5 research outputs found
The North Atlantic pact
- Author
- Publication venue
- Boston University
- Publication date
- 01/01/1950
- Field of study
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityIt is a very difficult task to say what the North Atlantic Pact will finally mean because it will change with experience and circumstances. At this stage this giant is still in the process of being nourished and in the dormant stage. However, it will have a distinct influence in the civilization in general and to its signatories in particular. The nations which have adopted the Pact will have to sacrifice their additional national manpower, resources, and wealth. It may create an international peace or war, who can answer? Only time will tell.
The primary aim of the student in the thesis was to consider the North Atlantic Pact from the point of view of a military alliance and its place in the power politics in the United Nations
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- Author
- Abbasalizad-Farhangi Mahdieh
- Abbasi Masoumeh
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdoli Amir
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abebe Nebiyu Dereje
- Abebo Teshome Abuka
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Adabi Maryam
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adema Bereket Duko
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Aduroja Posi Emmanuel
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Sepideh
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Rushdia
- Ajumobi Olufemi
- Akal Chalachew Genet
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alam Samiah
- Alamene Genet Melak
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir
- Ali Muhammad
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almasi Afshin
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Altirkawi Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amegah Adeladza Kofi
- Amini Saeed
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever Loreche
- Anber Nahla Hamed
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anteneh Zelalem Alamrew
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Araya Ephrem Mebrahtu
- Arefi Zohreh
- Aremu Olatunde
- Arnedo Carlos Alberto Marrugo
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Asante Kwaku Oppong
- Asgari Samaneh
- Asghari Babak
- Ashagre Alebachew Fasil
- Asrat Anemaw A.
- Ataeinia Bahar
- Atalay Hagos Tasew
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh’d Wahbi
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avokpaho Euripide F. G. A.
- Awasthi Ashish
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Yared A. Asmare
- Azadmehr Abbas
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bahrami Mohamad Amin
- Baig Atif Amin A.
- Bakhtiari Ahad
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- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balalami Nader Jafari
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- Baradaran-Seyed Zahra
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barua Lingkan
- Basaleem Huda
- Basu Sanjay
- Bayati Mohsen
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- Baynes Habtamu Wondifraw
- Bedi Neeraj
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Behzadifar Meysam
- Bekele Yibeltal Alemu
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Berbada Dessalegn Ajema
- Berhe Abadi Kidanemariam
- Berhe Kidanemaryam
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- Bhageerathy Reshmi
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- Bhattacharjee Natalia V.
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- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bilano Ver
- Bililign Nigus
- Birara Setognal
- Birhane Minuye Biniam Biniam
- Birhanu Minyichil
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- Bitew Zebenay Workneh
- Bogale Kassawmar Angaw
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Boloor Archith
- Borzouei Shiva
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- Brady Oliver J.
- Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
- Braithwaite Dejana
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- Britton Gabrielle
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- Busse Reinhard
- Butt Zahid A.
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R.
- Cano Jorge
- Car Josip
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- Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio
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- Castro Franz
- Cerin Ester
- Chansa Collins
- Charan Jaykaran
- Chatterjee Pranab
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chauhan Bal Govind
- Chavshin Ali Reza
- Chehrazi Mohammad
- Chichiabellu Tesfaye Yitna
- Chin Ken Lee
- Christopher Devasahayam J.
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Cicuttini Flavia M.
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- Cork Michael A.
- Cormier Natalie
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Costa Vera M.
- Cousin Ewerton
- Cámera Luis Alberto
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- Dadi Abel Fekadu Fekadu
- Dagnew Baye
- Dahlawi Saad M. A.
- Damiani Giovanni
- Darwesh Aso Mohammad
- Darwish Amira Hamed
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- Das Jai K.
- Davis Weaver Nicole
- de Hidru Hagos D.
- Demeke Feleke Mekonnen
- Demis Asmamaw Bizuneh
- Demissie Dereje Bayissa
- Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
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- Diaz Daniel
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- Duncan Bruce B.
- Durães Andre R.
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- Earl Lucas
- Eftekhari Aziz
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- El Sayed Zaki Maysaa
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- Fernandes Eduarda
- Fernandes João C.
- Feyissa Garumma Tolu
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- Fischer Florian
- Flohr Carsten
- Foigt Nataliya A.
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
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- Gill Tiffany K.
- Ginawi Ibrahim Abdelmageed
- Goli Srinivas
- Gomes Nelson G. M.
- Gopalani Sameer Vali
- Goudarzi Houman
- Goulart Alessandra C.
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- Haj-Mirzaian Arvin
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- Hamidi Yadollah
- Handiso Demelash Woldeyohannes
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- Hasan Md. Mehedi
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- Horino Masako
- Hossain Naznin
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- Hostiuc Sorin
- Househ Mowafa
- Hsairi Mohamed
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- Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel
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- Iqbal Usman
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- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
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- Iwu Chinwe Juliana
- Izadi Neda
- Jaafari Jalil
- Jabbari Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
- Jaca Anelisa
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- Jafarinia Morteza
- Jahani Mohammad Ali
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- Jürisson Mikk
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- Kahsay Amaha
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- Kalani Hamed
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- Kalhori Reza Pourmirza
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- Kapil Umesh
- Kapoor Neeti
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- Karim Mohd A.
- Karki Surendra
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- Kasaeian Amir
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- Kasaye Habtamu Kebebe
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- Ketema Daniel Bekele
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
- Khaksarian Mojtaba
- Khalid Nauman
- Khalil Ibrahim A.
- Khalilov Rovshan
- Khan Asad
- Khan Ejaz Ahmad
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- Khatab Khaled
- Khater Amir
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- Liu Shiwei
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- Madadin Mohammed
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- Mekonnen Fantahun Ayenew
- Mekonnen Teferi
- Meles Gebrekiros Gebremichael
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- Sabde Yogesh Damodar
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- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
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- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
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- Shahabi Saeed
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shalash Ali S.
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- Sharafi Kiomars
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- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
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- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Siddiqi Tariq J.
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
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- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
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- Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha
- Tekulu Gebretsadkan Hintsa
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thomas Nihal
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tlaye Kenean Getaneh
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Toroudi Hamidreza Pazoki
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Traini Eugenio
- Tran Khanh Bao
- Tripathi Manjari
- Uddin Riaz
- Ullah Irfan
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Useh Ushotanefe
- Usman Muhammad Shariq
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vacante Marco
- Vaezghasemi Masoud
- Valdez Pascual R.
- VanderHeide John
- Varavikova Elena
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Vecchia Carlo La
- Veisani Yousef
- Venkatesh Srinivasaraghavan
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Verma Madhur
- Vidale Simone
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollmer Sebastian
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wang Haidong
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Werdecker Andrea
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wolde Haileab Fekadu
- Wondafrash Dawit Zewdu
- Wonde Tewodros Eshete
- Wondmieneh Adam Belay
- Wu Ai-Min
- Xu Gelin
- Yadegar Abbas
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yeshaw Yigizie
- Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Youm Yoosik
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousof Hebat-Allah Salah A.
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaki Leila
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zepro Nejimu Biza
- Zerfu Taddese Alemu
- Zewale Taye Abuhay
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Xiu-Ju
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zomorodian Kamiar
- Zotor Francis Bruno
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Publication venue
- Nature Research
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic
MAPPING LOCAL PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND WASTING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2017
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 20/04/2020
- Field of study
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abbas Mosapour (9154247)
- Abdallah M Samy (8383428)
- Abdullah A Mamun (8383290)
- Abdur Razzaque Sarker (7542854)
- Aberash Abay Tassew (6388094)
- Achala Upendra Jayatilleke (8673930)
- Addisu Melese (4766802)
- Adnan Kisa (6419198)
- Adrian Pana (5814992)
- Afsaneh Arzani (9153932)
- Agus Sudaryanto (1979845)
- Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan (9154253)
- Ahmad Daryani (3922976)
- Ahmad Ghashghaee (9154076)
- Ahmed Abdelalim (8673294)
- Ahmed I Hasaballah (9154109)
- Ahmed Omar Bali (9154271)
- Ai Koyanagi (430702)
- Ai-Min Wu (561245)
- Aisha Elsharkawy (9154031)
- Ajay Patle (8674287)
- Aklilu Endalamaw (5437283)
- Akram Pourshams (63963)
- Alaa Badawi (521535)
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- Aleksandra Barac (8673444)
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- Ali Bijani (8383632)
- Ali H Mokdad (8383332)
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods: We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings: The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation: By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abbas Mosapour (9154247)
- Abdallah M Samy (8383428)
- Abdullah A Mamun (8383290)
- Abdur Razzaque Sarker (7542854)
- Aberash Abay Tassew (6388094)
- Achala Upendra Jayatilleke (8673930)
- Addisu Melese (4766802)
- Adnan Kisa (6419198)
- Adrian Pana (5814992)
- Afsaneh Arzani (9153932)
- Agus Sudaryanto (1979845)
- Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan (9154253)
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- Ahmad Ghashghaee (9154076)
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 06/05/2020
- Field of study
Background: Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods: We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings: The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation: By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation