Multilingual Natural Language Processing Model for Radiology Reports -- The Summary is all you need!

The impression section of a radiology report summarizes important radiology findings and plays a critical role in communicating these findings to physicians. However, the preparation of these summaries is time-consuming and error-prone for radiologists. Recently, numerous models for radiology report summarization have been developed. Nevertheless, there is currently no model that can summarize these reports in multiple languages. Such a model could greatly improve future research and the development of Deep Learning models that incorporate data from patients with different ethnic backgrounds. In this study, the generation of radiology impressions in different languages was automated by fine-tuning a model, publicly available, based on a multilingual text-to-text Transformer to summarize findings available in English, Portuguese, and German radiology reports. In a blind test, two board-certified radiologists indicated that for at least 70% of the system-generated summaries, the quality matched or exceeded the corresponding human-written summaries, suggesting substantial clinical reliability. Furthermore, this study showed that the multilingual model outperformed other models that specialized in summarizing radiology reports in only one language, as well as models that were not specifically designed for summarizing radiology reports, such as ChatGPT.Comment: Problems with the mode

Impact of changing climate on bryophyte contributions to terrestrial water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles

Bryophytes, including the lineages of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, are the second-largest photoautotroph group on Earth. Recent work across terrestrial ecosystems has highlighted how bryophytes retain and control water, fix substantial amounts of carbon (C), and contribute to nitrogen (N) cycles in forests (boreal, temperate, and tropical), tundra, peatlands, grasslands, and deserts. Understanding how changing climate affects bryophyte contributions to global cycles in different ecosystems is of primary importance. However, because of their small physical size, bryophytes have been largely ignored in research on water, C, and N cycles at global scales. Here, we review the literature on how bryophytes influence global biogeochemical cycles, and we highlight that while some aspects of global change represent critical tipping points for survival, bryophytes may also buffer many ecosystems from change due to their capacity for water, C, and N uptake and storage. However, as the thresholds of resistance of bryophytes to temperature and precipitation regime changes are mostly unknown, it is challenging to predict how long this buffering capacity will remain functional. Furthermore, as ecosystems shift their global distribution in response to changing climate, the size of different bryophyte-influenced biomes will change, resulting in shifts in the magnitude of bryophyte impacts on global ecosystem functions

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least 9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by 4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions

Miradas y voces de la Investigación Educativa IV : Instituciones y sistemas educativos. Innovación Educativa con miras a la justicia social. Aportes desde la Investigación Educativa

Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Sañudo Guerra, Lya. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Red de Posgrados en Educación AC; México

O processo de simplificação do livro de receitas

A receita culinária tem por objectivo apresentar os passos necessários à elaboração de determinado prato. É composta pela indicação dos ingredientes a utilizar e respectivas quantidades e pela sequência de determinadas acções para obtenção do resultado pretendido. Funciona como uma fórmula de produto que visa instruir quem se propõe chegar a um determinado resultado. A presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema que visa agilizar o processo de representação e assimilação da informação necessária para se fazer uma receita de culinária. Pretende igualmente analisar e enquadrar sistemas previamente implantados que partam dos mesmos princípios e que tenham os mesmos objectivos. Assim, tornam-se relevantes os métodos criados no passado que procuravam de forma icónica e sistematizada a transmissão de informação, nomeadamente o pictograma e a infografia. O conteúdo da presente dissertação está dividido em quatro fases: o enquadramento histórico, onde é analisada a história e evolução do livro de receitas de culinária, as consequências da emancipação feminina e a alteração dos hábitos de leitura originados pelo uso da internet; o enquadramento teórico, que analisa os principais conceitos e teorias associados ao tema da comunicação visual e culmina na análise das variáveis mais relevantes dos princípios da linguagem visual; o enquadramento prático, que incluí o estudo de casos onde o conceito de pictograma se desenvolveu e foi utilizado de forma consistente e a análise de um livro de receitas que recorre à infografia; e por fim é desenvolvido um projecto prático sustentado pela informação recolhida nas fases anteriores. O projecto tem por objectivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema que torne o livro de receitas culinárias mais simples e intuitivo

Neopopulismo Latinoamericano: ¿amenaza o evolución de la democracia?

Ha sido materia de debate reciente eltema del populismo en Latinoamérica,la discusión está en la boca de losdiferentes grupos sociales y entre losanálisis de actualidad política en la región.Sin embargo, no es el populismo un fenómeno nuevo para los latinoamericanosy los referentes históricosapuntan a que en la actualidad es solouna redefinición de un proceso queya se había asentado en los países. Laglobalización y sus implicaciones hanconfirmado que los problemas másdelicados se han profundizado, lo que ha dejado el espacio abierto para queel populismo, ahora como neopopulismo,recuperara su fuerza. El presenteescrito pretende describir sus supuestosteóricos pero, sobre todo, pretendemostrar su aplicación en países latinoamericanoscomo Venezuela y Bolivia,y su contraposición a los supuestosde la democracia liberal, de modoque se logre comprender su alcance enla evolución política latinoamericana.Populism has been a subject of recent debate in Latin America; it’s been discussed by different social groups and in between the recent political analysis in the region. However,populism is not a new phenomen on for Latin Americans. The historical references point that today’s populismit’s just a redefinition of what was already settled before in our countries. Globalization and it’s implication shave confirmed that the most delicate problems have become more serious, and they have left an open space for populism, nowk nown as neo-populism, to regainit’s strength. The following paper pretends to describe it’s theoretical assumptions, but above all, it hopes to show it’s application in Latin American countries like Venezuela and Bolivia, and it’s contrast to liberal democracy, in a way that it’s possible to understand it’s influence in the Latin American political evolution.

MedShapeNet -- A Large-Scale Dataset of 3D Medical Shapes for Computer Vision

16 pagesPrior to the deep learning era, shape was commonly used to describe the objects. Nowadays, state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from numerous shape-related publications in premier vision conferences as well as the growing popularity of ShapeNet (about 51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models). For the medical domain, we present a large collection of anatomical shapes (e.g., bones, organs, vessels) and 3D models of surgical instrument, called MedShapeNet, created to facilitate the translation of data-driven vision algorithms to medical applications and to adapt SOTA vision algorithms to medical problems. As a unique feature, we directly model the majority of shapes on the imaging data of real patients. As of today, MedShapeNet includes 23 dataset with more than 100,000 shapes that are paired with annotations (ground truth). Our data is freely accessible via a web interface and a Python application programming interface (API) and can be used for discriminative, reconstructive, and variational benchmarks as well as various applications in virtual, augmented, or mixed reality, and 3D printing. Exemplary, we present use cases in the fields of classification of brain tumors, facial and skull reconstructions, multi-class anatomy completion, education, and 3D printing. In future, we will extend the data and improve the interfaces. The project pages are: https://medshapenet.ikim.nrw/ and https://github.com/Jianningli/medshapenet-feedbac

MedShapeNet -- A Large-Scale Dataset of 3D Medical Shapes for Computer Vision

16 pagesPrior to the deep learning era, shape was commonly used to describe the objects. Nowadays, state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from numerous shape-related publications in premier vision conferences as well as the growing popularity of ShapeNet (about 51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models). For the medical domain, we present a large collection of anatomical shapes (e.g., bones, organs, vessels) and 3D models of surgical instrument, called MedShapeNet, created to facilitate the translation of data-driven vision algorithms to medical applications and to adapt SOTA vision algorithms to medical problems. As a unique feature, we directly model the majority of shapes on the imaging data of real patients. As of today, MedShapeNet includes 23 dataset with more than 100,000 shapes that are paired with annotations (ground truth). Our data is freely accessible via a web interface and a Python application programming interface (API) and can be used for discriminative, reconstructive, and variational benchmarks as well as various applications in virtual, augmented, or mixed reality, and 3D printing. Exemplary, we present use cases in the fields of classification of brain tumors, facial and skull reconstructions, multi-class anatomy completion, education, and 3D printing. In future, we will extend the data and improve the interfaces. The project pages are: https://medshapenet.ikim.nrw/ and https://github.com/Jianningli/medshapenet-feedbac

MedShapeNet -- A Large-Scale Dataset of 3D Medical Shapes for Computer Vision

16 pagesPrior to the deep learning era, shape was commonly used to describe the objects. Nowadays, state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from numerous shape-related publications in premier vision conferences as well as the growing popularity of ShapeNet (about 51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models). For the medical domain, we present a large collection of anatomical shapes (e.g., bones, organs, vessels) and 3D models of surgical instrument, called MedShapeNet, created to facilitate the translation of data-driven vision algorithms to medical applications and to adapt SOTA vision algorithms to medical problems. As a unique feature, we directly model the majority of shapes on the imaging data of real patients. As of today, MedShapeNet includes 23 dataset with more than 100,000 shapes that are paired with annotations (ground truth). Our data is freely accessible via a web interface and a Python application programming interface (API) and can be used for discriminative, reconstructive, and variational benchmarks as well as various applications in virtual, augmented, or mixed reality, and 3D printing. Exemplary, we present use cases in the fields of classification of brain tumors, facial and skull reconstructions, multi-class anatomy completion, education, and 3D printing. In future, we will extend the data and improve the interfaces. The project pages are: https://medshapenet.ikim.nrw/ and https://github.com/Jianningli/medshapenet-feedbac

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved