Desenvolvimento sustentável X desenvolvimento econômico

Sustainable development is the rational use of natural resources for the welfare, ensuring the economic growth needed to meet our demands and the needs of future generations. In order to identify the conceptual origins and some practices aimed at sustainability developed the study. Natural resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and that they take into account their possible exhaustion. With this threat, alternatives are sought for the socio-economic development is sustainable. A strong social policy is still the main need for the achievement of sustainable development, especially in emerging countries like Brazil. Environmental issues related to the use of pesticides, excessive deforestation, hand slave and child labor are some of the factors that public policies attempt to inhibit, but continues to act slowly and ineffectively in most states. So there is an emerging change of social paradigms, where it is necessary to realize values that drive our economic development and our relationship with the environment. The use of sustainability becomes the great social challenge of the coming decades.Desenvolvimento sustentável é o uso racional dos recursos naturais em prol do bem-estar social, garantindo o crescimento econômico necessário para suprir as nossas demandas e as necessidades das futuras gerações. Com o objetivo de identificar às origens conceituais e algumas práticas direcionadas a sustentabilidade desenvolveu-se o estudo. Os recursos naturais têm se tornado cada vez mais escassos, devendo-se levar em consideração sua possível exaustão. Com essa ameaça, buscam-se alternativas para que o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico seja sustentável. Uma política social forte é ainda a principal necessidade para a conquista do desenvolvimento sustentável, principalmente nos países emergentes assim como o Brasil. Questões ambientais, relacionadas ao uso de agrotóxicos, desmatamento excessivo, mão de obra escrava e infantil são alguns dos fatores que as políticas públicas tentam inibir, porém continuam agindo de forma lenta e ineficaz na maioria dos estados brasileiros. Assim há uma emergente mudança de paradigmas sociais, onde é necessário perceber valores que direcionam nosso desenvolvimento econômico e nossa relação com o meio ambiente. O uso da sustentabilidade torna-se o grande desafio social das próximas décadas

Teoria da Autodeterminação: um estudo da Motivação dos estudantes do curso de Ciências Contábeis em relação ao hábito de LeituraTheory of Self-Determination: a study of Accounting Students' Motivation in relation to the reading habit

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a motivação de estudantes de Ciências Contábeis em relação ao hábito de leitura de textos curriculares e extracurriculares, sob a luz da Teoria da Autodeterminação, a qual indica seis tipos de motivação. Esta pesquisa é descritiva, quantitativa e quanto aos procedimentos survey, realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário eletrônico, com a escala de motivação para Escala de Motivação em Leitura (EML). A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por 163 discentes matriculados nos Cursos de Ciências Contábeis de instituições de ensino brasileiras. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que os estudantes analisados possuem motivação extrínseca por regulação integrada para realizarem leituras. Foi possível constatar, também, que as mulheres, os mais jovens e os que têm mais tempo na graduação em relação aos iniciantes apresentaram motivação identificada. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de fomentar o hábito de leitura dos estudantes, pois esse déficit vai refletir futuramente na vida profissional dos discentes

Use of biostimulant in the reversion of injury caused by glyphosate on conventional corn plants

O cultivo de milho convencional vem retomando espaço no panorama agrícola nacional em função da dificuldade de controle do milho tiguera em culturas subsequentes. Entretanto, a deriva de glyphosate em lavouras adjacentes passou a ser uma preocupação entre os produtores e técnicos. Dessa forma o experimento foi instalado para avaliar o efeito de baixas doses de glyphosate na cultura e a capacidade de um bioestimulante a base de hormônios vegetais em reverter as injúrias causadas pelo herbicida, avaliando-se características morfológicas e taxa fotossintética de plantas de milho. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial 5 X 2, sendo que o primeiro fator correspondeu a cinco doses de glyphosate (0; 10; 20; 30 e 40 g e.a. ha-1) e o segundo a ausência e presença do bioestimulante. As características avaliadas foram fitointoxicação, diâmetro do colmo, altura plantas e massa fresca de raiz e parte aérea, índice SPAD e taxa fotossintética. A maior dose de glyphosate provocou maior fitointoxicação, além de plantas com menor altura e menor índice SPAD. O bioestimulante proporcionou acréscimos no diâmetro de colmo, índice SPAD e taxa fotossintética. A presença de bioestimulante não proporcionou efeito reparador nos efeitos deletérios provocados pelo glyphosate em plantas de milho convencional.Conventional corn cultivation has been taking up space in the national agricultural panorama due to the difficulty of controlling the corn in subsequent crops. However, glyphosate drift in adjacent crops has become a concern among producers and technicians. Thus the experiment was installed to evaluate the effect of low doses of glyphosate on the crop and the ability of a plant hormone-based biostimulant to reverse the injuries caused by the herbicide, evaluating the morphological characteristics and photosynthetic rate of corn plants. It was used a completely randomized design with four replicates in factorial arrangement 5 X 2, with the first factor corresponding to five doses of glyphosate (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g e.a ha-1), and the second, the absence and presence of the biostimulant. The evaluated characteristics were phytotoxification, stalk diameter, plant height and fresh root and shoot mass, SPAD index and photosynthetic rate. The higher dose of glyphosate resulted in higher phytointoxication, plants with lower height and lower SPAD index. Biostimulant provided increases in stalk diameter, SPAD index and photosynthetic rate. The presence of biostimulant did not provide a repairing effect on the deleterious effects caused by glyphosate in conventional corn plants

Approach to Endoscopic Procedures: A Routine Protocol from a Quaternary University Referral Center Exclusively for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

OBJECTIVES: The present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ushered in an unprecedented era of quality control that has necessitated advanced safety precautions and the need to ensure the adequate protection of healthcare professionals (HCPs). Endoscopy units, endoscopists, and other HCP may be at a significant risk for transmission of the virus. Given the immense burden on the healthcare system and surge in the number of patients with COVID-19, well-designed protocols and recommendations are needed. We aimed to systematically characterize our approach to endoscopic procedures in a quaternary university hospital setting and provide summary protocol recommendations. METHOD: This descriptive study details a COVID-19-specific protocol designed to minimize infection risks to patients and healthcare workers in the endoscopy unit. RESULTS: Our institution, located in Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, includes a 900-bed hospital, with a 200-bed-specific intensive care unit exclusively designed for patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. We highlighted recommendations for infection prevention and control during endoscopic procedures, including appropriate triage and screening, outpatient management and procedural recommendations, role and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and role and procedural logistics involving COVID-19-positive patients. We also detailed hospital protocols for reprocessing endoscopes and cleaning rooms and also provided recommendations to minimize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. CONCLUSION: This COVID-19-specific administrative and clinical protocol can be replicated or adapted in multiple institutions and endoscopy units worldwide. Furthermore, the recommendations and summary protocol may improve patient and HCP safety in these trying times

The granulitic roots of the Salvador-Esplanada-Boquim Belt, S?o Francisco Craton, Bahia-Sergipe, Brazil

O Cintur?o Salvador-Esplanada-Boquim (CSEB) ? provavelmente um ramo nordeste do Or?geno Itabuna-Salvador-Cura??. Neste trabalho, in?dito para a regi?o, ? apresentada a caracteriza??o petrogr?fica, petroqu?mica e geocronol?gica preliminar das rochas granul?ticas da por??o central-norte desse cintur?o, onde foram separadas quatro unidades granul?ticas ?cidas e intermedi?rias, al?m de bandas de granulitos m?ficos, granulitos aluminosos e quartzitos. As quatro unidades ?cidas e intermedi?rias s?o ortogranulitos foliados onde os granulitos m?ficos encontram-se encaixados sob a forma de lentes. Essas rochas foram atravessadas por diques orosirianos, dac?ticos-riol?ticos (Diques de Arau?). O estudo litogeoqu?mico dos granulitos ?cidos e intermedi?rios revelou quatro s?ries c?lcio-alcalinas de baixo a alto K, assim denominadas: enderb?tica (Ed1), enderb?tica (Ed2); charnock?tica de composi??o monzogran?tica (MCh) e charnoenderb?tica (Ch-Ed). Diagramas multielementares indicam que as quatro unidades possuem anomalias negativas de Nb, Ti e P e baixos teores de high field strenght elements (HFSE), sugerindo haver associa??o gen?tica ligada a zonas de subduc??o e arcos vulc?nicos. Os granulitos m?ficos, por sua vez, apontam para uma filia??o tole?tica com caracter?sticas tipo island-arc tholeiite (IAT). Os dados geocronol?gicos indicam idades que sugerem a presen?a de eventos tect?nicos ocorridos na ?rea, a saber: forma??o do prot?lito do granulito (Ed2) em 2,90 Ga (idade-modelo TDM-Nd); cristaliza??o do granulito (Ed2) em 2582 ? 11 Ma e do MCh em 2473 ? 13 Ma; metamorfismo regional com idades entre 2087 e 2073 Ma; e preenchimento de falhas em forma de diques em torno de 2015 ? 12 Ma. Os dados obtidos, sobretudo aqueles da litogeoqu?mica, est?o permitindo interpretar que essas rochas metam?rficas de alto grau se adequam ?quelas do tipo arco vulc?nico. Essas, ao colidirem no Paleoproterozoico com o Bloco Serrinha, situado a oeste da ?rea estudada, formaram uma cadeia de montanhas, a qual, ao ser erodida, exp?s suas ra?zes granul?ticas.The Salvador-Esplanada-Boquim Belt is probably a northeastern branch of the Itabuna-Salvador-Cura?? Orogen. This study, which is unprecedented in the region, presents the petrographic, petrochemical and geochronological characterization of granulite rocks from the central-northern portion of this belt, where four acidic and intermediate granulite units were separated, in addition to mafic granulite bands, aluminous granulites and quartzites. These four acidic and intermediate units are foliate orthogranulites, where mafic granulites are embedded in the form of lenses. These rocks were crossed by orosirian, dacitics-rhyolite dykes, (Arau? Dykes). The lithogeochemical study of acidics and intermediate granulites has revealed four calcium-alkaline series from low to high K, named: (i) enderbitic (Ed1), (ii) enderbitic (Ed2); (iii) charnockitic of monzogranitic composition (MCh) and (iv) charnoenderbitic (Ch-Ed). Multielement diagrams indicate that the four units have negative Nb, Ti and P anomalies and low levels of HFSE, suggesting that there is a genetic association attached to subduction zones and volcanic arcs. On the other hand, the mafic granulites indicated a tholeiitic affiliation with characteristics of the MORB type. The geochronological data indicate ages that suggest the presence of tectonic events in this area, namely: (i) the formation of the granulite?s protholith (Ed2) at 2.90 Ga (model-age TDM-Nd); (ii) the crystallization of the granulite (Ed2) at 2582 ? 11 Ma and MCh at 2473 ? 13 Ma; (iii) regional metamorphism aged 2087 Ma and 2073 Ma, and (iv) the filling in of faults in the form of dykes around 2015 ? 12 Ma. The data obtained, especially with regard to lithogeochemistry, allow for the interpretation that these high-grade metamorphic rocks are suited to those of the volcanic arc type. Upon coliding on the Paleoproterozoic with the Serrinha Block, located to the west of the study area, these high-grade metamorphic rocks formed a mountain chain which eroded, exposing their granulite roots

Epidemiologic profile of juvenile-onset compared to adult-onset spondyloarthritis in a large Brazilian cohort

Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis (SpA) (< 16 years) and compare them with a group of adult-onset (≥ 16 years) SpA patients. Patients and methods Prospective, observational and multicentric cohort with 1,424 patients with the diagnosis of SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submitted to a common protocol of investigation and recruited in 29 reference centers participants of the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE – Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites). Patients were divided in two groups: age at onset<16 years (JOSpA group) and age at onset ≥ 16 years (AOSpA group). Results Among the 1,424 patients, 235 presented disease onset before 16 years (16.5%). The clinical and epidemiologic variables associated with JOSpA were male gender (p<0.001), lower limb arthritis (p=0.001), enthesitis (p=0.008), anterior uveitis (p=0.041) and positive HLA-B27 (p=0.017), associated with lower scores of disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – BASDAI; p=0.007) and functionality (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index – BASFI; p=0.036). Cutaneous psoriasis (p<0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (p=0.023), dactylitis (p=0.024) and nail involvement (p=0.004) were more frequent in patients with adult-onset SpA. Conclusions Patients with JOSpA in this large Brazilian cohort were characterized predominantly by male gender, peripheral involvement (arthritis and enthesitis), positive HLA-B27 and lower disease scores.Objetivo Analisar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas das espondiloartrites (EpA) de início juvenil (< 16 anos) e compará-las com um grupo de pacientes com EspA de início na vida adulta (≥ 16 anos). Pacientes e métodos Coorte prospectiva, observacional e multicêntrica com 1.424 pacientes com diagnóstico de EspA de acordo com o European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submetidos a um protocolo comum de investigação e recrutados em 29 centros de referência participantes do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites (RBE). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: idade no início<16 anos (grupo EspAiJ) e idade no início ≥ 16 anos. Resultados Entre os 1.424 pacientes, 235 manifestaram o início da doença antes dos 16 anos (16,5%). As variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas associadas com a EspAiJ foram: gênero masculino (p<0,001), artrite em membro inferior (p=0,001), entesite (p=0,008), uveíte anterior (p=0,041) e HLA-B27 positivo (p=0,017), em associação com escores mais baixos de atividade da doença (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – BASDAI; p=0,007) e de capacidade funcional (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index – BASFI; p=0,036). A psoríase cutânea (p<0,001), a doença inflamatória intestinal (p=0,023), a dactilite (p=0,024) e o envolvimento ungueal (p=0,004) foram mais frequentes em pacientes com EspA de início na vida adulta. Conclusões Nessa grande coorte brasileira, os pacientes com EspAiJ se caracterizavam predominantemente pelo gênero masculino, envolvimento periférico (artrite e entesite), HLA-B27 positivo e escores de doença mais baixos.Universidade Federal de PernambucoInsper Instituto de Educação e PesquisaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Divisão de ReumatologiaUniversidade de BrasíliaHospital Geral de GoiâniaUniversidade de CampinasUniversidade Federal do AmazonasPontifícia Universidade CatólicaHospital Evangélico de CuritibaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Estadual do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoUniversidade Federal do ParanáHospital Geral de FortalezaSanta Casa do Rio de JaneiroSanta Casa de São PauloHospital de Base do Distrito FederalUniversidade Federal do Mato Grosso do SulUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulFaculdade de Medicina Souza MarquesHospital do Servidor Público EstadualUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santa Casa de Belo HorizonteUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversidade Federal do CearáEscola de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaUniversidade Federal do ParáUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoUNIFESPSciEL

Desempenho de bezerros aleitados com soro de queijo em associação ao colostro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de bezerros mestiços, aleitados com soro de queijo em associação ao colostro. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros Holandês x Zebu, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de: leite integral, 50% de leite integral + 50% de soro de queijo, e 30% de colostro + 70% de soro de queijo. O desenvolvimento dos bezerros foi avaliado até os 60 dias de idade, por meio de pesagens semanais e mensurações corporais. Para a estimativa de consumo, foram feitas medições diárias de consumo da dieta sólida, pelo método oferta/sobra. O desempenho econômico foi avaliado pelo cálculo de indicadores de custos e receitas, e de medidas de resultados econômicos. Não houve influência da dieta líquida sobre o consumo de matéria seca e sobre as médias de medidas corporais dos bezerros. Foram observadas diferenças significativas no ganho de peso dos animais na segunda e na quarta semanas de vida. A dieta com colostro apresentou o maior lucro adicional em comparação ao tratamento controle. A associação do soro de queijo ao colostro é a opção mais vantajosa economicamente, já que a substituição de 100% do leite por esses subprodutos não prejudicou o desempenho dos animais

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe