Sex differences in risk factors for coronary heart disease: a study in a Brazilian population

BACKGROUND: In Brazil coronary heart disease (CHD) constitutes the most important cause of death in both sexes in all the regions of the country and interestingly, the difference between the sexes in the CHD mortality rates is one of the smallest in the world because of high rates among women. Since a question has been raised about whether or how the incidence of several CHD risk factors differs between the sexes in Brazil the prevalence of various risk factors for CHD such as high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and cigarette smoking was compared between the sexes in a Brazilian population; also the relationships between blood cholesterol and the other risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: The population presented high frequencies of all the risk factors evaluated. High blood cholesterol (CHOL) and hypertension were more prevalent among women as compared to men. Hypertension, diabetes and smoking showed equal or higher prevalence in women in pre-menopausal ages as compared to men. Obesity and physical inactivity were equally prevalent in both sexes respectively in the postmenopausal age group and at all ages. CHOL was associated with BMI, sex, age, hypertension and physical inactivity. CONCLUSIONS: In this population the high prevalence of the CHD risk factors indicated that there is an urgent need for its control; the higher or equal prevalences of several risk factors in women could in part explain the high rates of mortality from CHD in females as compared to males

Effect of synbiotic supplementation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by excessive activation of immune processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on the inflammatory response in children/adolescents with CF. SUBJECTS/METHODS:A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical-trial was conducted with control group (CG, n = 17), placebo-CF-group (PCFG, n = 19), synbiotic CF-group (SCFG, n = 22), PCFG negative (n = 8) and positive (n = 11) bacteriology, and SCFG negative (n = 12) and positive (n = 10) bacteriology. Markers of lung function (FEV1), nutritional status [body mass index-for age (BMI/A), height-for-age (H/A), weight-for-age (W/A), upper-arm fat area (UFA), upper-arm muscle area (UMA), body fat (%BF)], and inflammation [interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx)] were evaluated before and after 90-day of supplementation with a synbiotic. RESULTS:No significance difference was found between the baseline and end evaluations of FEV1 and nutricional status markers. A significant interaction (time vs. group) was found for IL-12 (p = 0.010) and myeloperoxidase (p = 0.036) between PCFG and SCFG, however, the difference was not maintained after assessing the groups individually. NOx diminished significantly after supplementation in the SCFG (p = 0.030). In the SCFG with positive bacteriology, reductions were found in IL-6 (p = 0.033) and IL-8 (p = 0.009) after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Synbiotic supplementation shown promise at diminishing the pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8 in the SCFG with positive bacteriology and NOx in the SCFG in children/adolescents with CF

Matsigenka

Está concebido como un texto de referencia para el uso adecuado de las grafías del alfabeto oficial en cada una del Matsigenka. El contenido, esquema final y título fue elaborado de manera participativa con estudiantes, dirigentes, representantes de las organizaciones indígenas de los pueblos involucrados, sabios y sabias de las comunidades y especialistas de educación intercultural bilingüe —todos ellos hablantes de su lengua y conocedores de su cultura—, y con el asesoramiento de lingüistas y educadores en distintos talleres organizados por la DIGEIBIR. Lo señalado ha permitido que cada texto refleje aquellos aspectos de mayor interés e importancia. El objetivo de este material es ayudar a lograr utilizar adecuadamente el alfabeto oficial de tu lengua, y puedas producir y comprender textos escritos con él, respetando las variedades dialectales

Supplement: "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914" (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)

This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands

MANEJO DOS TUMORES HIPOFISÁRIOS CLINICAMENTE NÃO FUNCIONANTES AGRESSIVOS

A glândula hipófise desempenha um papel vital no controle de diversas funções do organismo, regulando a secreção de hormônios importantes. Os tumores hipofisários, apesar de sua relativamente baixa incidência na população em geral, representam um desafio significativo no campo da neuroendocrinologia e da neurocirurgia. Entre esses tumores, uma categoria que tem despertado crescente atenção e preocupação é a dos tumores hipofisários clinicamente não-funcionantes agressivos (THNFA). Objetivo: Analisar as Abordagens Terapêuticas e Tratamento dos tumores hipofisários clinicamente não-funcionantes agressivos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa realizado com base no levantamento bibliográfico nas bases científicas: LILACS e SciELO. Resultados e Discussões: Os resultados mostram que a radioterapia, em particular a radiocirurgia estereotáxica, é eficaz na estabilização do tamanho tumoral e na preservação da função visual em pacientes com compressão do quiasma óptico. Além disso, a radioterapia pode ser usada como terapia adjuvante após a cirurgia para reduzir o risco de recorrência. A terapia farmacológica desempenha um papel complementar no tratamento de THNFAs agressivas. Embora esses tumores não secretem hormônios em excesso, alguns deles expressam receptores de hormônios hipofisários, como o receptor de somatostatina e o receptor de dopamina. Conclusão: Os resultados desta análise destacam a importância da colaboração entre equipes multidisciplinares, que incluem neurocirurgiões, endocrinologistas, radioterapeutas e oncologistas, para garantir o melhor atendimento possível a esses pacientes desafiadores. À medida que avançamos, a pesquisa translacional e clínica continuará a desempenhar um papel crucial na identificação de novas estratégias terapêuticas e na melhoria dos resultados clínicos para aqueles que enfrentam os THNFAs agressivos