Respons Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Sp-36 dan Pupuk Cair Hayati [Growth And Production Response Of Peanut On Sp-36 And Biological Liquid Fertilizer Application]

Aplikasi pupuk fosfat dan pupuk cair hayati dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah varietas Bison terhadap aplikasi berbagai dosis pupuk SP-36 dan pupuk cair hayati Feng Shou serta interaksinya. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dua faktor dan setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk SP-36, yaitu 0, 50, 75 dan 100 kg/ha. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk hayati cair, yaitu 0, 0,5, 1 dan 1,5 l/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons tinggi tanaman terbesar diperoleh pada aplikasi pupuk SP-36 dosis 100 kg/ha. Respons jumlah polong, jumlah biji, berat basah polong, berat basah brangkasan dan berat 100 biji tertinggi diperoleh pada aplikasi pupuk SP-36 dosis 75 kg/ha. Respons petumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah terhadap aplikasi pupuk cair hayati Feng Shou terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 1 l/ha

Optimasi Transformasi Genetika Melalui Agrobacterium Pada Tanaman Padi

Keberhasilan transformasi genetika pada tanaman padi sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakternya yang bersifat recalsitrant, terutama padi jenis indica yang banyak ditanam oleh petani di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, optimasi metode selalu diperlukan sebelum melakukan transformasi genetika pada tanaman padi. Transformasi gen GUS sering digunakan sebagai sarana optimasi metode transformasi sebelum melakukan overekspresi gen yang sesungguhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa komponen transformasi gen melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens dapat bekerja secara efektif pada tanaman padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biosain Politeknik Jember dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2013. Konstruk gen GUS diperoleh dari Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler Universitas Jember. Padi yang digunakan adalah varietas Inpari 20 dari BPTP Malang dan CV Dongjin dari Korea Selatan sebanyak 20 biji dari setiap verietas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi gen GUS melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens berhasil menginfeksi eksplan. Eksplan yang diinfeksi tumbuh pada media seleksi antibiotik higromisin sampai umur 65 hari setelah infeksi. Hasil uji GUS menunjukkan bahwa gen GUS tidak terekspresi pada tanaman Padi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada kemungkinan DNA promoter dan plasmit pCAMBIA tidak kompatibel pada tanaman padi. Agrobacterium tumefaciens dapat digunakan untuk transformasi genetika pada tanaman padi, tetapi perlu DNA promoter dan plasmit yang kompatibel

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Evaluasi Media Ajar AR Halo Kids pada Anak dengan Teknologi Augmented Reality Berbasis Android

This study aims as an easy and inexpensive learning media that can be used to increase education for early childhood such as knowledge about the introduction of various professions. Media learning in the form of physical at this time is considered quite expensive, in addition to learning media in the form of physical need more understanding to be able to understand something learned.This research was developed with SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method. This research includes the kind of augmented reality technology development that contains insight into the various professions, plants, musical instruments, and my needs. Objects taken about the character of the profession, the form of musical instruments, the shape of the plant, and the form of home appliances. Data collection techniques were conducted by questionnaire. Questionnaire is used to assess the completeness and feasibility of the application. Software engine that we use is unity game engine.The results of the research has been successfully created HALO KIDS applications in the form of 3D visual images of several themes including professions, needs, instruments, and plants. The HALO KIDS app is a file with a .apk extension. The HALO KIDS app runs optimally with a minimal smartphone specifying a 2.3 GHz Quad-core device (2 GB of RAM). The use of applications by children is easy to do with Agree-Strongly Agree value of 59%, 3D objects of the profession can be recognized and remembered by children with the value of agree- strongly agree at 67%