509 research outputs found
An S-shaped outflow from IRAS 03256+3055 in NGC 1333
The IRAS source 03256+3055 in the NGC 1333 star forming region is associated
with extended sub-millimeter emission of complex morphology, showing multiple
clumps. One of these is found to coincide with the driving source of a bipolar
jet of S-shaped morphology seen in the emission lines of H_alpha and [SII] as
well as in the H2 emission lines in the K-band. Detailed images of the driving
source at the wavelengths of H_alpha and [SII] and in the I, J, H, and K bands
as well as a K-band spectrum and polarimetry are discussed. The near-infrared
morphology is characterized by a combination of line emission from the jet and
scattered light from a source with a steep continuum spectrum. The morphology
and proper motion of the jet are discussed in the context of a binary system
with a precessing disk. We conclude that the molecular core associated with
IRAS 03256+3055 consists of several clumps, only one of which shows evidence of
recent star formation at optical and near-infrared wavelengths.We also briefly
discuss a second, newly found near-infrared source associated with a compact
sub-millimeter continuum source near IRAS 03256+3055, and conclude that this
source may be physically unrelated the cluster of molecular clumps.Comment: 25 pages, including 5 figures. Accepted for publication in The
Astronomical Journa
Using radium isotopes to characterize water ages and coastal mixing rates: A sensitivity analysis
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W., 2006, PAPERS SUMMER UNDERG, P51 Taniguchi M, 2003, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V66, P35, DOI 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006090.25949.8d Taylor J. R., 1997, INTRO ERROR ANAL, P160 Turner IL, 1997, J COASTAL RES, V13, P46 Weinstein Y., 2006, RADIOACT ENV, V8, P360, DOI DOI 10.1016/S1569-4860(05)08029-0 Windom HL, 2006, MAR CHEM, V102, P252, DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016 Knee, Karen L. Garcia-Solsona, Ester Garcia-Orellana, Jordi Boehm, Alexandria B. Paytan, Adina 4 AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY WACO LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METHNumerous studies have used naturally occurring Ra isotopes (Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228, with half-lives of 11.4 d, 3.7 d, 1600 y, and 5.8 y, respectively) to quantify water mass ages, coastal ocean mixing rates, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Using Monte Carlo models, this study investigated how uncertainties in Ra isotope activities and the derived activity ratios (AR) arising from analytical uncertainty and natural variability affect the uncertainty associated with Ra-derived water ages and eddy diffusion coefficients, both of which can be used to calculate SGD. Analytical uncertainties associated with Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228 activities were reported in most published studies to be less than 10% of sample activity; those reported for Ra-223 ranged from 7% to 40%. Relative uncertainty related to natural variability-estimated from the variability in Ra-223 and Ra-224 activities of replicate field samples-ranged from 15% to 50% and was similar for Ra-223 activity, Ra-224 activity, and the Ra-224/Ra-223 AR. Our analysis revealed that AR-based water ages shorter than 3-5 d often have relative uncertainties greater than 100%, potentially limiting their utility. Uncertainties in eddy diffusion coefficients estimated based on cross-shore gradients in short-lived Ra isotope activity were greater when fewer points were used to determine the linear trend, when the coefficient of determination (R-2) was low, and when Ra-224, rather than Ra-223, was used. By exploring the uncertainties associated with Ra-derived water ages and eddy diffusion coefficients, this study will enable researchers to apply these methods more effectively and to reduce uncertainty
An Optical Study of BG Geminorum: An Ellipsoidal Binary with an Unseen Primar Star
We describe optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the bright
variable BG Geminorum. Optical photometry shows a pronounced ellipsoidal
variation of the K0 I secondary, with amplitudes of ~0.5 mag at VRI and a
period of 91.645 days. A deep primary eclipse is visible for wavelengths <
4400A; a shallower secondary eclipse is present at longer wavelengths. Eclipse
timings and the radial velocity curve of the K0 secondary star indicate an
interacting binary where a lobe-filling secondary, M_2 ~ 0.5 Msun, transfers
material into a extended disk around a massive primary, M_1 ~ 4.5 Msun. The
primary star is either an early B-type star or a black hole. If it did contain
a black hole, BG Gem would be the longest period black hole binary known by a
factor of 10, as well as the only eclipsing black hole binary system.Comment: 27 pages, includes 8 figures and 5 tables, accepted to A
The Properties of X-ray Luminous Young Stellar Objects in the NGC 1333 and Serpens Embedded Clusters
We present Chandra X-ray data of the NGC 1333 embedded cluster, combining
these data with existing Chandra data, Sptizer photometry and ground based
spectroscopy of both the NGC 1333 & Serpens North clusters to perform a
detailed study of the X-ray properties of two of the nearest embedded clusters
to the Sun. In NGC 1333, a total of 95 cluster members are detected in X-rays,
of which 54 were previously identified with Spitzer. Of the Spitzer sources, we
detect 23% of the Class I protostars, 53% of the Flat Spectrum sources, 52% of
the Class II, and 50% of the Transition Disk YSOs. Forty-one Class III members
of the cluster are identified, bringing the total identified YSO population to
178. The X-ray Luminosity Functions (XLFs) of the NGC 1333 and Serpens clusters
are compared to each other and the Orion Nebula Cluster. Based on this
comparison, we obtain a new distance for the Serpens cluster of 360+22/-13 pc.
The X-ray luminosity was found to depend on the bolometric luminosity as in
previous studies of other clusters, and that Lx depends primarily on the
stellar surface area. In the NGC 1333 cluster, the Class III sources have a
somewhat higher X-ray luminosity for a given surface area. We also find
evidence in NGC 1333 for a jump in the X-ray luminosity between spectral types
of M0 and K7, we speculate that this may result from the presence of radiative
zones in the K-stars. The gas column density vs. extinction in the NGC 1333 was
found to be N_H = 0.89 +/- 0.13 x 10^22 A_K, this is lower than expected of the
standard ISM but similar to that found previously in the Serpens Cloud Core.Comment: 58 pages, 14 figures, accepted by A
The relation between 13CO(2-1) line width in molecular clouds and bolometric luminosity of associated IRAS sources
We search for evidence of a relation between properties of young stellar
objects (YSOs) and their parent molecular clouds to understand the initial
conditions of high-mass star formation. A sample of 135 sources was selected
from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Point Source Catalog, on the
basis of their red color to enhance the possibility of discovering young
sources. Using the Kolner Observatorium fur SubMillimeter Astronomie (KOSMA)
3-m telescope, a single-point survey in 13CO(2-1) was carried out for the
entire sample, and 14 sources were mapped further. Archival mid-infrared (MIR)
data were compared with the 13CO emissions to identify evolutionary stages of
the sources. A 13CO observed sample was assembled to investigate the
correlation between 13CO line width of the clouds and the luminosity of the
associated YSOs. We identified 98 sources suitable for star formation analyses
for which relevant parameters were calculated. We detected 18 cores from 14
mapped sources, which were identified with eight pre-UC HII regions and one UC
HII region, two high-mass cores earlier than pre-UC HII phase, four possible
star forming clusters, and three sourceless cores. By compiling a large (360
sources) 13CO observed sample, a good correlation was found between the 13CO
line width of the clouds and the bolometric luminosity of the associated YSOs,
which can be fitted as a power law: lg(dV13/km/s)=-0.023+0.135lg(Lbol/Lsolar).
Results show that luminous (>10^3Lsolar) YSOs tend to be associated with both
more massive and more turbulent (dV13>2km/s) molecular cloud structures.Comment: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics; this version: sent to
publisher; 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 1 online appendi
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: Evidence for radiative heating in Serpens MWC 297 and its influence on local star formation
We present SCUBA-2 450micron and 850micron observations of the Serpens MWC
297 region, part of the JCMT Gould Belt Survey of nearby star-forming regions.
Simulations suggest that radiative feedback influences the star-formation
process and we investigate observational evidence for this by constructing
temperature maps. Maps are derived from the ratio of SCUBA-2 fluxes and a two
component model of the JCMT beam for a fixed dust opacity spectral index of
beta = 1.8. Within 40 of the B1.5Ve Herbig star MWC 297, the submillimetre
fluxes are contaminated by free-free emission with a spectral index of
1.03+-0.02, consistent with an ultra-compact HII region and polar winds/jets.
Contamination accounts for 73+-5 per cent and 82+-4 per cent of peak flux at
450micron and 850micron respectively. The residual thermal disk of the star is
almost undetectable at these wavelengths. Young Stellar Objects are confirmed
where SCUBA-2 850micron clumps identified by the fellwalker algorithm coincide
with Spitzer Gould Belt Survey detections. We identify 23 objects and use Tbol
to classify nine YSOs with masses 0.09 to 5.1 Msun. We find two Class 0, one
Class 0/I, three Class I and three Class II sources. The mean temperature is
15+-2K for the nine YSOs and 32+-4K for the 14 starless clumps. We observe a
starless clump with an abnormally high mean temperature of 46+-2K and conclude
that it is radiatively heated by the star MWC 297. Jeans stability provides
evidence that radiative heating by the star MWC 297 may be suppressing clump
collapse.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, 7 table
A Spitzer IRS Survey of NGC 1333: Insights into disk evolution from a very young cluster
We report on the {\lambda} = 5-36{\mu}m Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra
of 79 young stellar objects in the very young nearby cluster NGC 1333. NGC
1333's youth enables the study of early protoplanetary disk properties, such as
the degree of settling as well as the formation of gaps and clearings. We
construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using our IRS data as well as
published photometry and classify our sample into SED classes. Using
"extinction-free" spectral indices, we determine whether the disk, envelope, or
photosphere dominates the spectrum. We analyze the dereddened spectra of
objects which show disk dominated emission using spectral indices and
properties of silicate features in order to study the vertical and radial
structure of protoplanetary disks in NGC 1333. At least nine objects in our
sample of NGC 1333 show signs of large (several AU) radial gaps or clearings in
their inner disk. Disks with radial gaps in NGC 1333 show more-nearly pristine
silicate dust than their radially continuous counterparts. We compare
properties of disks in NGC 1333 to those in three other well studied regions,
Taurus-Auriga, Ophiuchus and Chamaeleon I, and find no difference in their
degree of sedimentation and dust processing.Comment: 67 pages, 20 figures, accepted to The Astrophysical Journal
Supplement Serie
The Spitzer Survey of Interstellar Clouds in the Gould Belt. III. A Multi-Wavelength View of Corona Australis
We present Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS observations of a 0.85 deg^2
field including the Corona Australis (CrA) star-forming region. At a distance
of 130 pc, CrA is one of the closest regions known to be actively forming
stars, particularly within its embedded association, the Coronet. Using the
Spitzer data, we identify 51 young stellar objects (YSOs) in CrA which include
sources in the well-studied Coronet cluster as well as distributed throughout
the molecular cloud. Twelve of the YSOs discussed are new candidates, one of
which is located in the Coronet. Known YSOs retrieved from the literature are
also added to the list, and a total of 116 candidate YSOs in CrA are compiled.
Based on these YSO candidates, the star formation rate is computed to be 12 M_o
Myr^-1, similar to that of the Lupus clouds. A clustering analysis was also
performed, finding that the main cluster core, consisting of 68 members, is
elongated (having an aspect ratio of 2.36), with a circular radius of 0.59 pc
and mean surface density of 150 pc^-2.
In addition, we analyze outflows and jets in CrA by means of new CO and H_2
data. We present 1.3 mm interferometric continuum observations made with the
Submillimeter Array (SMA) covering R CrA, IRS 5, IRS 7, and IRAS 18595-3712
(IRAS 32). We also present multi-epoch H_2 maps and detect jets and outflows,
study their proper motions, and identify exciting sources. The Spitzer and
ISAAC/VLT observations of IRAS 32 show a bipolar precessing jet, which drives a
CO (2-1) outflow detected in the SMA observations. There is also clear evidence
for a parsec-scale precessing outflow, E-W oriented, and originating in the SMA
2 region, likely driven by SMA 2 or IRS 7A.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJS. 112 pages, 42 figures (quality
reduced), 13 tables. Full resolution version can be found at
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~dpeterson/CrA/CrA_highres.pd
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at the Auriga–California Molecular Cloud with SCUBA-2
We present 850 and 450 μm observations of the dense regions within the Auriga–California molecular cloud using SCUBA-2 as part of the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey to identify candidate protostellar objects, measure the masses of their circumstellar material (disk and envelope), and compare the star formation to that in the Orion A molecular cloud. We identify 59 candidate protostars based on the presence of compact submillimeter emission, complementing these observations with existing Herschel/SPIRE maps. Of our candidate protostars, 24 are associated with young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Spitzer and Herschel/PACS catalogs of 166 and 60 YSOs, respectively (177 unique), confirming their protostellar nature. The remaining 35 candidate protostars are in regions, particularly around LkHα 101, where the background cloud emission is too bright to verify or rule out the presence of the compact 70 μm emission that is expected for a protostellar source. We keep these candidate protostars in our sample but note that they may indeed be prestellar in nature. Our observations are sensitive to the high end of the mass distribution in Auriga–Cal. We find that the disparity between the richness of infrared star-forming objects in Orion A and the sparsity in Auriga–Cal extends to the submillimeter, suggesting that the relative star formation rates have not varied over the Class II lifetime and that Auriga–Cal will maintain a lower star formation efficiency
Chandra Study of Young Stellar Objects in the NGC 1333 Star-forming Cloud
NGC 1333, a highly active star formation region within the Perseus molecular
cloud complex, has been observed with the ACIS-I detector on board the Chandra
X-ray Observatory. In our image with a sensitivity limit of ~ 1e28 erg/s, we
detect 127 X-ray sources, of which, 95 are known cluster members. The X-ray
luminosity function of the discovered YSO population spans a range of
1e28-3.2e31 erg/s in the 0.5-8 keV band. Comparison with K-band source counts
indicates that we detect all of the known cluster members with K < 12, and
about half of members with K > 12. We detect seven X-ray emitting YSOs which
drive optically visible jets as well as one deeply embedded object that has not
been detected in near-IR observations. The presence or absence of an outflows
does not appear to produce any difference in X-ray properties of YSOs. We also
find no systematic differences in X-ray luminosity distributions between two
complete subsamples of CTTs and WTTs. That suggests that there is no difference
in the astrophysical mechanism of WTT and CTT X-ray emission production.
Additional results include: the X-ray emission from two late-B stars which
illuminate the reflection nebula originates from unresolved late-type
companions; two T Tauri stars are discovered as previously unknown components
of visual binaries; and the X-ray counterpart of SVS 16 has the column density
much lower than that expected from near-IR photometry and thus its X-ray
luminosity is not anomalously high, as has been previously suggested.Comment: 53 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. To appear in the Astrophysical
Journal; scheduled for 2002, ApJ, 575 (August 10th). High quality copy
available at ftp://ftp.astro.psu.edu/pub/gkosta/ngc1333
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