Ring closure reactions of bicyclic prolinol and prolin ester enantiomers

Starting from the of bicyclic proline ester, ethyl exo-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-carboxylate (+)-5 several hydantoines and thiohydantoines were prepared by acidic ring closure of the corresponding urea or thiourea derivatives. Enantiomer (-)-5 was reduced to 2-azanorbornylmethanol 12, which was transformed to 5,8-methanooxazolo- and thiazolo[3,4-a] pyridine derivatives. The structures, stereochemistry and relative configurations of the synthesized compounds were proved by NMR

Kasvatustieteellisen osaamisen merkitys ammatillisissa opettajaopinnoissa opiskelijan kokemana

Tiivistelmä. Tässä tutkimuksessa vertailen yliopiston ja ammatillisen opettajakorkeakoulun järjestämiä kasvatustieteen opintoja (10 opintopistettä) keskenään Oulun ammatillisen opettajakorkeakoulun opiskelijoiden kokemuksien perusteella. Kokemukset on kerätty itsearviointilomakkeella, jonka opiskelijat tekevät opintojen alussa, opintojen keskivaiheessa ja opintojen lopussa. Tutkimukseni itsearviointilomake on opintojen lopussa tehty ja opiskelijat ovat vastanneet yhteen kysymykseen kasvatustieteen opintoja koskien. Itsearviointilomakkeen vastaukset ovat vuosilta 2013–2017, lomakkeeseen vastanneet opiskelijat ovat aloittaneet opintonsa vuosina 2000–2006 ja 2008–2016 ja opiskelijat ovat suorittaneet kasvatustieteen opinnot viimeistään vuonna 2016. Tutkimus on teorialähtöinen sisällönanalyysi. Tutkimuksen teemoja ovat osaamisen kehittyminen, opettajan ammatillinen osaaminen, oppiminen ja opettajan ammatillinen kehittyminen. Osaamisen kehittyminen näkyi osaamisen käsitteen ymmärryksenä ja oman osaamisen kehittymisenä. Opettajan ammatillisessa osaamisessa opiskelijat kokivat oman osaamisen lisääntyneen kasvatustieteiden opintojen myötä. Oppiminen näkyi opiskelijoiden itsetutkiskeluna kasvattajan roolissa. Opettajan ammatillisessa kehittymisessä tietoja ja taitoja hyödynnettiin kasvatustieteen opintojen jälkeen. Yliopiston ja ammatillisen opettajakorkeakoulun järjestämissä kasvatustieteen opinnoissa on eroavaisuuksia Oulun ammatillisen opettajakorkeakoulun opiskelijoiden kokemusten mukaan. Kasvatustieteen opinnot yliopistossa suorittaneet opiskelijat kokivat opintojen olleen teoreettisia, joista ei saa uusia työkaluja käytäntöön. Kasvatustieteellinen osaaminen integroituu ammattipedagogiseen osaamiseen vastauksissa, joissa opiskelijat osaavat yhdistää kasvatustieteen osaksi opetustyötään hyvin ja se näkyy vastauksissa esimerkiksi opetuksen monipuolistumisena.The meaning of pedagogical competence in professional teacher education experienced by students. Abstract. In this study, I compare educational studies (10 credits) arranged by the university and the school of professional teacher education. The comparison is based on experiences of students of the school of professional teacher education in Oulu. Experiences have been collected by a self-evaluation form, that students filled in at the start, middle and end of studies. The self-evaluation form used in my study is from the end of studies and students have answered one question about educational studies. Answers are from years 2013–2017, students who have answered have started their studies between years 2000–2006 and 2008–2016 and students have completed their studies by 2016. This study is theory-based content analysis. Themes of this study are progression of competence, teacher’s professional competence, learning and teachers professional progression. Progression of competence appeared as understanding the concept of competence and experienced competence development. Regarding teacher’s professional competence students experienced that their competences developed based on the engagement in educational studies. Learning appeared as student’s self-reflection about the role of an educator. Utilization of knowledge and skills after educational studies was described as part of teacher’s professional development. Educational studies arranged by University and school of professional teacher education seem to differ according to experiences of students of the school of professional teacher education in Oulu. Students who completed educational studies in University thought the studies were too theoretical and hard to implement in practice. Competence in educational science was integrated in professional pedagogical competence in responses where students described that they could combine educational science as part of their teaching. This appeared in the responses for example as diversification of teaching

Recyclizations of 2-aminobenzylimines and thioaroylhydrazones of N-substituted N-hydroxy-3-oxobutanamides

A universal scheme is proposed for the molecular design of heterocyclic recyclizations by replacing the exocyclic hydroxyl groups in exo-trig- ring-chain tautomeric molecules with substituted amines or hydrazines. The practical applicability of this approach is demonstrated by the condensations of 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-isoxazolidinones with thioaroyl-hydrazines and 2-aminomethylaniline. The condensation products were studied by modern 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopic methods using three solvents: CDCl3, DMSO[D6] and CD3CN. The solvent was found to have a strong effect to the relative amounts of the tautomers

Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 reduces neuroinflammatory response in APdE9 mice and in adult mouse glial cells

Conclusions: JZL184 decreased the proinflammatory reactions of microglia and reduced the total A beta burden and its precursors in the APdE9 mouse model. It also reduced the proinflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes isolated from adult mice.</p

Swift follow-up observations of candidate gravitational-wave transient events

We present the first multi-wavelength follow-up observations of two candidate gravitational-wave (GW) transient events recorded by LIGO and Virgo in their 2009-2010 science run. The events were selected with low latency by the network of GW detectors and their candidate sky locations were observed by the Swift observatory. Image transient detection was used to analyze the collected electromagnetic data, which were found to be consistent with background. Off-line analysis of the GW data alone has also established that the selected GW events show no evidence of an astrophysical origin; one of them is consistent with background and the other one was a test, part of a "blind injection challenge". With this work we demonstrate the feasibility of rapid follow-ups of GW transients and establish the sensitivity improvement joint electromagnetic and GW observations could bring. This is a first step toward an electromagnetic follow-up program in the regime of routine detections with the advanced GW instruments expected within this decade. In that regime multi-wavelength observations will play a significant role in completing the astrophysical identification of GW sources. We present the methods and results from this first combined analysis and discuss its implications in terms of sensitivity for the present and future instruments.Comment: Submitted for publication 2012 May 25, accepted 2012 October 25, published 2012 November 21, in ApJS, 203, 28 ( http://stacks.iop.org/0067-0049/203/28 ); 14 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables; LIGO-P1100038; Science summary at http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-S6LVSwift/index.php ; Public access area to figures, tables at https://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=p110003

Search for gravitational waves associated with the InterPlanetary Network short gamma ray bursts

We outline the scientific motivation behind a search for gravitational waves associated with short gamma ray bursts detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) during LIGO's fifth science run and Virgo's first science run. The IPN localisation of short gamma ray bursts is limited to extended error boxes of different shapes and sizes and a search on these error boxes poses a series of challenges for data analysis. We will discuss these challenges and outline the methods to optimise the search over these error boxes.Comment: Methods paper; Proceedings for Eduardo Amaldi 9 Conference on Gravitational Waves, July 2011, Cardiff, U

A First Search for coincident Gravitational Waves and High Energy Neutrinos using LIGO, Virgo and ANTARES data from 2007

We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January - September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino - gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, science summary page at http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-S5LV_ANTARES/index.php. Public access area to figures, tables at https://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=p120000

Infrared Assisted Production of 3,4-Dihydro-2(1H)-pyridones in Solvent-Free Conditions

A green approach for the synthesis of a set of ten 4-aryl substituted-5-alcoxy carbonyl-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridones using Meldrum’s acid has been devised, the absence of solvent and the activation with infrared irradiation in addition to a multicomponent protocol are the main reaction conditions. The transformations proceeded with moderated yields (50–75%) with a reasonable reaction rate (3 h). It is worth noting that two novel molecules of the new class of the bis-3,4-dihydropyridones were also obtained. In addition, a comparison without the use of infrared irradiation was performed

Maternal Antibody Transmission in Relation to Mother Fluctuating Asymmetry in a Long-Lived Colonial Seabird: The Yellow-Legged Gull Larus michahellis

Female birds transfer antibodies to their offspring via the egg yolk, thus possibly providing passive immunity against infectious diseases to which hatchlings may be exposed, thereby affecting their fitness. It is nonetheless unclear whether the amount of maternal antibodies transmitted into egg yolks varies with female quality and egg laying order. In this paper, we investigated the transfer of maternal antibodies against type A influenza viruses (anti-AIV antibodies) by a long-lived colonial seabird, the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), in relation to fluctuating asymmetry in females, i.e. the random deviation from perfect symmetry in bilaterally symmetric morphological and anatomical traits. In particular, we tested whether females with greater asymmetry transmitted fewer antibodies to their eggs, and whether within-clutch variation in yolk antibodies varied according to the maternal level of fluctuating asymmetry. We found that asymmetric females were in worse physical condition, produced fewer antibodies, and transmitted lower amounts of antibodies to their eggs. We also found that, within a given clutch, yolk antibody level decreased with egg laying order, but this laying order effect was more pronounced in clutches laid by the more asymmetric females. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that maternal quality interacts with egg laying order in determining the amount of maternal antibodies transmitted to the yolks. They also highlight the usefulness of fluctuating asymmetry as a sensitive indicator of female quality and immunocompetence in birds