2,740 research outputs found
Implementation of electroweak corrections in the POWHEG BOX: single W production
We present a fully consistent implementation of electroweak and strong
radiative corrections to single W hadroproduction in the POWHEG BOX framework,
treating soft and collinear photon emissions on the same ground as coloured
parton emissions. This framework can be easily extended to more complex
electroweak processes. We describe how next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak
corrections are combined with the NLO QCD calculation, and show how they are
interfaced to QCD and QED shower Monte Carlo. The resulting tool fills a gap in
the literature and allows to study comprehensively the interplay of QCD and
electroweak effects to W production using a single computational framework.
Numerical comparisons with the predictions of the electroweak generator HORACE,
as well as with existing results on the combination of electroweak and QCD
corrections to W production, are shown for the LHC energies, to validate the
reliability and accuracy of the approachComment: 31 pages, 7 figures. Minor corrections, references added and updated.
Final version to appear in JHE
Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities
Various gastrointestinal (GI) factors affect drug and formulation behavior after oral administration, including GI transfer, motility, pH and GI fluid volume and composition. An in-depth understanding of these physiological and anatomical variables is critical for a continued progress in oral drug development. In this review, different methodologies (invasive versus non-invasive) to explore the impact of physiological variables on formulation behavior in the human GI tract are presented, revealing their strengths and limitations. The techniques mentioned allow for an improved understanding of the role of following GI variables: gastric emptying (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scintigraphy, acetaminophen absorption technique, ultrasonography, breath test, intraluminal sampling and telemetry), motility (MRI, small intestinal/colonic manometry and telemetry), GI volume changes (MRI and ultrasonography), temperature (telemetry) and intraluminal pH (intraluminal sampling and telemetry)
Animal Interactions and the Emergence of Territoriality
Inferring the role of interactions in territorial animals relies upon accurate recordings of the behaviour of neighbouring individuals. Such accurate recordings are rarely available from field studies. As a result, quantification of the interaction mechanisms has often relied upon theoretical approaches, which hitherto have been limited to comparisons of macroscopic population-level predictions from un-tested interaction models. Here we present a quantitative framework that possesses a microscopic testable hypothesis on the mechanism of conspecific avoidance mediated by olfactory signals in the form of scent marks. We find that the key parameters controlling territoriality are two: the average territory size, i.e. the inverse of the population density, and the time span during which animal scent marks remain active. Since permanent monitoring of a territorial border is not possible, scent marks need to function in the temporary absence of the resident. As chemical signals carried by the scent only last a finite amount of time, each animal needs to revisit territorial boundaries frequently and refresh its own scent marks in order to deter possible intruders. The size of the territory an animal can maintain is thus proportional to the time necessary for an animal to move between its own territorial boundaries. By using an agent-based model to take into account the possible spatio-temporal movement trajectories of individual animals, we show that the emerging territories are the result of a form of collective animal movement where, different to shoaling, flocking or herding, interactions are highly heterogeneous in space and time. The applicability of our hypothesis has been tested with a prototypical territorial animal, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Galaxies Going Bananas: Inferring the 3D Geometry of High-Redshift Galaxies with JWST-CEERS
The 3D geometry of high-redshift galaxies remains poorly understood. We build
a differentiable Bayesian model and use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to efficiently
and robustly infer the 3D shapes of star-forming galaxies in JWST-CEERS
observations with at . We reproduce
previous results from HST-CANDELS in a fraction of the computing time and
constrain the mean ellipticity, triaxiality, size and covariances with samples
as small as galaxies. We find high 3D ellipticities for all
mass-redshift bins suggesting oblate (disky) or prolate (elongated) geometries.
We break that degeneracy by constraining the mean triaxiality to be for
dwarfs at (favoring the prolate scenario),
with significantly lower triaxialities for higher masses and lower redshifts
indicating the emergence of disks. The prolate population traces out a
``banana'' in the projected diagram with an excess of low ,
large galaxies. The dwarf prolate fraction rises from at
to at . If these are disks, they cannot be
axisymmetric but instead must be unusually oval (triaxial) unlike local
circular disks. We simultaneously constrain the 3D size-mass relation and its
dependence on 3D geometry. High-probability prolate and oblate candidates show
remarkably similar S\'ersic indices (), non-parametric morphological
properties and specific star formation rates. Both tend to be visually
classified as disks or irregular but edge-on oblate candidates show more dust
attenuation. We discuss selection effects, follow-up prospects and theoretical
implications.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, main body is 35 pages of which ~half are full-page
figures, comments welcom
Mu2e Technical Design Report
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor
violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity
approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best
limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery
potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well
beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the preliminary design of the
proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of
the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2 approval.Comment: compressed file, 888 pages, 621 figures, 126 tables; full resolution
available at http://mu2e.fnal.gov; corrected typo in background summary,
Table 3.
Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of adjunctive devices in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of native vessels
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome : cranofacial anomalies caused by genetic changes in the TWIST gene
In this thesis, one of the most frequently occurring and most variable craniosynostosis
syndromes was investigated; Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Craniosynostosis is the premature
obliteration of cranial sutures in the developing embryo. It can also occur in the first few
months of life. Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is, besides craniosynostosis, characterized by
specific facial and limb abnormalities, of which the most frequently reported are ptosis,
prominent crus helicis, cutaneous syndactyly of digit 2 and 3 on both hands and feet, and
broad halluces. Saethre-Chotzen syndrome has been linked to the TWIST gene on
chromosome 7p21.1. Mutations in and variably sized deletions of this gene can be found in
patients with clinical features of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. The latter, TWIST deletions,
often also include part of the surrounding chromosome 7p and are reported to be associated
with mental retardation. In Saethre-Chotzen patients, in whom neither a mutation nor a
deletion of TWIST had been found, the FGFR3 P250R mutation was in some cases detected.
This mutation has specifically been linked to Muenke syndrome that is characterized by unior
bicoronal synostosis and slight facial dysmorphology. However, a Saethre-Chotzen like
phenotype can also result from this mutation.
Because of the possible overlap of Saethre-Chotzen with Muenke syndrome, these syndromes
were studied in order to provide clinical criteria that discriminate between the two (chapter 4).
Many phenotypic features occur in both syndromes. In addition, although unicoronal
synostosis occurs slightly more frequently in Muenke syndrome, unicoronal and bicoronal
synostosis are seen in both syndromes. The discrimination between Saethre-Chotzen and
Muenke is often not made easily and the associated genes, TWIST and FGFR3, respectively,
are simultaneously tested for pathogenic m
Molecular dynamics simulation of aqueous solutions of 26-unit segments of p(NIPAAm) and of p(NIPAAm) "doped" with amino acid based comonomers
We have performed 75-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of aqueous solutions of a 26-unit NIPAAm
oligomer at two temperatures, 302 and 315 K, below and above the experimentally determined lower critical
solution temperature (LCST) of p(NIPAAm). We have been able to show that at 315 K the oligomer assumes
a compact form, while it keeps a more extended form at 302 K. A similar behavior has been demonstrated
for a similar NIPAAm oligomer, where two units had been substituted by methacryloyl-l-valine (MAVA)
comonomers, one of them being charged and one neutral. For another analogous oligomer, where the same
units had been substituted by methacryloyl-l-leucine (MALEU) comonomers, no transition from the extended
to the more compact conformation has been found within the same simulation time. Statistical analysis of the
trajectories indicates that this transition is related to the dynamics of the oligomer backbone, and to the formation
of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and water-bridges between distant units of the solute. In the MAVA case,
we have also evidenced an important role of the neutral MAVA comonomer in stabilizing the compact coiled
structure. In the MALEU case, the corresponding comonomer is not equally efficacious and, possibly, is
even hindering the readjustment of the oligomer backbone. Finally the self-diffusion coefficient of water
molecules surrounding the oligomers at the two temperatures for selected relevant times is observed to
characteristically depend on the distance from the solute molecules
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