LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL E POLÍTICA DE DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL NO TERRITÓRIO DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA

O estado da Bahia, no intuito de reduzir os impactos ambientais dos empreendimentos, buscou, pela Resolução n.o 3.925/09 do seu Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente (Cepram), implementar a política de descentralização da gestão ambiental, ou Programa de Gestão Ambiental Compartilhada (GAC), para fortalecer a gestão ambiental dos órgãos municipais de meio ambiente. Este estudo buscou analisar o processo de licenciamento ambiental nos municípios do Recôncavo da Bahia. A pesquisa apresenta-se de natureza qualitativa, utilizando entrevistas semiestrutradas realizadas durante as visitas técnicas ocorridas nos sete municípios com competência para licenciar suas próprias atividades. Foi possível identificar que os municípios que aderiram a essa política conquistaram poucos avanços. Os requisitos exigidos para adesão ao programa foram se perdendo, resultado da ausência de fiscalização do órgão estadual que não avaliou periodicamente o seu desenvolvimento em cada município, ocasionando uma precarização das ações voltadas à manutenção do meio ambiente local. Conclui-se que é necessária a revisão dos processos adotados, com fluxos definidos em todas as esferas e atendendo ao termo de cooperação técnica, para o melhor controle do uso dos recursos naturais e as premissas do pacto federativo. Palavras-chave: Gestão ambiental compartilhada; Licenciamento ambiental; Política ambiental

Estudo da percepção ambiental como ferramenta de sensibilização à redução da caça de animais silvestres na Reserva Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, Cruz das Almas-BA

Objetivou-se avaliar a percepção ambiental dos moradores do entorno da Reserva Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, na cidade de Cruz das Almas, BA, relativo às questões de caça nessa área protegida. O foco da pesquisa foi centralizado na entrevista de 32 moradores do entorno desta área, a qual permitiu avaliar a percepção dos mesmos em relação à caça, mediante a observação de campo e aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturados. Os resultados permitem apontar uma redução drástica das atividades referentes a caça e captura de animais na reserva. Aproximadamente metade da comunidade acredita que os responsáveis por essas atividades sejam os jovens e adultos. A diversão foi apontada como ser a causa principal de caçar animais na mata, e mesmo não sendo a favor desta, uma significativa parcela da amostra justifica essa atividade quando se mostrar necessária à sobrevivência da família. No que tange à legalidade desta prática, a maioria dos moradores caracterizam a caça como ato ilegal. Conclui-se que a falta de supervisão e fiscalização que reprima a destruição de habitats e a insuficiência das abordagens da educação ambiental, evidencia necessidade de maiores investimentos por parte do poder público para a preservação da fauna e demais recursos naturais

Environmental education and citizenship in a prison environment: results of a study with inmates in Portugal

Inspirado no Conselho da Europa, que defende que a população carcerária tenha acesso a programas de educação e formação, integrado no modelo pedagógico adaptado por Moreira (2017) e testado por Dias-Trindade e Moreira (2019) em estabelecimentos prisionais portugueses e procurando dar resposta à necessidade de atender a uma população habitualmente excluída e crescente, este estudo apresenta os resultados de um projeto que explorou, através de um ambiente híbrido de aprendizagem, a relação entre ambiente e cidadania entre os reclusos de um Estabelecimento Prisional na região do Porto (Portugal) no início de 2020. Os resultados, de teor qualitativo, permitiram definir alguns balizadores de imagens mentais e posicionamentos pessoais, fundamentados em metodologias anteriormente testadas por Doménech, López e Velasco (2011) e Moreira e Dias-Trindade (2020). Conclui-se que dinâmicas complementares desenvolvidas nestes ambientes de aprendizagem podem contribuir tanto na aquisição de conhecimentos como de competências cidadãs associadas à relação Homem-Natureza.Inspired by the Council of Europe that defends that the prison population should have access to education and training programs, integrated in the pedagogical model adapted by Moreira (2017) and tested by Dias-Trindade and Moreira (2019) in Portuguese prisons and seeking to respond to the need to serve a sometimes excluded and growing population, this study presents the results of a project that explored, through a hybrid learning environment, the relationship between environment and citizenship among inmates from a prison in Porto (Portugal), in early 2020. The results, of qualitative content, allowed to define some beacons of mental images and personal positions, based on methodologies previously tested by Doménech and colleagues (2011) and Moreira and Dias-Trindade (2020). It is concluded that complementary dynamics, developed in these learning environments can contribute to the acquisition of knowledge, as well as citizen skills associated with the relationship between Man and Nature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Education and environmental citizenship in prison context: a university extension program for prisoners

Nos finais do século XX o Conselho da Europa adotou um conjunto de recomendações sobre necessidades e responsabilidades em matéria de Educação em Prisões, sendo que essas recomendações estipulavam que os indivíduos em contexto de reclusão devem ter acesso a programas de educação e formação, que sirvam um propósito integral de aquisição/desenvolvimento de competências de vida, conduzindo a uma efetiva reintegração na sociedade e mercado de trabalho e que, em simultâneo, previnam fenómenos de recidiva. Baseados nesses pressupostos desenvolvemos um programa de Extensão Universitária, na área da Cidadania Ambiental, sendo que o seu principal objetivo foi promover a aquisição de competências de cidadania ambiental e desenvolver competências sociais e emocionais, como o pensamento crítico, a comunicação e a colaboração. A análise dos resultados do programa foi realizada a partir da análise qualitativa das participações e narrativas dos dezoito formandos/reclusos nas salas de aula virtuais criadas no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, tendo como referencial o modelo pedagógico desenvolvido por Moreira (2017). Os resultados revelam que a utilização do cinema em ambientes virtuais, ancorado no modelo pedagógico para a desconstrução de imagens em movimento, pode ter efeitos muito positivos na aquisição de conhecimentos na ciência ecológica e no desenvolvimento de competências, quer de cidadania ambiental, quer sociais e emocionais.At the end of the 20th century, the Council of Europe adopted a set of recommendations on needs and responsibilities related to Prison Education. These recommendations stipulated that individuals in reclusion must have access to education and training programs that serve an integral purpose of acquiring / developing life skills, leading to an effective reintegration into society and the labor market and that, simultaneously prevent recurrence. Based on these assumptions, a University Extension program was developed in the area of Environmental Citizenship, the main goal of which was to promote the acquisition of environmental citizenship skills and to develop social and emotional skills, such as critical thinking, communication and collaboration. The analysis of the program's results was developed based on the qualitative analysis of the participations of the eighteen trainees/prisoners in the virtual classrooms created in the virtual learning environment, having as reference the pedagogical model developed by Moreira (2017). The results reveal that the use of cinema in virtual environments, anchored in the pedagogical model for the deconstruction of moving images, can have very positive effects in the acquisition of knowledge in ecological science and in the development of environmental citizenship, social and emotional skills.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of conflicts between mangroves and human occupation in Subaé river outfall between the years 1988 to 2017

Coastal zones fulfill important ecological, social and economic functions. Because soil flooded by tidal variations and due to great variation in salinity. Mangroves cover these regions. They are also a tropical coastal ecological system, always in the lowlands, at the mouths of rivers and estuaries. Despite their important environmental role, mangrove areas have been continuously decreasing worldwide, with an average reduction of 30% in the last 30 years. Thus, this research sought to determine land use and land cover change in low Subaé. With emphasis on Mangrove areas and urban occupation. We used supervised classifications of satellite images to evaluate the changes. We chose images from 1988, 2003, and 2017. And used images from the Landsat series (30m) and an image from the PlanetScope satellite (3m). We validated classifications through the Tau and Geographical Simultaneity concordance measures. We observed that performing the spatio-temporal analysis observing only the variation of areas may not represent the phenomena that occurred. The overall Tau index calculation for the ratings was 0.89. During the period 1988-2017 there was a significant reduction in Agricultural areas, corresponding to around 15% of the study area. Meanwhile, growth of pasture from 24km² to 48Km² and the Urban Zone, occurred over all classes, including mangroves

Maternal-calf relationships and their influence on calves up to 120 days

Objectives. To research parental behavior and measure the weight of Nelore and Guzerat calves up to 120 days of age, collecting data from birth up to the first lactation. Materials and methods. Seven different corporal positions were considered to obtain specific data for each of the following categories: time to stand (TP), time to intend to feed after standing (TPTM), weight at birth (PN), weight at 120 days (P120), and time in contact with the calf (TCC). Additionally, independent variables were also evaluated, organized by class: weight at birth (CPN), number of calvings (CNP), order of calving in relation with the herd (CLPR), time of calving (CHP), and finally, hindering to feed (CTAT). Results. There was a significant result in favor of the Nelore race over the Guzerat race. The statistical averages for Nelore and Guzerat were: Time to stand averaged 71 and 153 minutes; time to intend to feed after standing, 39 minutes for Nelore and of 114 minutes for Guzerat. For variable weight at 120 days, Nelore reached an average of 122 kg, and Guzerat 109 kg. For the time in contact with the calf variable there was no significant variance between races. Conclusions. Results showed the superiority of the Nelore race, considering it better adapted to local environmental conditions. Key words: Behavior, calves, suckling, well being (Source: CAB)

Maternal-calf relationships and their influence on calves up to 120 days

Objectives. To research parental behavior and measure the weight of Nelore and Guzerat calves up to 120 days of age, collecting data from birth up to the first lactation. Materials and methods. Seven different corporal positions were considered to obtain specific data for each of the following categories: time to stand (TP), time to intend to feed after standing (TPTM), weight at birth (PN), weight at 120 days (P120), and time in contact with the calf (TCC). Additionally, independent variables were also evaluated, organized by class: weight at birth (CPN), number of calvings (CNP), order of calving in relation with the herd (CLPR), time of calving (CHP), and finally, hindering to feed (CTAT). Results. There was a significant result in favor of the Nelore race over the Guzerat race. The statistical averages for Nelore and Guzerat were: Time to stand averaged 71 and 153 minutes; time to intend to feed after standing, 39 minutes for Nelore and of 114 minutes for Guzerat. For variable weight at 120 days, Nelore reached an average of 122 kg, and Guzerat 109 kg. For the time in contact with the calf variable there was no significant variance between races. Conclusions. Results showed the superiority of the Nelore race, considering it better adapted to local environmental conditions.   Key words: Behavior, calves, suckling, well being (Source: CAB)

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO