Pengelolaan Pembiayaan Pendidikan Melalui Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Pada Min Cempala Kuneng Kabupaten Pidie

: State Government Elementary School Cempala Kuneng is an educational institution that serves as a base level finance management education research and discussion of the results of this study, the management of the financing of education at the Min Cempala Kuneng have been implemented as programmed. This study used a descriptive approach and qualitative methods of data collection techniques documentation, observations and interviews, the research subject chief Madrasah, committee, treasurer, operator / administrative staff and teachers councils in Cempala Kuneng MIN. This study shows that: 1) planning on BOS MIN Cempala Kuneng already accordance with prevailing regulations. implementation is transparent and used in accordance with the existing guidelines, previously held a meeting with the school committee and the board of teachers. 2) Financing on BOS MIN Cempala Kuneng guided by the guide book for the procurement of BOS is the subject of books, teacher training, purchase of consumables, implement student activities, for transport costs, procurement of laboratory supplies, documentation, maintenance costs and the cost of making and lightweight procurement report. 3) Monitoring of the implementation of BOS MIN Cempala Kuneng made superintendent of schools and education authorities who are monitoring the implementation of government\u27s efforts mesikpun indirectly but very helpful in preventing the abuse of authority and misconduct. 4). BOS funds MIN Cempala Kuneng very supportive school students to free tuition, support schools in implementing the program activities, either to improve the infrastructure and improve the competence of teachers and educators

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BILANGAN BERPANGKAT DAN BENTUK AKAR PADA SISWA KELAS X SMK NEGERI 1 KAWALI TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019

This study aims to describe the students' mistakes in solving the problem of numbered numbers and the root form of class X RPL and analyze the factors that cause students to make mistakes. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. The research subjects were class students X RPL SMK Negeri 1 Kawali school year 2018/2019. Data collection methods used in this study were tests, interviews, and documentation. The technique of analyzing data is through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the mistakes made by students in solving the problem of number and root form: (1) errors in understanding the meaning of the problem; (2) errors in understanding and applying concepts; and (3) counting errors. Factors that cause students to make mistakes are students do not understand the purpose of the question being asked, students have not mastered the prerequisite material such as: exponent numbers, students do not understand the material, students forget the formula, students do not practice the questions about numbers with the rank and shape of the root, students are not careful in calculating, students do not check the answers that have been done

Pelaksanaan Supervisi Klinis Di SMA Negeri 1 Kuala Kecamatan Kuala Kabupaten Nagan Raya

Supervisi klinis merupakan bagian dari supervisi pengajaran, yaitu supervisi yang difokuskan pada perbaikan pembelajaran melalui siklus yang sistematis mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pengamatan dan analisis yang intensif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan informasi mengenai program, prinsip dan mekanisme supervisi klinis yang dilaksanakan oleh kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah Kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, MGMP dan guru yang ada pada SMA Negeri 1 Kuala, kecamatan Kuala kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah di SMA Negeri 1 Kuala, telah melaksanakan program supervisi klinis, sebelum melaksanakan program supervisi klinis, kepala sekolah dengan melibatkan wakil kepala sekolah, ketua MGMP dan guru senior menyusun program kegiatan supervisi klinis, membuat jadwal kegiatan, mengadakan kunjungan kelas, menginventarisir temuan supervisi dan menyusun laporan pelaksanaan supervisi klinis. Prinsip supervisi klinis yang dijalankan oleh kepala sekolah bersifat konstruktif, menolong guru agar senantiasa tumbuh sendiri tidak tergantung pada supervisor, supervisi harus realistis dan didasarkan pada kenyataan yang sebenarnya. Mekanisme supervisi klinis yang dijalankan oleh kepala sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Kuala kecamatan Kuala kabupaten Nagan Raya yaitu pertemuan awal, observasi dan pertemuan akhir. Hasil dari pelaksanaan supervisi klinis yang dijalankan oleh kepala sekolah akan di sampaikan ke supervisor tingkat kecamatan dan disampaikan ke dinas pendidikan

The Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Decreasing the Expansion Rate of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Pharmacotherapy may represent a potential means to limit the expansion rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Studies evaluating the efficacy of different pharmacological agents to slow down human AAA-expansion rates have been performed, but they have never been systematically reviewed or summarized. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Two independent reviewers identified studies and selected randomized trials and prospective cohort studies comparing the growth rate of AAA in patients with pharmacotherapy vs. no pharmacotherapy. We extracted information on study interventions, baseline characteristics, methodological quality, and AAA growth rate differences (in mm/year). Fourteen prospective studies met eligibility criteria. Five cohort studies raised the possibility of benefit of beta-blockers [pooled growth rate difference: -0.62 mm/year, (95%CI, -1.00 to -0.24)], but this was not confirmed in three beta-blocker RCTs [pooled RCT growth rate difference: -0.05 mm/year (-0.16 to 0.05)]. Statins have been evaluated in two cohort studies that yield a pooled growth rate difference of -2.97 (-5.83 to -0.11). Doxycycline and roxithromycin have been evaluated in two RCTs that suggest possible benefit [pooled RCT growth rate difference: -1.32 mm/year (-2.89 to 0.25)]. Studies assessing NSAIDs, diuretics, calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors, meanwhile, did not find statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blockers do not appear to significantly reduce the growth rate of AAAs. Statins and other anti-inflammatory agents appear to hold promise for decreasing the expansion rate of AAA, but need further evaluation before definitive recommendations can be made

Low documentation of chronic kidney disease among high-risk patients in a managed care population: a retrospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is sub-optimal among the general population and among high risk patients. The prevalence and impact of major CKD risk factors, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN), on CKD documentation among managed care populations have not been previously reported. We examined this issue in a Kaiser Permanente Georgia (KPG) CKD cohort.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>KPG enrollees were included in the CKD cohort if they had eGFRs between 60 and 365 days apart that were <90 ml/min during 1999-2006. The current analysis is restricted to participants with eGFR 10-59 ml/min/1.73 m². CKD documentation was defined as a presenting diagnosis of CKD by a primary care physician or nephrologist using ICD-9 event codes. The association between CKD documentation and DM and HTN were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 50,438 subjects within the overall KPG CKD cohort, 20% (N = 10,266) were eligible for inclusion in the current analysis. Overall, CKD diagnosis documentation was low; only 14.4% of subjects had an event-based CKD diagnosis at baseline. Gender and types 2 diabetes interacted on CKD documentation. The prevalence of CKD documentation increased with the presence of hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes had a lower effect on CKD documentation. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of CKD documentation were eGFR, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, statin use, age and gender. CKD documentation was lower among women than similarly affected men.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Among patients with an eGFR 10-59, documentation of CKD diagnosis by primary and subspecialty providers is low within a managed care patient cohort. Gender disparities in CKD documentation observed in the general population were also present among KPG CKD enrollees.</p

Strategic crossing of biomass and harvest index—source and sink—achieves genetic gains in wheat

To accelerate genetic gains in breeding, physiological trait (PT) characterization of candidate parents can help make more strategic crosses, increasing the probability of accumulating favorable alleles compared to crossing relatively uncharacterized lines. In this study, crosses were designed to complement “source” with “sink” traits, where at least one parent was selected for favorable expression of biomass and/or radiation use efficiency—source—and the other for sink-related traits like harvest-index, kernel weight and grains per spike. Female parents were selected from among genetic resources—including landraces and products of wide-crossing (i.e. synthetic wheat)—that had been evaluated in Mexico at high yield potential or under heat stress, while elite lines were used as males. Progeny of crosses were advanced to the F4 generation within Mexico, and F4-derived F5 and F6 generations were yield tested to populate four international nurseries, targeted to high yield environments (2nd and 3rd WYCYT) for yield potential, and heat stressed environments (2nd and 4th SATYN) for climate resilience, respectively. Each nursery was grown as multi-location yield trials. Genetic gains were achieved in both temperate and hot environments, with most new PT-derived lines expressing superior yield and biomass compared to local checks at almost all international sites. Furthermore, the tendency across all four nurseries indicated either the superiority of the best new PT lines compared with the CIMMYT elite checks, or the superiority of all new PT lines as a group compared with all checks, and in some cases, both. Results support—in a realistic breeding context—the hypothesis that yield and radiation use efficiency can be increased by improving source:sink balance, and validate the feasibility of incorporating exotic germplasm into mainstream breeding efforts to accelerate genetic gains for yield potential and climate resilience

The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes

Current and Future Drug Targets in Weight Management

Obesity will continue to be one of the leading causes of chronic disease unless the ongoing rise in the prevalence of this condition is reversed. Accumulating morbidity figures and a shortage of effective drugs have generated substantial research activity with several molecular targets being investigated. However, pharmacological modulation of body weight is extremely complex, since it is essentially a battle against one of the strongest human instincts and highly efficient mechanisms of energy uptake and storage. This review provides an overview of the different molecular strategies intended to lower body weight or adipose tissue mass. Weight-loss drugs in development include molecules intended to reduce the absorption of lipids from the GI tract, various ways to limit food intake, and compounds that increase energy expenditure or reduce adipose tissue size. A number of new preparations, including combinations of the existing drugs topiramate plus phentermine, bupropion plus naltrexone, and the selective 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin have recently been filed for approval. Behind these leading candidates are several other potentially promising compounds and combinations currently undergoing phase II and III testing. Some interesting targets further on the horizon are also discussed

Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia

© 2018 The Author(s) Given predicted increases in urbanization in tropical and subtropical regions, understanding the processes shaping urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future conservation challenges. We used a case study approach to identify unifying patterns of urban coral reefs and clarify the effects of urbanization on hard coral assemblages. Data were compiled from 11 cities throughout East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong, and Naha (Okinawa). Our review highlights several key characteristics of urban coral reefs, including “reef compression” (a decline in bathymetric range with increasing turbidity and decreasing water clarity over time and relative to shore), dominance by domed coral growth forms and low reef complexity, variable city-specific inshore-offshore gradients, early declines in coral cover with recent fluctuating periods of acute impacts and rapid recovery, and colonization of urban infrastructure by hard corals. We present hypotheses for urban reef community dynamics and discuss potential of ecological engineering for corals in urban areas

The enigma of in vivo oxidative stress assessment: isoprostanes as an emerging target

Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the major factors behind several acute and chronic diseases, and may also be associated with ageing. Excess formation of free radicals in miscellaneous body environment may originate from endogenous response to cell injury, but also from exposure to a number of exogenous toxins. When the antioxidant defence system is overwhelmed, this leads to cell damage. However, the measurement of free radicals or their endproducts is tricky, since these compounds are reactive and short lived, and have diverse characteristics. Specific evidence for the involvement of free radicals in pathological situations has been difficult to obtain, partly owing to shortcomings in earlier described methods for the measurement of oxidative stress. Isoprostanes, which are prostaglandin-like bioactive compounds synthesized in vivo from oxidation of arachidonic acid, independently of cyclooxygenases, are involved in many human diseases, and their measurement therefore offers a way to assess oxidative stress. Elevated levels of F2-isoprostanes have also been seen in the normal human pregnancy, but their physiological role has not yet been defined. Large amounts of bioactive F2-isoprostanes are excreted in the urine in normal basal situations, with a wide interindividual variation. Their exact role in the regulation of normal physiological functions, however, needs to be explored further. Current understanding suggests that measurement of F2-isoprostanes in body fluids provides a reliable analytical tool to study oxidative stress-related diseases and experimental inflammatory conditions, and also in the evaluation of various dietary antioxidants, as well as drugs with radical-scavenging properties. However, assessment of isoprostanes in plasma or urine does not necessarily reflect any specific tissue damage, nor does it provide information on the oxidation of lipids other than arachidonic acid