El conflicto de pareja como variable asociada a la violencia de género contra la mujer : consecuencias sobre la salud sexual y mental

The persistence of a chronic conflict in couple's relationship is related to an increased probability of gender violence as well to negative consequences on sexual and mental health. In this study we have analyzed the relationship among psychosocial factors and the presence of couple’s conflict, and the association between this conflict and the appearance of sexual and mental disorders and/or dysfunctions. For this purpose a sample of 39 heterosexual couples with unsatisfactory couple relationships had been studied. The results revealed that the strategies to cope with conflicts are deficitaires to both sexes. Regarding sexual behavior, women but no men showed dysfunctions in all the phases of the sexual life. As for as the mental health, all the subjects with clinical depressive symptoms, and most of those with low self-esteem and high anxiety-state, were included in the group who reported couple conflict.La persistencia de un conflicto crónico en la relación de pareja incide directamente en la posibilidad de que se produzcan conductas de violencia de género, así como en la aparición de consecuencias negativas sobre la salud sexual y mental de los miembros de la pareja. En este estudio hemos analizado, con una muestra de 39 parejas heterosexuales que presentaban relaciones insatisfactorias, la asociación entre variables psicosociales y presencia del conflicto, así como la relación entre dicho conflicto y la manifestación de trastornos sexuales y mentales. Los resultados revelan que las estrategias para solucionar conflictos son deficitarias en ambos sexos. Las mujeres manifiestan, a diferencia de los hombres, trastornos en todas las fases de la respuesta sexual. Respecto a la salud mental, todas las personas que manifiestan depresión y la mayoría de las que manifiestan baja autoestima y alto estado de ansiedad, pertenecen al grupo con conflicto de pareja

Treatments for Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder in Women: A Scoping Review.

Background Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is characterized by elevated discomfort associated with persistent genital arousal in the absence of sexual desire. Aim To perform a scoping review of the proposed treatments for PGAD and their efficacy. Methods A scoping review was carried out (PRISMA-Scr) that included articles on PGAD as the main disorder, only in women, which explained, in detail, the treatment and its efficacy, was empirical, was written in English and Spanish. No prior filtering by years was performed. Outcomes Three different effective treatments were found (physical therapies, pharmacological therapies, and psychotherapeutics in combination with other therapies). Results Thirty-eight articles were selected. From physical therapies, treatments using neuromodulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, Botox, surgery, electroconvulsive therapy, manual therapy, pelvic floor therapy, dietary changes, and transcranial magnetic stimulation showed effectiveness. Using the pharmacological approach, paroxetine, duloxetine, pramipexole, ropinirole, and clonazepam treatments were effective. Psychotherapy treatments showed effectiveness only in combination with other types of treatments, specifically a combination of cognitive–behavioral strategies with pharmacological treatment. Clinical implications Pharmacological treatment, specifically SSRIs, have proven to be the therapy of choice for different subtypes of patients. Strengths and limitations This study analyzed treatment effectiveness with different approaches and took into consideration those articles where psychotherapy was used as a combination treatment with pharmacological and physical therapy. The main limitation is that it was focused exclusively on women, and the results cannot be generalized to include men. Conclusions To date, a combination of pharmacological interventions with physical therapy and, in some occasions, with psychological therapy is main strategy followed to accomplish effective treatment of PGAD.post-print311 K

Actitud alimentaria anómala y su relación con la imagen corporal en una muestra urbana de adolescentes valencianos

The aims of the present research were to asses the prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes in a sample of adolescents, aged 14-18, who attend secondary school in the 9th wealth area of Valencia, and analyse the relationship between such attitudes and anthropometric measurements, body self-image and diets. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) by Garner and Garfinkel, and the Body Shape Questionnaire by Cooper were used. The adolescents’ weigh and eight were measured and the Quetelet Index was calculated. Information about diets, body shape self-evaluation and wish for changing weight was collected. Prevalence of risky eating attitudes, was 19.8% for the girls (n=197) and 1,76% for the boys (n=170). The EAT scores were significantly higher for girls aged 16, the subjects who wished a body shape reduction, women who self-evaluated with overweight and obesity, girls who were on a diet during the last year and women that knew fiends and relatives going on it. The distortion of body shape was significantly higher for woman with objective overweight, women self-evaluated with overweight and obesity, women who wished a body shape reduction and women who were on a diet.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia de comportamientos alimentarios anómalos en una muestra de adolescentes de 14 a 18 años, de centros de enseñanza secundaria ubicados en el área de salud n° 9 de Valencia y analizar la relación de dichos comportamientos con variables antropométricas, con la autoimagen corporal y con dietas. Se utilizó el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT) de Gamer y Garfinkel, el Body Shape Questionnaire de Cooper. Los sujetos fueron pesados y tallados hallándose el índice de Quetelet, se recogió información sobre dietas, auto-valoración del volumen corporal y deseo de mantener su peso, disminuirlo o aumentarlo. La prevalencia de riesgo de sufrir un trastorno de la alimentación, fue del 19, 8% en las mujeres (n=197) y del 1, 76% en los hombres (n=170). Puntuaron significativamente más alto en el EAT, las mujeres de 16 años, los sujetos que desearon estar más delgados, las mujeres que se auto-valoraron con sobrepeso u obesidad, las que realizaron dieta durante el último año y conocían familiares y/o amigos haciéndola. La distorsión de la imagen corporal fue significativamente superior en las mujeres con sobrepeso objetivo, las que se auto-valoraban con problemas de peso, las que deseaban estar más delgadas y las que hacían dieta

New Care Models for Transgender People in the Spanish Health System: Demands, Controversies and Reflections

[Resumen] La atención sanitaria a las personas transgénero en España se ha establecido de manera progresiva desde 1999, año en que Andalucía crea la primera unidad multidisciplinar para el tratamiento integral de la reasignación de sexo. Este documento analiza los cambios sociales, las demandas y debates entre usuarios y profesionales y los nuevos modelos de atención sanitaria, y también plantea reflexiones sobre la situación actual. La apertura social en España en la concepción de la diversidad sexual y de género es bastante favorable. Las demandas de los usuarios no son uniformes y no siempre coinciden con los criterios de los profesionales. En algunas comunidades autónomas la asistencia sanitaria se está distanciando del modelo recomendado internacionalmente, que basa la atención en equipos especializados o Unidades de Identidad de Género (UIG). Estos nuevos modelos centran la asistencia en la Atención Primaria, además de en endocrinólogos y pediatras de área sin una evaluación coordinada con Salud Mental. Los principales factores contribuyentes al cambio reciente han sido las demandas desde algunas asociaciones de “despatologización” y “descentralización”. Estos nuevos modelos centran la asistencia en la Atención Primaria, además de en endocrinólogos y pediatras de área sin una evaluación coordinada con Salud Mental. Los profesionales que integran las unidades de género, si bien reconocen la necesidad de una visión amplia de la realidad transgénero, alertan del riesgo que supone tratar a personas trans sin una colaboración de especialistas en Salud Mental o por profesionales de área con escasa experiencia. Además, anticipan que la descentralización no facilita el estudio de grandes cohortes, dificultando el avance del conocimiento y la evaluación contrastada con países del entorno. En resumen, los nuevos modelos sanitarios, aunque ofrecen la atención en proximidad, no garantizan mejoras en la calidad ni promueven el análisis comparado de los resultados.[Abstract] Health care for transgender people in Spain has been progressively established since 1999 when the first multidisciplinary unit for the treatment of sex reassignment was created in Andalusia. In this document, the social changes, the demands and debates of users and professionals, the new models of health care for trans people, and reflections on the current situation, have been analysed. The social openness in Spain regarding sexual and gender diversity has evolved quite positively. The health demands of the transgender users are not uniform and do not always match with the criteria of the professionals. In some Spanish regions, health care is distancing itself from the internationally recommended multidisciplinary model. The new healthcare models have been established under the aegis of primary care and/or endocrinologist in the area, without a required psychological assessment. The main contributing factors for this change of model have been the pressure from some associations with demands for "depathologization" and "decentralization". The professionals of gender units, while recognizing the need for a broader vision of trans reality, warn of the risk of treating trans people without the involvement of mental health specialists or by professionals in proximity with little experience. Moreover, the decentralization would not allow acting on large cohorts, which hinders the advance of knowledge and contrasted evaluations with neighbouring countries. In summary, the new health models, although intended to facilitate care through proximity, do not guarantee improvements in quality and difficult to make a comparative evaluation of the results

Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19 Restrictions: A Study of 30 Countries From the I-SHARE Consortium.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe