doñana (Huelva). II. Tipificación ecológica de las comunidades vegetales, por J. Merino, L. Ramirez Díaz, F. Sancho Royo y A. Torres Martínez.-- Procesos de edafogénesis. l. Podsolización, por J. Aguilar, J. Benayas, y F. Macías.-- Observaciones preliminares sobre la alteración en los suelos fersialíticos sobre materiales volcánicos (Islas Canarias), por A. Rodriguez Rodríguez, N. Fedoroff, M. L. Tejedor Salguero y E. Fernandez-Caldas.-- Características mineralógicas de la fracción arcilla en entísoles, por P. Recio, M. T. García-González y J. García Vicente.-- Actividad de la microflora de tres humus representativos del Centro de Espana, por M.C. Guerrero, J.M. Lozano-Calle y C. Ramírez.-- Adsorción de clordimeform por la montmorillonita: efecto del pH y la concentración de sal en el medio, por María C. Hermosin y J.L. Pérez Rodríguez.-- Mineralogía de la fracción arcilla en suelos de las sierras de Gredos y Gata. l. Grupo inceptisol ochrep, por M.P. Riesco, M. T. García-González y J. García Vicente.-- Problemas de eliminación de sales solubles en la determinación de capacidad de cambio y cationes de cambio, por A. Roig, M. Romero, F. Santa Cruz y M. Caro.-- Estudio comparativo de métodos de determinación de capacidad de cambio catiómca en suelos calizos, por A. Roig, M. Romero, A. Lax y F.G. Fernández.-- Influencia de la vegetación en la génesis de algunos suelos de Sierra Nevada, por C. Sierra, M. Simón y R. Hoyos.-- Interaccion de 1-2 propileo carbonato con montmorillonita. II. Calores diferenciales de adsorción, por G. Dios Cancela y María G. Viéitez Cortizo.-- Interacción del dipropilsufóxido con montmorillonita. II. Calores diferenciales de adsorción, por G. Dios Cancela y M.G. Viéitez Cortizo.-- Suelos de la zona húmeda española. X. Suelos de montaña gallegos. l. Suelos no afectados por el nivel freático, por A. Sanmamed y F. Guitián.-- "El nematodo de los cítricos". Tylenchulus semipenetrans cobb. 1913. Estudios de especificidad (I), por E. Valcarce y E. Laborda.-- Estudio de la nematofauna de viveros de agrios, por E. Valcarce y E. Laborda.—Fertilidad de suelos. Estudio de la contaminación de suelos y plantas por metales pesados en los entornos de las autopistas que confluyen en Madrid. II. Contaminación de suelos, por J. R. Sanchidrián y M. Mariño.-- Estudio de la contaminación de suelos y plantas por metalespesados en los entornos de las autopistas que confluyen en Madrid. III. Contaminación de plantas, por J.R. Rodríguez Sanchidrián y M. Mariño Aguiar.-- Efectos de dikegulac sobre la planta del clavel, por M. Vendrell, M. Lasala y J. Cardus.-- La cromatografía de gases en la determinación de residuos de 1,2-dibromo- 3-cJ.oropropano en suelos, por José María Abrisqueta García, Angel Ortuño Martínez, Antonio Hernandez Rabay.-- Acción del herbicida amitrol sobre tres especies del género rhizobium, por M. Flores Rodríguez y E. Moreno Mate.-- Estudio del fósforo asimilable en andosoles de las Islas Canarias, por F. Gutiérrez Jérez, A. Borges y T. Trujillo Jacinto del Castillo.—Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal. Estudio de la influencia de nitratos sobre el crecimiento y fijación simbiótica de nitrógeno en plantas de judía (phaseolus vulgaris, L.) por E. O. Leidi y M. Gómez.-- Relación entre la composición mineral y el desarrollo de los frutos del plátano, por M. Fernández, J. Robles, C.E. Alvarez y A. Díaz.-- Trabajos Recapitualtivos.-- Fijación de nitrógeno por rhizobium en vida libre, por E. J. Bedmar y J. OlivaresPeer reviewe