Saúde da população em situação de rua diante da pandemia da COVID-19: Health of population in street situation face the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to reflect on the health of the homeless population in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is a reflection study based on public policies and recent literature related to the theme. Results: the precarious living conditions of homeless people favor COVID-19, in addition to other diseases. The adoption of recommended protective measures to avoid COVID-19 is hardly feasible for this population. Therefore, immediate preventive actions are challenging, since they usually live in crowded environments, and many do not have the concrete and symbolic protection of a home. In view of the seriousness of the current situation, the emerging need for investment in a set of health protection measures accessible to this population is evident. Conclusion: Concern about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the homeless population should be a priority for health and social assistance policies. The multidisciplinary health team should seek action in this care space, through intersectoral actions that can promote care and social protection, during and after the pandemic.Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la salud de la población en situación de calle ante la pandemia del COVID-19. Métodos: se trata de un estudio de reflexión basado en políticas públicas y literatura reciente relacionada con el tema. Resultados: las precarias condiciones de vida de las personas sin hogar favorecen a la COVID 19, además de otras enfermedades. La adopción de las medidas de protección recomendadas para prevenir el COVID-19 no son factibles para esta población. Por lo tanto, las acciones preventivas inmediatas son un desafío, ya que tienden a vivir en entornos hacinados y muchos no tienen la protección concreta y simbólica de un hogar. Dada la gravedad de la situación actual, surge la necesidad emergente de invertir en un conjunto de medidas de protección de la salud accesibles a esta población. Conclusión: La preocupación por los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la población sin hogar debe ser una prioridad de las políticas de salud y asistencia social. El equipo multidisciplinario de salud deb e buscar actuar en este espacio de atención, a través de acciones intersectoriales que puedan promover el cuidado y la protección social, durante y después de la pandemia.Objetivo: refletir sobre a saúde da população em situação de rua diante da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de reflexão pautado nas políticas públicas e literaturas recentes relacionadas ao tema. Resultados: as precárias condições de vida das pessoas em situação de rua favorecem à COVID-19, além de outras doenças. A adoção de medidas de proteção recomendadas para evitar a COVID-19 são pouco viáveis para essa população. Portanto, as ações preventivas imediatas são desafiadoras, visto que costumam viver em ambientes aglomerados, e muitos não possuem a proteção concreta e simbólica de uma casa. Diante da gravidade da situação atual, evidencia-se a emergente necessidade do investimento em um conjunto de medidas de proteção à saúde acessíveis para essa população. Conclusão: A preocupação sobre os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a população em situação de rua deve ser prioridade das políticas de saúde e da assistência social. A equipe multidisciplinar de saúde deve buscar atuação neste espaço de cuidado, por meio de ações intersetoriais que possam promover cuidado e proteção social, durante e após a pandemia

EVALUATION OF THE PREDICTION OF BITCHES AND CATS TO BREAST NEOPLASM IN MUNICIPALITIES OF RIO DE JANEIRO

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores epidemiológicos que pudessem predispor os animais de companhia de municípios do Rio de Janeiro ao desenvolvimento do câncer de mama, bem como analisar a contribuição do médico-veterinário na prevenção da doença. Para isto, foram avaliados questionários respondidos por tutores em campanha de conscientização sobre o câncer de mama em cadelas e gatas para identificação de fatores predisponentes e de risco à doença, acesso aos cuidados veterinários e orientações sobre o tema. Foram analisados 1.143 questionários que revelaram a presença de fatores de alta predisposição como a predominância do sexo feminino, da espécie canina e de raças caninas de pequeno porte. Já a baixa média de idade da população estudada foi o único fator que indicou reduzida predisposição. Quanto aos fatores de risco analisados, a predominância de animais não castrados revelou alto risco de desenvolvimento da doença, enquanto a baixa ocorrência de gestação, pseudociese e de uso de contraceptivos não foram fatores de impacto nesta população. E ainda, apenas 29,3% dos tutores que levavam seus animais para atendimento veterinário foram orientados sobre a doença e/ou métodos preventivos como a castração. Conclui-se que a população analisada apresenta alta predisposição ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias mamárias, que deve-se intensificar a capacitação do médico-veterinário para incluir orientações preventivas durante as consultas, ampliar campanhas educativas sobre o tema e as castrações na região de Seropédica e arredores.This study aims to identify epidemiological factors that could predispose the companion animals of Seropédica and other cities in Rio de Janeiro to the development of breast cancer, as well as to analyze the veterinarian's contribution inpreventing the disease. For this, questionnaires answered by tutors in an awareness campaign about breast cancer in bitches and cats were evaluated to identifypredisposing factors and risk to the disease, access to veterinary care and guidance on the topic. 1,143 questionnaires were analyzed, which revealed the presence of highly predisposing factors such as the predominance of females, of the canine species and of small canine breeds. The low average age of the population studied was the only factor that indicated a low predisposition. As for the risk factors analyzed, the predominance of non-castrated animals revealed a high risk of developing the disease, while the low occurrence of pseudocyesis and the use of contraceptives were not impact factors in this population. In addition, only 29.3% of tutors who took their animals for veterinary care were instructed on the disease and / or preventive methods such as castration. It is concluded that the analyzed population has a high predisposition to the development of breast neoplasms, which should intensify the training of the veterinarian to include preventive guidance during consultations, expand educational campaigns on the subject and castrations in the region of Seropédica and surroundings

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Analisando as pesquisas em educação especial no Brasil Analysing research in special education in Brazil

Nosso objetivo foi examinar a articulação lógica entre o problema e a proposição teórico-metodológica das produções na área da Educação Especial, focando os seus pressupostos epistemológicos. Nos fundamentamos nos pressupostos das tendências empírico-analítica, fenomenológica-hermenêutica, crítico-dialética e do paradigma da complexidade. O procedimento adotado foi interpretar todas as dissertações/teses produzidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Educação Especial do Brasil, que versam sobre Educação Especial, produzidas nos anos de 2001, 2002 e 2003, disponíveis no banco de teses da CAPES. Encontramos as tendências empírica, fenomenológica e dialética. Os equívocos encontrados foram a não inserção da pesquisa entre as produções na área; ausência de criticidade; não posicionamento numa determinada concepção de educação; construção teórica fundamentada em concepções diferentes; falta de coerência nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos; não explicitação metodológica; não descrição dos procedimentos éticos; e má elaboração dos resumos. Concluímos pela necessidade da melhoria das dissertações/teses para que possamos avançar na produção de conhecimento na área da Educação Especial.<br>Our objective was to analyze the logical articulation between the problem and the theoretical-methodological proposal of studies in the field of Special Education, focusing on the epistemological issues. We based our study on the empiric-analytical tendencies, phenomenology-hermeneutic, critical-dialectical and the complexity paradigm. The procedure that was adopted was interpreting all dissertations/thesis produced in Post-Graduate programs in Education and Special Education in Brazil, which focus on Special Education, produced in 2001, 2002 and 2003, available online at CAPES' thesis database. We found empirical, phenomenological and dialectic tendencies. The errors encountered included the failure to include the research among the productions in the field; lack of critical approach; lack of making explicit what educational conception the study was based on; theoretical construction based on different conceptions; lack of coherence in the theoretical-methodological proposals; lack of methodological specification; absence of ethical procedural descriptions; and poorly written abstracts. We came to the conclusion that improvements in theses /dissertations are necessary so as to continually move forward in the production of knowledge in the field of Special Education

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved