Comparative Study of the Effects of 2% Ibopamine, 10% Phenylephrine, and 1% Tropicamide on the Anterior Segment

PURPOSE To assess in normal and glaucomatous eyes the effect of the dopaminergic drug 2% ibopamine on visual acuity, IOP, pupil size and anterior segment geometry, compared with 10% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide. METHODS Fifteen healthy subjects and 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, aged from 40 to 70 years (mean age: 54.8 +/- 9.6), were recruited into this open prospective study. After instillation of 2% ibopamine, refraction, visual acuity, pupil diameter, IOP, five A-scan ultrasonographic parameters, and 15 ultrasound biomicroscopy parameters were evaluated. The study was repeated with assessment of the same parameters 20 to 30 days later in 10 subjects (5 normal and 5 with glaucoma), using first 10% phenylephrine and then 1% tropicamide. A second group of 15 healthy subjects, aged from 45 to 70 years (mean age: 53.5 +/- 8.6) was examined to evaluate the dose-response effect and time course on pupil diameter, of ibopamine, phenylephrine, and tropicamide. RESULTS After 40 minutes 2% ibopamine induced a marked mydriatic effect (from 5 to 9.1 mm; P < 0.0001) greater than that produced by 10% phenylephrine (from 4.7 to 7.9 mm; P < 0.0001) or 1% tropicamide (from 4.6 to 6.9 mm; P < 0.0001), with no changes in refraction or visual acuity. IOP was significantly increased only in patients with glaucoma after instillation of either 2% ibopamine (from 22.2 to 24.8 mm Hg; P < 0.0001) or 1% tropicamide (from 21.2 to 23.6 mm Hg; P = 0.004), whereas 10% phenylephrine induced no statistically significant changes. Ibopamine (2%) caused a significant increase in iris thickness with a reduction of the sulcus ciliaris and posterior chamber depth. The anterior chamber angle (ACA) showed a mean 5 degrees widening with an increase in scleral-iris angle (SIA) and sclera-ciliary process angle. In 11 (37%) of 30 cases, separation of the pupil border and lens surface occurred, whereas contact was maintained only with the zonule in the other 19 (63%) of 30. The changes after 10% phenylephrine instillation were similar, although only the increase in iris thickness and SIA was statistically significant. Tropicamide (1%) induced a slight but significant increase in SIA. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the potent mydriatic effect of 2% ibopamine, which is greater than that of either 10% phenylephrine or 1% tropicamide, as well as its ability to induce an increase in intraocular pressure when used in patients with glaucoma alone. These data support the hypothesis that the widening of the ACA induced by 2% ibopamine is due to posterior rotation of the iris plane and ciliary processes. These changes are quantitatively greater than those induced by 10% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide and are related to the greater mydriatic effect of the drug

De promessa a realidade: como o etanol celulósico pode revolucionar a indústria da cana-de-açúcar: uma avaliação do potencial competitivo e sugestões de política pública

Bibliografia: p. 286-289Anexos: p. 289-294Após um longo período de desenvolvimento tecnológico em nível mundial, o etanol celulósico ou de segunda geração (E2G) atingiu o estágio de plantas comerciais. O Brasil, por conta dos projetos fomentados pelo Plano Conjunto BNDES-Finep de Apoio à Inovação Tecnológica Industrial dos Setores Sucroenergético e Sucroquímico (PAISS), tem atualmente uma capacidade instalada de produção de E2G de cerca de 140 milhões de litros por ano. Contudo, tal volume ainda pode ser considerado pequeno quando comparado à demanda interna de combustíveis, hoje suprida com volumes relevantes de gasolina importada. Assim, com o objetivo de fomentar a implementação de mecanismos de política pública que acelerem os investimentos em novas plantas de E2G, este artigo apresenta, baseado em premissas discutidas com diversas empresas e especialistas, estimativas sobre o potencial de melhoria de eficiência e redução de custos de produção do E2G em diferentes cenários tecnológicos. Se bem-sucedidas, tais políticas ajudariam a alterar o atual paradigma tecnoeconômico da indústria da cana-de-açúcar, resgatando sua competitividade

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

The nerve fibre layer in ocular hypertension. Preliminary results

A group of healthy subjects (IOP &lt; 22 mmHg) and a simple ocular hypertension group (IOP &gt; or = 22 mmHg) were examined with a view to checking if there were any differences between their nerve fibre layers. Results indicate thinner fibres in the ocular hypertensives significantly correlative with pressure increase. Among the two groups, some corresponding fibre thicknesses were found

Comparative study of the effects of 2% ibopamine, 10% phenylephrine, and 1% tropicamide on the anterior segment

PURPOSE. To assess in normal and glaucomatous eyes the effect of the dopaminergic drug 2% ibopamine on visual acuity, IOP, pupil size and anterior segment geometry, compared with 10% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide. METHODS. Fifteen healthy subjects and 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, aged from 40 to 70 years (mean age: 54.8 +/- 9.6), were recruited into this open prospective study. After instillation of 2% ibopamine, refraction, visual acuity pupil diameter, IOP, five A-scan ultrasonographic parameters: and 15 ultrasound biomicroscopy parameters were evaluated. The study was repeated with assessment of the same parameters 20 to 30 days later in 10 subjects (5 normal and 5 with glaucoma), using first 10% phenylephrine and then 1% tropicamide. A second group of 15 healthy subjects, aged from 45 to 70 years (mean age: 53.5 +/- 8.6) was examined to evaluate the dose-response effect and time course on pupil diameter, of ibopamine, phenylephrine, and tropicamide. RESULTS. After 40 minutes 2% ibopamine induced a marked mydriatic effect (from 5 to 9.1 mm; P &lt; 0.0001) greater than that produced by 10% phenylephrine (from 4.7 to 7.9 mm; P &lt; 0.0001) or 1% tropicamide (from 4.6 to 6.9 mm; P &lt; 0.0001), with no changes in refraction or visual acuity. IOP was significantly increased only in patients with glaucoma after instillation of either 2% ibopamine (from 22.2 to 24.8 nim Hg; P &lt; 0.0001) or 1% tropicamide (from 21.2 to 23.6 mm Hg; P = 0.004), whereas 10% phenylephrine induced no statistically significant changes. Ibopaminc (2%) caused a significant increase in iris thickness with a reduction of the sulcus ciliaris and posterior chamber depth. The anterior chamber angle (ACA) showed a mean 5degrees widening with an increase in scleraliris angle (SIA) and sclera-ciliary process angle. In 11 (37%) of 30 cases, separation of the pupil border and lens surface occurred, whereas contact was maintained only with the zonule in the other 19 (63%) of 30. The changes after 10% phenylephrine instillation were similar, although only the increase in iris thickness and SIA was statistically significant. Tropicamide (1%) induced a slight but significant increase in SIA. CONCLUSIONS. The results confirm the potent mydriatic effect of 2% ibopamine, which is greater than that of either 10% phenylephrine or 1% tropicamide, as well as its ability to induce an increase in intraocular pressure when used in patients with glaucoma alone. These data support the hypothesis that the widening of the ACA induced by 2% ibopamine is due to posterior rotation of the iris plane and ciliary processes. These changes are quantitatively greater than those induced by 10% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide and are related to the greater mydriatic effect of the drug

Effects of 2% ibopamine on pupil, refraction, anterior segment anatomy and intraocular pressure

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a dopaminergic drug, 2% ibopamine, on the pupil, intraocular pressure and other ocular and ultrasound biometric variables. Thirty healthy subjects and 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, aged from 40 to 78 years (mean age: 59.2 \ub1 11), were included in two prospective open controlled trials. In the first, the mydriatic effect of 2% ibopamine and its inhibition and reversibility were evaluated in 15 healthy subjects using the alpha1-adrenergic drug, 0.5% dapiprazole. In the second, refraction, visual acuity, pupil diameter, intraocular pressure and 5 A-scan ultrasound biometric variables were evaluated in 15 healthy subjects and in 15 glaucoma patients. As early as forty min after administration of 2% ibopamine, a marked mydriatic effect (7.3 vs 3.9 mm; P &lt; 0.0001), which was completely inhibited or reversed by 0.5% dapiprazole, was detected. The drug induced no changes in refraction, visual acuity or A-scan ultrasound biometric variables in any of the subjects examined. In healthy subjects, the intraocular pressure values were not changed to a statistically significant extent (13.8 vs 14.8 mm Hg; P = 0.668), whereas a slight, though significant, hypertensive effect (24 vs 22.2 mm Hg; P = 0.002) was observed in the glaucoma patients. The study confirms the intense mydriatic effect of 2% ibopamine with no changes in refraction, visual acuity or A-scan ultrasound biometric variables. The drug has no effect on intraocular pressure in healthy subjects, but induces a significant hypertensive effect in patients with initial glaucoma. This characteristic could be used for early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma

Ultrasound biomicroscopy and intraocular-pressure-lowering mechanisms of deep sclerectomy with reticulated hyaluronic acid implant

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomic characteristics and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering mechanisms of deep sclerectomy with reticulated hyaluronic acid implant (DS with RHAI) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Setting: Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. Methods: Thirty patients with primary open-angle glaucoma not controlled by medical therapy had DS with RHAI in 1 eye. A complete ocular examination and UBM study were performed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and thereafter at 6 month intervals. Eleven parameters were evaluated, the most important of which were IOP, surgical success in lowering IOP to 21 mm Hg or less with or without additional medical therapy, UBM appearance of the site of DS with RHAI, size of the decompression space, presence of a filtering bleb and supraciliary hypoechoic area, and scleral reflectivity around the decompression space. Results: After a mean follow-up of 11.4 months +/- 4.7 (SD), the mean percentage reduction in IOP compared to preoperatively was 38% (from 26 +/- 4.5 mm Hg to 16.2 +/- 3.8 mm Hg; P =.0001), Twenty-four patients (80%) had an]OP less than 21 mm Hg; however, 7 of these eyes (23%) required additional IOP-lowering medical therapy. The operation failed in 6 patients (20%) despite additional therapy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a reduction in the size of the decompression space from 6 months postoperatively and its disappearance in 2 cases, The difference in size at the last follow-up and at 1 month postoperatively (maximum length 2.41 +/- 1.02 mm versus 3.53 +/- 0.51 mm) was significant(P =.0001).At the last examination, a filtering bleb was present in 18 patients (60%), a supraciliary hypoechoic area in 18(60%), and hyporeflectivity of the scleral tissue around the decompression space in 14 (47%). These 3 UBM characteristics were detected singly and in various combinations. The simultaneous presence of all 3 characteristics in the same eye correlated significantly with a higher surgical success rate (P =.004). Conclusions: Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed that filtering bleb formation was frequent in eyes having DS with RHAI but that it was not the only surgically induced IOP-lowering mechanism, increased uveoscleral and transscleral filtration may be equally important

Does Nerve fiber layer Thickness correlate with visula field defects in glaucoma? A study with nerve fiber analyzer

The Nerve Fiber Analyzer, a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, was used to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) in a glaucoma population. The authors studied the correlation between NFL thickness and the perimetric defects. The NFL was found to be statistically thinner in comparison to a normal control group of subjects. The correlation between the perimetric index MD and the NFA was statistically significant only for the lower quadrant of retinal NFL. The correspondence between thinner NFL and perimetric defects was investigated