Revisión sistemática de intervenciones preventivas en ambiente escolar para el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes

Conocer cuáles son las intervenciones preventivas más efectivas aplicadas en ambientes escolares para disminuir o retrasar el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes y sus caracteristicas. Metodo: en base a la Preferred Repor­ting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura mediante las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Web of science en el Social Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded y Emergin Sources Citation Index, así como en Scopus y otras fuentes. Resultados: se incluyeron en el análisis 10 articulos en los que encontró que las intervenciones que tenian como caracteristica el sustentarse en teoria demostraron mayor efectivad; seguidas de las intervenciones multicomponentes. Conclusiones: La utilización de una teoria como sustento de la intervención fue la caracteristica que mas peso agregó a la efectividad de las in­tervenciones, al igual que aquellas que utilizaron algun componente tecnológico.To know which are the most effective preventive interventions applied in school environments to reduce or delay the consumption of alcohol and tobacco in adolescents and their characteristics. Method: based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA), a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Web of science in the Social Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded and Emergin Sources Citation Index, as well as Scopus and other sources. Results: 10 articles were included in the analysis in which it was found that the interventions that had the characteristic of relying on theory demonstrated greater effectiveness; followed by multicomponent interventions. Conclusions: The use of a theory as support for the intervention was the characteristic that added more weight to the effectiveness of the interventions, as well as those that used some technological component

Choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals in the era of integrase inhibitors

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the most frequently prescribed initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in recent years in HIV-positive persons in the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) and to investigate factors associated with the choice of each regimen. METHODS: We analyzed initial ART regimens prescribed in adults participating in CoRIS from 2014 to 2017. Only regimens prescribed in >5% of patients were considered. We used multivariable multinomial regression to estimate Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) for the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the choice of the initial regimen. RESULTS: Among 2874 participants, abacavir(ABC)/lamivudine(3TC)/dolutegavir(DTG) was the most frequently prescribed regimen (32.1%), followed by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/elvitegravir(EVG)/cobicistat(COBI) (14.9%), TDF/FTC/rilpivirine (RPV) (14.0%), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC/EVG/COBI (13.7%), TDF/FTC+DTG (10.0%), TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat (bDRV) (9.8%) and TDF/FTC+raltegravir (RAL) (5.6%). Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, starting TDF/FTC/RPV was less likely in patients with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+DTG was more frequent in those with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+RAL and TDF/FTC+bDRV were also more frequent among patients with CD4<200 cells//muL and with transmission categories other than men who have sex with men. Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, the prescription of other initial ART regimens decreased from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 with the exception of TDF/FTC+DTG. Differences in the choice of the initial ART regimen were observed by hospitals' location. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of initial ART regimens is consistent with Spanish guidelines' recommendations, but is also clearly influenced by physician's perception based on patient's clinical and sociodemographic variables and by the prescribing hospital location

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Uso de la infografía como herramienta didáctica en la enseñanza de las asignaturas de Físico Química Farmacéutica y Física Aplicada a Farmacia: Formación del profesorado.

Depto. de Química en Ciencias FarmacéuticasFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Thrombin potently activates platelets through the protease-activated receptor PAR-1. Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of thrombin through antagonism of PAR-1. METHODS: We randomly assigned 26,449 patients who had a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease to receive vorapaxar (2.5 mg daily) or matching placebo and followed them for a median of 30 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. After 2 years, the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of the study treatment in patients with a history of stroke owing to the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: At 3 years, the primary end point had occurred in 1028 patients (9.3%) in the vorapaxar group and in 1176 patients (10.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the vorapaxar group, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.94; P<0.001). Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or recurrent ischemia leading to revascularization occurred in 1259 patients (11.2%) in the vorapaxar group and 1417 patients (12.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95; P=0.001). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 4.2% of patients who received vorapaxar and 2.5% of those who received placebo (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.93; P<0.001). There was an increase in the rate of intracranial hemorrhage in the vorapaxar group (1.0%, vs. 0.5% in the placebo group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of PAR-1 with vorapaxar reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or ischemic events in patients with stable atherosclerosis who were receiving standard therapy. However, it increased the risk of moderate or severe bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRA 2P-TIMI 50 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00526474.)