A ergonomia na concepção das novas telas do simulador do Laboratório Interfaces Homem Sistema. LABIHS, do Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear

A ergonomia de concepção pode ser definida como a elaboração de novos produtos, processos ou sistemas informatizados, enfatizando a aplicação dos conceitos ergonômicos, seguindo os padrões ergonômicos contidos nas normas, objetivando o desenvolvimento de sistemas seguros, funcionais, adaptáveis as necessidades dos usuários, propiciando o aumento da confiabilidade operacional e da segurança na realização das tarefas. O objetivo desse trabalho é propor e aplicar uma estrutura metodológica para avaliação e desenvolvimento de interfaces gráficas de salas de controle de reatores nucleares com enfoque centrado nos operadores, na atividade dos operadores e na tecnologia de ferramentas computacionais disponíveis para confecção dessas interfaces

Situação vacinal dos discentes da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF–MG

Health professionals are exposed to various occupational risks, with the greatest impact from biological hazards due to direct contact with potentially contaminated organic materials. Besides adopting universal biosafety measures, adequate immunization coverage must be achieved in this context, with educational initiatives playing a crucial role in the process. This was a cross-sectional observational study of undergraduates (n = 136) at the Medical School of the Federal University in Juiz de Fora to assess their immunization status and biological risk perceptions. Eighty-nine students (65.4%) reported a complete vaccination schedule. Ninety-seven (71.3%) had received full immunization against hepatitis B and 99 (72.8%) against tetanus. Eighty-six (63.2%) reported having received immunization advice during the course. Seventy-three (53.7%) had already been exposed to potentially contaminated material during their academic activities, and 97 (71.3%) used personal protective equipment (PPE) in these contexts. We identified missed immunization doses against hepatitis B and tetanus, a situation that exposes medical students to unnecessary risks. Immunization advice was insufficient. The significant rate of exposure to biological hazards and the unsatisfactory use of PPE call for greater attention to accident prevention.Os profissionais da área de saúde estão expostos a vários tipos de riscos ocupacionais, sendo o de maior impacto o risco biológico, devido ao contato direto com material orgânico potencialmente contaminado. A manutenção da situação vacinal atualizada é uma das ferramentas que devem ser empregadas neste contexto, além da adoção de medidas universais de biossegurança, sendo a educação fundamental neste processo. Avaliamos a situação vacinal e a percepção sobre risco biológico dos discentes da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF em estudo observacional transversal (n = 136 alunos). Oitenta e nove alunos (65,4%) referiram estar com o cartão vacinal atualizado. Noventa e sete alunos (71,3%) receberam o esquema da hepatite B, e 99 (72,8%) o do tétano. Oitenta e seis 86 alunos (63,2%) declararam ter recebido orientação sobre imunização durante o curso. Setenta e três alunos (53,7%) já foram expostos a material potencialmente contaminado em suas atividades acadêmicas, e 97 deles (71,3%) usam equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) nestas. Identificamos falhas na imunização (hepatite B e tétano), expondo os discentes a riscos desnecessários. A orientação relativa à imunização se mostrou insuficiente. A significativa taxa de exposição a risco biológico e o insatisfatório uso de EPIs verificados demandam maior atenção, a fim de prevenir acidentes

First-year experience of a Brazilian tertiary medical center in supporting severely ill patients using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this manuscript is to describe the first year of our experience using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. METHODS: Ten patients with severe refractory hypoxemia, two with associated severe cardiovascular failure, were supported using venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (eight patients) or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (two patients). RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 31 yr (range 14-71 yr). Their median simplified acute physiological score three (SAPS3) was 94 (range 84-118), and they had a median expected mortality of 95% (range 87-99%). Community-acquired pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (50%), followed by P. jiroveci pneumonia in two patients with AIDS (20%). Six patients were transferred from other ICUs during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, three of whom were transferred between ICUs within the hospital (30%), two by ambulance (20%) and one by helicopter (10%). Only one patient (10%) was anticoagulated with heparin throughout extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Eighty percent of patients required continuous venous-venous hemofiltration. Three patients (30%) developed persistent hypoxemia, which was corrected using higher positive end-expiratory pressure, higher inspired oxygen fractions, recruitment maneuvers, and nitric oxide. The median time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was five (range 3-32) days. The median length of the hospital stay was 31 (range 3-97) days. Four patients (40%) survived to 60 days, and they were free from renal replacement therapy and oxygen support. CONCLUSIONS: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in severely ill patients is possible in the presence of a structured team. Efforts must be made to recognize the necessity of extracorporeal respiratory support at an early stage and to prompt activation of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation team

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis

O presente estudo foi conduzido em quatro etapas, tendo os seguintes objetivos: 1) Avaliar o efeito da gravidade da doenca no desempenho diagnostico do tomografo de coerencia optica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT) Cirrus; 2) Estudar o efeito da gravidade da doenca e do tamanho do disco optico no desempenho diagnostico do RTVue SD-OCT; 3) Avaliar a concordancia entre o Cirrus, o RTVue e o Spectralis SD-OCTs para medidas de espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina (CFNR) peripapilar; e 4) Comparar o desempenho diagnostico desses instrumentos para deteccao de glaucoma. Na primeira etapa, foram incluidos 135 olhos com glaucoma e 79 olhos saudaveis. A gravidade da doenca foi quantificada utilizando-se o indice de campo visual (VFI; do ingles, Visual Field Index). A gravidade da doenca teve uma influencia significativa no desempenho diagnostico do instrumento. Para o parametro da medida global da CFNR peripapilar, as areas abaixo das curvas ROC (AUC) foram 0,962, 0,932, 0,886 e 0,822 para VFIs de 70%, 80%, 90% e 100%, respectivamente. Na segunda etapa, foram incluidos 193 olhos com glaucoma e 110 saudaveis. Os parametros da CFNR, do nervo optico e da macula foram obtidos usando o RTVue SD-OCT. Aumentando-se a gravidade da doenca, a acuracia diagnostica aumentou. Para um VFI de 99%, a AUC foi de 0,799, enquanto que para um VFI de 70%, indicando dano funcional avancado, a AUC foi de 0,985 para a medida da espessura da CFNR global. A area do disco optico nao influenciou a acuracia diagnostica de nenhum parametro estudado. Na terceira etapa, foram incluidos 88 olhos com glaucoma, 206 com suspeita da doenca e 36 olhos saudaveis. A concordancia entre o Cirrus, o RTVue e o Spectralis foi avaliada usando graficos de Bland e Altman. Apesar de mostrarem boa correlacao, os graficos de Bland e Altman mostraram a presenca de erro fixo e proporcional. De maneira geral, as medidas obtidas com o RTVue foram mais espessas quando comparadas as medidas obtidas com o Cirrus e Spectralis. Na quarta etapa, foram incluidos 126 olhos com glaucoma e 107 olhos saudaveis. Curvas ROC ajustadas por idade e raca foram construidas e as areas abaixo dessas curvas foram comparadas. Para o Cirrus e o RTVue, o parametro com a maior area abaixo da curva ROC foi o da medida global (Cirrus: 0,88; RTVue: 0,87). Para o Spectralis, o quadrante superior obteve maior area abaixo da curva ROC (0,88). Nao houve diferenca estatistica entre esses parametros nos tres instrumentos. Conclui-se que a gravidade da doenca teve influencia no diagnostico do glaucoma e deve ser considerada ao se interpretarem estudos que reportem a acuracia de testes diagnosticos em cenarios clinicos diferentes. Apesar das medidas de espessura da CFNR apresentarem pouca concordancia e nao serem intercambiaveis, o desempenho diagnostico foi semelhante para os tres instrumentos avaliadosBV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe