Variability of atmospheric dimethylsulphide over the southern Indian Ocean due to changes in ultraviolet radiation

Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is a climatically important component of global biogeochemical cycles, through its role in the sulphur cycle. Changes in ultraviolet radiation (UV) exhibit both positive and negative forcings on the dynamics of production and turnover of DMS and its precursor dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP). In this study we investigate the net forcing of UV on atmospheric DMS. The work is based on a 10-year record of observed DMS at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean, and satellite-based retrievals of surface UV and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The results show an inverse relationship between UV radiation and atmospheric DMS associated with extreme changes (defined as the greatest 5%) in daily UV, independent of changes in wind speed, sea surface temperature, and PAR

Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain

The aim of this paper is to measure UV exposure of environmental agents in their occupational schedules in summer in Valencia province (Spain) using VioSpor personal dosimeters attached to several parts of their bodies. Due to its geographical situation, Valencia receives large UVR doses throughout the year, and the work of environmental agents is directly related to the protection, care, and custody of natural, often in mountainous areas. Comparison with the occupational UV exposure limit showed that the agents received an erythemal UV dose in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures against this risk are highly advisable.The authors wish to thank the environmental agents of the Conselleria de Infraestructuras, Territorio y Medio Ambiente of the Generalitat Valenciana for their cooperation in this study. We also wish to thank the Head of the Conselleria for permitting the workers to take part. We are also grateful to the State Agency for Meteorology and the Generalitat Valenciana for providing us with access to their meteorological data. The data used in this work were originally acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The translation of this study was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain. The research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within Research Project CGL2010-15931 and by the Generalitat Valenciana within the PROMETEO/2010/064 Project.Serrano Jareño, MA.; Cañada, J.; Moreno Esteve, JC.; Gurrea Ysasi, G. (2014). Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 90:911-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12252S91191890Juzeniene, A., Brekke, P., Dahlback, A., Andersson-Engels, S., Reichrath, J., Moan, K., … Moan, J. (2011). 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JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 8(4), 250-264. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2009.07260_supp.xBlumthaler, M., Ambach, W., & Ellinger, R. (1997). Increase in solar UV radiation with altitude. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 39(2), 130-134. doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(96)00018-8Aceituno-Madera, P., Buendía-Eisman, A., Olmo, F. J., Jiménez-Moleón, J. J., & Serrano-Ortega, S. (2011). Melanoma, altitud y radiación UVB. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, 102(3), 199-205. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2010.08.003Biosense Laboratories www.biosense.de/home-e.htmMoehrle, M., & Garbe, C. (2000). Personal UV Dosimetry by Bacillus subtilis Spore Films. Dermatology, 200(1), 1-5. doi:10.1159/000018306O’Riordan, D. L., Glanz, K., Gies, P., & Elliott, T. (2008). A Pilot Study of the Validity of Self-reported Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Sun Protection Practices Among Lifeguards, Parents and Children. 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TOMS UV Algorithm: Problems and Enhancements

Satellite instruments provide global maps of surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance by combining backscattered radiance measurements with radiative transfer models. The models are limited by uncertainties in input parameters of the atmosphere and the surface. We evaluate the effects of possible enhancements of the current Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) surface UV irradiance algorithm focusing on effects of diurnal variation of cloudiness and improved treatment of snow/ice. The emphasis is on comparison between the results of the current (version 1) TOMS UV algorithm and each of the changes proposed. We evaluate different approaches for improved treatment of pixel average cloud attenuation, with and without snow/ice on the ground. In addition to treating clouds based only on the measurements at the local time of the TOMS observations, the results from other satellites and weather assimilation models can be used to estimate attenuation of the incident UV irradiance throughout the day. A new method is proposed to obtain a more realistic treatment of snow covered terrain. The method is based on a statistical relation between UV reflectivity and snow depth. The new method reduced the bias between the TOMS UV estimations and ground-based UV measurements for snow periods. The improved (version 2) algorithm will be applied to re-process the existing TOMS UV data record (since 1978) and to the future satellite sensors (e.g., Quik/TOMS, GOME, OMI on EOS/Aura and Triana/EPIC)