The impact of pregnancy on a woman's health - stress urinary incontinence

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is an embarrassing problem that affects more and more women. The most common type of incontinene in women is stress urinary incontinence, which is defined as the involuntary loss of urine caused by an abnormal closure of the urethra. It happens most often during exercise, coughing or sneezing. The problem of urinary incontinence is extremely important due to the accompanying impact on the psyche of women. It causes a disturbance of self-esteem and is often a cause of embarrassment before visiting a doctor. Results: The pathogenesis of urine loss is multifactorial, but in recent times a lot of blame has been placed on the changes taking place in the body during pregnancy and childbirth. Childbirth weakens the pelvic floor muscles, causing temporary or permanent urine loss. The diagnosis of urinary incontinence is based on the basis of a carefully collected medical history, physical examination and additional tests. Conclusion: Physiotherapeutic procedures, pharmacological treatment and surgical treatment are used as a therapeutic procedures. Prophylactic pelvic floor muscle exercises also play an important role. The most popular treatment for stress urinary incontinence is physiotherapy, including Kegel exercises. The awareness of women about the problem of urinary incontinence should be increased to prevent them from limiting their daily activities and deteriorating sexual activity.

Diabetes - diagnosis, treatment, complications and rehabilitation.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that cannot be completely cured, but by following the recommendations of Healthcare professionals, it is possible to maintain good health for a long time. The most important thing during treatment is to normalize the glucose level and maintain a balanced diet. The aim of the study is to present the problem of diabetes, to present the causes and effects of the disease, and to describe rehabilitation after its complications.Results:In Poland, more than 2.9 million people are ill and the disease curve is constantly growing. Scientists predict that in a few dozen years there may be half a billion people in the world. Many people are not aware that this civilization disease also affects them. The reasons may be an inappropriate lifestyle, smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity. Early treatment initiation can prevent serious complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy that result in DFU and, consequently, lead to limb amputation. Despite accompanying diabetes for several years, some patients report insufficient knowledge about their disease. Educating patients by doctors about the course of the disease and its treatment is an indispensable element during treatment. This improves the patients' quality of life.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects a large part of the population and the incidence continues to increase.To counteract disease, you need to measure your blood sugar regularly. Exercise and an appropriate diet will help prevent the disease.Diabetes mellitus is a disease that cannot be completely cured, but by following the recommendations of Healthcare professionals, it is possible to maintain good health for a long time. The most important thing during treatment is to normalize the glucose level and maintain a balanced diet. The aim of the study is to present the problem of diabetes, to present the causes and effects of the disease, and to describe rehabilitation after its complications.In Poland, more than 2.9 million people are ill and the disease curve is constantly growing. Scientists predict that in a few dozen years there may be half a billion people in the world. Many people are not aware that this civilization disease also affects them. The reasons may be an inappropriate lifestyle, smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity. Early treatment initiation can prevent serious complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy that result in DFU and, consequently, lead to limb amputation. Despite accompanying diabetes for several years, some patients report insufficient knowledge about their disease. Educating patients by doctors about the course of the disease and its treatment is an indispensable element during treatment. This improves the patients' quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects a large part of the population and the incidence continues to increase.To counteract disease, you need to measure your blood sugar regularly. Exercise and an appropriate diet will help prevent the disease

Physical rehabilitation after hip joint dislocation in the elderly

Introduction: Hip joint injuries often have complex and multifactorial causes. Therefore it is so important to apply a properly adjusted physical therapy to each patient. It is especially important in case of older people, where in addition to regular force based trauma, there may exist a number of degenerative changes to the hip joint associated with the aging of the body. Aim The aim of this article is to review the available hip joint injury physical rehabilitation methods, including the newest physical rehabilitation trends. An assesment of the effectiveness of the discussed rehabilitation methods is also carried out in this paper. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analysed using keywords: injuries of the hip joints, dislocation of the hip joint, modern methods of rehabilitation, older people. Results: The most common type of hip injuries in elderly patients are proximal femur fracture, trochanteric fracture and femoral neck fracture. In case of such fractures the main choice is usually surgical treatment, therefore it is important to start the rehabilitation process as soon as possible to allow for a quick recovery of the joint. Anticoagulant therapy is introduced within the first 24 hours after the surgery. Verticalization and learning to walk is introduced in the following days, where it is crucial to strengthen the muscles. In later stages exercises with partial and full weighing of the limb can be introduced. Physical exercise therapy is proven to be effective in returning the geriatric patient to full mobility or improving his locomotor functions. Physiotherapy, i.e. hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, magnetotherapy, thermotherapy and laser therapy, can also be introduced for faster tissue regeneration and pain relief. An important element of the post-operative stage is educating the patient about post-hospital life, i.e. principles of safe behavior at home, his limitations and the gradual introduction of physical activity. Conclusions: The hip joint through its location, structure and function is one of the most common locations of degenerative changes and injuries in the overall population. It is particularly important in elderly people, due to degenerative changes associated with the aging of the body. Rehabilitation after hip injuries should be started as soon as possible after its occurrence. It is important to remember that geriatric patients are specific, due to various limitations, i.e. multimorbidity, polipharmacotherapy, frailty, deafness, amblyopia, sarcopenia and others. Therefore it is necessary to personalise rehabilitation process to best fit to each patient

Sarcopenia as a problem of old age - a form of rehabilitation

Background: Sarkopenia as a disease has relatively recently become the object of research and the work of the academic community. Despite this, sarcopenia is an increasingly serious social problem, it can be seen in a large number of statistics and epidemiological studies. Among geriatric patients, along with their multiformity and the associated use of a large amount of medicines, it causes many negative effects related to the functioning of the whole organism as well as the quality of life of the patient himself. Material and methods: Analysis of available literature, articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: sarcopenia, geriatrics, rehabilitation, loss of muscle mass. Results: Among the studies and recommendations concerning sarcopenia, a continuous lack of clear, transparent and confirmed diagnostic criteria can be stated. At the diagnosis of this disease, an X-ray or a bioelectrical impedance analysis is used. Other methods used are functional tests, including a six-minute walk test or "Timed-Up and Go" test (TUG). In the case of rehabilitation of people with sarcopenia, the most effective form of kinesitherapy is individually selected resistive training, which has a positive effect not only on muscle mass growth, but also the body's protein metabolism and the improvement of the endocrine system. Physiotherapy is the most commonly used method of physical therapy, among other methods of rehabilitation there are also therapeutic massage, aqua aerobics, vibratory training, and Nordic Walking and diet supplementation. Conclusions: Sarcopenia in geriatric patients, especially with ineffective treatment and rehabilitation, has a destructive impact on both the physical and mental sphere of the patient. There is a great need for more extensive research, both on the whole disease process and the effectiveness of forms of assistance to patients

Encapsulation of amikacin into microparticles based on low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol)

The aim of this study was to fabricate novel microparticles (MPs) for efficient and long-term delivery of amikacin (AMI). The emulsification method proposed for encapsulating AMI employed low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG), both supplemented with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The diameters of the particles obtained were determined as less than 30 μm. Based on an in-vitro release study, it was proven that the MPs (both PLA/PVA- and PLA-PEG/PVA-based) demonstrated long-term AMI release (2 months), the kinetics of which adhered to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The loading efficiencies of AMI in the study were determined at the followings levels: 36.5 ± 1.5 μg/mg for the PLA-based MPs and 106 ± 32 μg/mg for the PLA-PEG-based MPs. These values were relatively high and draw parallels with studies published on the encapsulation of aminoglycosides. The MPs provided antimicrobial action against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial strains. The materials were also comprehensively characterized by the following methods: differential scanning calorimetry; gel permeation chromatography; scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance; energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence; and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The findings of this study contribute toward discerning new means for conducting targeted therapy with polar, broad spectrum antibiotics. © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.Polish program for PhD students entitled "InterPhD2: The development of interdisciplinary and international PhD study programs" [POWR.03.02.00-00I002/16]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, DKRVO grant [RP/CPS/2020/002]Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT: RP/CPS/2020/00

Potential applications of virtual reality devices in older people. Narrative review

Introduction Many of the non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions such as physical and mental exercises are focused on some of the dimensions of human cognition only. Therefore, methods involving immersion in VR (VR) might presumably belong to the more effective treatment methods. VR is a rapidly evolving technology, which is successfully and increasingly present in various branches, including medicine. Despite its increasing popularity for many people it is still new and unexplored, which leads to negative opinions and unwillingness to use in geriatric population. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to describe application of virtual reality and new technologies devices in geriatrics. Material and methods Articles in the EBSCO database were analyzed using keywords: virtual reality, frailty, pain, phobias, stroke rehabilitation, adverse effects. Available literature has been subjectively selected. Results Researches with applications of virtual reality techniques in sarcopenia and frailty, phobias, stroke rehabilitation, pain therapy were described. Moreover, potential adverse effects were discussed. Conclusions An overview of the research results in this area indicates that the virtual reality, possibly could be applied in mental and physical training in the cases of both physiological aging and various disorders. At the same time, the disadvantages and potential adverse effects have been pointed out. Further studies on application of VR in older people should be conducted to determine its effectiveness in various clinical and nonclinical settings

Transdisciplinary diagnostic framework for biodiversity decision-making assessment. D1.7

This deliverable describes the process of developing a transdisciplinary diagnostic framework for biodiversity decision-making carried out in Work Package 1 (WP1) of the EU funded research project PLANET4B. The aim of the process was to help researchers and practitioners in our project become more conscious of the theoretical approaches and languages that may condition the interventions we study and the policy and additional recommendations that we make to societal actors. The starting proposition for this work was that we as PLANET4B partners come from a wide range of different disciplines and practices. Therefore, we needed a shared learning process of our different theoretical and practical lenses and languages. This is necessary to increase our potential as a project to design for transformational change in Work Packages to follow. We report on our testing of Meadows’ (1999) leverage points framework (LPF) as a potential shared conceptual language for transformational change across the places, actors and theories that situate both placebased and sectoral case studies in the project. We report on the opportunities and limitations of the LPF in connecting to (i) theories of change used by research partners in their cases, as well as (ii) bridging conceptually to other “integrating analytical approaches” where PLANET4B has partner expertise; namely “intersectionality analysis”, “discourse analysis” and “reflexivity-contextualisation of interventions”. The report recognises that these integrating approaches are but a subset of possible systems analysis tools in transformative change research. The process of understanding and applying Meadows’ (1999) leverage points framework achieved some shared language and understanding across research disciplines. It helped us to compare assumptions about transformative change across our different case studies. As such, we think we achieved the “process objective” of this initial stage of PLANET4B of using a common framework to diagnose our case studies. However, case studies and experts on other integrating analytical approaches identified several limitations of the LPF. Limitations include the LPF itself being a particular theoretical systems analysis lens which in some cases could exclude practitioners through its unfamiliar concepts. Furthermore, the LPF was identified as being ‘structuralist’ or ‘mechanistic’ in the particular way we tested it in our case studies, not addressing concepts such as agency, power and decision-making. It was critiqued for not being specific to decisions about biodiversity and the related nature values.publishedVersio

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio