Morphological evolution of the Spinosauridae Stromer, 1915 (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea) rostrum

Fósseis do clado Spinosauridae são reconhecidos dos paleoncontinentes Gondwana e Laurásia desde o Jurássico Superior (Thitoniano) até o Cretáceo Superior (Cenomaniano), com ampla distribuição paleobiogeográfica. Até a atualidade, 12 espécies foram descritas: (1) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus; (2) Siamosaurus suteethorni; (3) Baryonyx walkeri; (4) Spinosaurus maroccanus; (5) Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis; (6) Irritator challengeri; (7) Angaturama limai; (8) Cristatusaurus lapparenti; (9) Suchomimus tenerensis; (10) Oxalaia quilombensis; (11) Ichthyovenator laosensis; e (12) Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus. Além destes, diversos outros materiais são referidos na literatura sem uma identificação específica ou genérica precisa ou a níveis taxonômicos mais abrangentes. Pelo menos dez pré-maxilares foram descritos compondo 6 dos 11 gêneros da família: Angaturama, Baryonyx, Cristatusaurus, Oxalaia, Spinosaurus e Suchomimus. Através de morfometria geométrica analisou-se a variação morfológica nos pré-maxilares para verificar se a variabilidade observada pode ser explicada por fatores causais em um contexto macroevolutivo. Na projeção dos indivíduos no morfoespaço (PCA) em ambas as vistas, ventral e lateral, a forma dos pré-maxilares se estrutura de maneira compatível com a filogenia, sendo evidente uma diferenciação quanto à geometria do focinho entre as sub-famílias “Baryonychinae” e Spinosaurinae, sendo mais evidente quando observada a geometria das configurações em vista ventral. A congruência entre a forma e a filogenia pôde ser observada nas análises fenéticas de agrupamentos, bem como na análise das distâncias de Procrustes e energia de deformação das grades de deformação. A morfologia dos pré-maxilares em Spinosauridae apresenta variação bastante relevante e permitem diagnosticar alguns clados. Pela primeira vez esta porção da anatomia destes animais foi explorada quantitativamente por meio de morfometria geométrica, os reultados alcançados permitiram quantificar e descrever de maneira mais clara a variação observada. Constatou-se que algumas diferenças observadas entre as duas sub-famílias são devidas à alometria. Embora as relações internas de Spinosauridae permaneçam com algumas lacunas, o monofileticismo de Spinosaurinae foi corroborado em todas as análises quantitativas da forma aqui realizadas. Já Baryonychinae pode não constituir um grupo natural, embora as novas evidências apresentadas aqui não sejam conclusivas a esse respeito.Fossils of Spinosauridae are recognized from the paleoncontinents Gondwana and Laurasia from the Upper Jurassic (Thitonian) to the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian), with a wide paleobiogeographic distribution. To date, 12 species have been described: (1) Spinosaurus aegyptiacus; (2) Siamosaurus suteethorni; (3) Baryonyx walkeri; (4) Spinosaurus maroccanus; (5) Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis; (6) Irritator challengeri; (7) Angaturama limai; (8) Cristatusaurus lapparenti; (9) Suchomimus tenerensis; (10) Oxalaia quilombensis; (11) Ichthyovenator laosensis; and (12) Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus. In addition, several other materials are reported in the literature without specific or generic identification or at the broader taxonomic levels. At least 10 premaxillae were described composing 6 of the 11 genera of the family: Angaturama, Baryonyx, Cristatusaurus, Oxalaia, Spinosaurus and Suchomimus. Through geometric morphometry the morphological variation in the premaxilla was analyzed to verify if the observed variability can be explained by causal factors in a macroevolutionary context. In the projection of individuals in the morphospace (PCA) in both ventral and lateral views, the premaxilla shape is structured in a manner compatible with the phylogeny, being evident a differentiation in the geometry of the snout between the subfamilies "Baryonychinae" and Spinosaurinae, being more evident when observing the geometry of the configurations in ventral view. The congruence between shape and phylogeny could be observed in the cluster analysis, as well as in the analysis of the distances of Procrustes and bending energy of the deformation grids. The morphology of the premaxillaries in Spinosauridae presents a very relevant variation and allows to diagnose some clades. For the first time this portion of the anatomy of these animals was explored quantitatively by geometric morphometrics, the obtained results allowed to quantify and to describe more clearly the observed variation. It was found that some observed differences between the two subfamilies are due to allometry. Although the internal relations of Spinosauridae remains with some gaps, the monophyleticism of Spinosaurinae has been corroborated in all quantitative analyzes of the form performed here. Baryonychinae may not constitute a natural group, although the new evidence presented here is not conclusive in this regard.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

On a new Melanosuchus species (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) from Solimões Formation (Eocene-Pliocene), Northern Brazil, and evolution of Caimaninae

Souza-Filho, Jonas Pereira De, Guilherme, Edson, Toledo, Peter Mann De, Carvalho, Ismar De Souza, Negri, Francisco Ricardo, Maciente, Andréa Aparecida Da Rocha, Cidade, Giovanne M., Lacerda, Mauro Bruno Da Silva, Souza, Lucy Gomes De (2020): On a new Melanosuchus species (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) from Solimões Formation (Eocene-Pliocene), Northern Brazil, and evolution of Caimaninae. Zootaxa 4894 (4): 561-593, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4894.4.

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Exílio escravista: Hercule Florence e as fronteiras do açúcar e do café no Oeste paulista (1830-1879)

RESUMO O artigo investiga a trajetória do artista e inventor Antonie Hercule Romuald Florence (1804-1879) na sociedade escravista brasileira do século XIX, procurando examinar os fundamentos do "sentimento de exílio" que marcou sua longa vivência no Oeste de São Paulo. Na primeira parte, trato Florence como um observador das paisagens escravistas do açúcar e do café. A série de desenhos e aquarelas que compôs sobre a fazenda Ibicaba e o engenho da Cachoeira nos permite observar como ele apreendeu os processos concretos de transformação agrária e ambiental da fronteira escravista de São Paulo. Na segunda parte, analiso a conversão de Florence em cafeicultor escravista, momento em ele assumiu por razões familiares a gestão de uma propriedade cafeeira com trinta escravos no município de Campinas

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved