Potencial do biogás dos residuos agro-industriais gerados no departamento de Cundinamarca

The low level of technology in the farms of the Cundinamarca department, leads to a high rate of agro-industrial waste generation, making important the assessment of valorization alternatives. In this work, the biogas production potential of agro-industrial residues in the department of Cundinamarca was established through anaerobic digestion. The potential has been established from three methodological approaches, including the assessment of waste generation in each of the municipalities, calculation of potential by type of residual biomass in the department and identification of three regions with the greatest potential for biogas production. The estimation of the potential was supported in the collection, standardization and processing of the information available and cultivated areas of wastes generated in each sector and/or activity. Cundinamarca has an average potential of biogas of 1,117,567TJ/year calculated by the transformation of agro-industrial wastes through the anaerobic process. The greatest contribution to this value corresponds to those residues generated from crops of coffee, sugarcane, peas, potatoes and cattle and poultry manure activities. The regions that could host centralized systems were identified in the surroundings of the municipalities of Fómeque, Guachetá and Anapoima, which presented the greatest biogas potential and substrates generation. The potential associated to those regions was 89,651; 127,513; 58,541TJ/yearfor the region 1, region 2 and region 3, which are similar to those reported for biogas plants in various regions worldwide.El bajo grado de tecnificación de la mayoría de las granjas en el departamento de Cundinamarca, conlleva a una alta tasa de generación de residuos agroindustriales, haciendo indispensable la evaluación de alternativas de valorización. En este trabajo se determinó el potencial de producción de biogás de los residuos agroindustriales en el departamento de Cundinamarca a través de digestión anaerobia. El potencial se estableció a partir de tres acercamientos metodológicos que incluían la evaluación de la generación de residuos en cada uno de los municipios, cálculo del potencial por tipo de biomasa residual en el departamento e identificación de tres regiones con el mayor potencial de producción de biogás. El cálculo del potencial se soportó en una recopilación, estandarización y procesamiento de la información disponible de áreas cultivadas y residuos generados en cada sector y/o actividad. Cundinamarca tiene un potencial promedio de biogás de 1.117.567TJ/año calculado por la transformación de los residuos agroindustriales a través de proceso anaerobio. Los residuos de mayor aporte en el potencial encontrado corresponden a aquellos generados por actividades relacionadas con los cultivos de café, caña panelera, arveja, papa; excretas bovinas y avícolas. Las regiones que podrían cobijar sistemas centralizados se identificaron en torno a los municipios de Fomeque, Guacheta y Anapoima, las cuales presentaron mayor potencial. El potencial estimado para estas regiones fue de 89.651, 127.513, 58.541TJ/año para la región 1, región 2 y región 3, los cuales son similares a los reportados para plantas de biogás en varias regiones del mundo.O baixo nível de tecnologia da maior parte das fazendas, no departamento de Cundinamarca, conduz a uma elevada taxa de geração de resíduos agro-industriais, tornando a avaliação de avaliação alternativa essencial. Neste trabalho, o potencial de produção de biogás de resíduos agro-industrial no departamento de Cundinamarca é determinada através da digestão anaeróbica. O potencial é estabelecida a partir de três abordagens metodológicas, incluindo a avaliação da geração de resíduos em cada um dos municípios, o cálculo do potencial de por tipo de biomassa residual no departamento e identificação de três regiões com maior potencial para produção de biogás. O cálculo do potencial é suportado em uma coleção, padronização e processamento de superfícies de informação disponíveis e resíduos gerados em cada sector e/ou atividade. Cundinamarca tem uma média de biogás potenciais 1.117.567TJ/ano, calculado pela transformação de resíduos agro-industrial através de processo anaeróbio. Os maiores resíduos de contribuição encontrados no correspondem potencial para aqueles gerados pelas culturas afins de café, cana de açúcar, ervilhas, batatas atividades; gado e esterco de galinha. As regiões que poderiam cobrir sistemas centralizados foram identificados em torno dos municípios de Fómeque, Guachetá e Anapoima, que tiveram maior potencial. O potencial estimado para estas regiões foi de 89.651, 127.513, 58.541TJ/ano para a Região 1, região 2 e região 3, que são semelhantes aos relatados para as unidades de biogás em várias regiões do mundo

Potencial do biogás dos residuos agro-industriais gerados no departamento de Cundinamarca

The low level of technology in the farms of the Cundinamarca department, leads to a high rate of agro-industrial waste generation, making important the assessment of valorization alternatives. In this work, the biogas production potential of agro-industrial residues in the department of Cundinamarca was established through anaerobic digestion. The potential has been established from three methodological approaches, including the assessment of waste generation in each of the municipalities, calculation of potential by type of residual biomass in the department and identification of three regions with the greatest potential for biogas production. The estimation of the potential was supported in the collection, standardization and processing of the information available and cultivated areas of wastes generated in each sector and/or activity. Cundinamarca has an average potential of biogas of 1,117,567TJ/year calculated by the transformation of agro-industrial wastes through the anaerobic process. The greatest contribution to this value corresponds to those residues generated from crops of coffee, sugarcane, peas, potatoes and cattle and poultry manure activities. The regions that could host centralized systems were identified in the surroundings of the municipalities of Fómeque, Guachetá and Anapoima, which presented the greatest biogas potential and substrates generation. The potential associated to those regions was 89,651; 127,513; 58,541TJ/yearfor the region 1, region 2 and region 3, which are similar to those reported for biogas plants in various regions worldwide.El bajo grado de tecnificación de la mayoría de las granjas en el departamento de Cundinamarca, conlleva a una alta tasa de generación de residuos agroindustriales, haciendo indispensable la evaluación de alternativas de valorización. En este trabajo se determinó el potencial de producción de biogás de los residuos agroindustriales en el departamento de Cundinamarca a través de digestión anaerobia. El potencial se estableció a partir de tres acercamientos metodológicos que incluían la evaluación de la generación de residuos en cada uno de los municipios, cálculo del potencial por tipo de biomasa residual en el departamento e identificación de tres regiones con el mayor potencial de producción de biogás. El cálculo del potencial se soportó en una recopilación, estandarización y procesamiento de la información disponible de áreas cultivadas y residuos generados en cada sector y/o actividad. Cundinamarca tiene un potencial promedio de biogás de 1.117.567TJ/año calculado por la transformación de los residuos agroindustriales a través de proceso anaerobio. Los residuos de mayor aporte en el potencial encontrado corresponden a aquellos generados por actividades relacionadas con los cultivos de café, caña panelera, arveja, papa; excretas bovinas y avícolas. Las regiones que podrían cobijar sistemas centralizados se identificaron en torno a los municipios de Fomeque, Guacheta y Anapoima, las cuales presentaron mayor potencial. El potencial estimado para estas regiones fue de 89.651, 127.513, 58.541TJ/año para la región 1, región 2 y región 3, los cuales son similares a los reportados para plantas de biogás en varias regiones del mundo.O baixo nível de tecnologia da maior parte das fazendas, no departamento de Cundinamarca, conduz a uma elevada taxa de geração de resíduos agro-industriais, tornando a avaliação de avaliação alternativa essencial. Neste trabalho, o potencial de produção de biogás de resíduos agro-industrial no departamento de Cundinamarca é determinada através da digestão anaeróbica. O potencial é estabelecida a partir de três abordagens metodológicas, incluindo a avaliação da geração de resíduos em cada um dos municípios, o cálculo do potencial de por tipo de biomassa residual no departamento e identificação de três regiões com maior potencial para produção de biogás. O cálculo do potencial é suportado em uma coleção, padronização e processamento de superfícies de informação disponíveis e resíduos gerados em cada sector e/ou atividade. Cundinamarca tem uma média de biogás potenciais 1.117.567TJ/ano, calculado pela transformação de resíduos agro-industrial através de processo anaeróbio. Os maiores resíduos de contribuição encontrados no correspondem potencial para aqueles gerados pelas culturas afins de café, cana de açúcar, ervilhas, batatas atividades; gado e esterco de galinha. As regiões que poderiam cobrir sistemas centralizados foram identificados em torno dos municípios de Fómeque, Guachetá e Anapoima, que tiveram maior potencial. O potencial estimado para estas regiões foi de 89.651, 127.513, 58.541TJ/ano para a Região 1, região 2 e região 3, que são semelhantes aos relatados para as unidades de biogás em várias regiões do mundo

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI