Mobile App Marketing Communication for B2B and B2C: Ingoes as a Case Study

In today’s marketing world, there are highly competitive business environments in every industry. The companies try to survive, and their strategical conceptual thinking and entrepreneurship levels help them to be unique in their industry. The innovative ideas and alterations on consumer behavior create success stories in the future survival of the companies. Ingoes is a real estate platform that brings real estate buyers and sellers together and must be research case since it is the first mobile application for property market in Northern Cyprus. Thus, this chapter is helpful as a literature source for mobile application sector usage of marketing communication strategies when they are newly entering in their markets. Diffusion of innovation theory is considered while analyzing Ingoes brand. The aim of this study is to focus on the diffusion of innovation for mobile application marketing perspectives. This chapter covers both quantitative and qualitative research method content analyses by focusing on Ingoes new media usage while they are reaching their current and potential consumers

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS AND GAMMA DOSE RATE LEVELS IN KAYSERI, TURKEY

This study assesses the level of background radiation for Kayseri province of Turkey. Natural radionuclide activity concentrations in soil samples were determined using high-resolution gamma spectroscopy. Outdoor gamma dose measurements in air at 1 m above ground level were determined using a portable gamma scintillation detector. The obtained results of uranium and thorium series as well as potassium (K-40) are discussed. The present data were compared with the data obtained from different areas in Turkey. From the measured gamma-ray spectra, the average activity concentrations were determined for U-238 (range from 3.91 to 794.25 Bq kg(-1)), Th-232 (range from 0.68 to 245.55 Bq kg(-1)) and K-40 (range from 23.68 to 2718.71 Bq kg(-1)). The average activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 were found to be 35.51, 37.27 and 429.66 Bq kg(-1), respectively, and 11.53 Bq kg(-1) for the fission product Cs-137. The highest values of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 concentrations (794.25 Bq kg(-1), 245.55 Bq kg(-1), 2718.71 Bq kg(-1), respectively) were observed in abnormal samples at Hayriye village. The average outdoor gamma dose rate in air at 1 m above the ground was determined as 114.43 nGy h(-1). Using the data obtained in this study, the average annual effective dose for a person living in Kayseri was found to be about 140.34 mu Sv

Assessment of the relationship between pulmonary functions, duration and severity of disease with walking and BODE index in COPD

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı KOAH?lı hastalarda solunum fonksiyonları, yürüme ve BODE indeksini değerlendirerek bu verilerin hastalık süresi ve şiddeti ile aralarındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktı. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya gönüllü, 25 stabil KOAH?lı erkek hasta alındı. Hastalara solunum fonksiyon testi (SFT), 6 dakika yürüme testi (6DYT) yapıldı. Hastaları n dispneleri ?Modifiye Medical Research Council? (MMRC), vizüel analog skala (VAS) ve Borg skalası ile belirlendi. BODE indeksi, miyokardial oksijen tüketimi (MVO2) ve 6 dakika yürüme işi (6DYİ) hesaplandı. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 66.8±9.2 yıldı. Beden kitle indeksleri (BKİ) 28.2±2.7 kg/m2, SFT?nde FEV1 ortalaması %56.8±22.7 (1.45±0.55 L), maksimal inspiratuar basınç (PImaks) ortalama 71.7±26.6 cm H2O, maksimal ekspiratuar basınç (PEmaks) ortalama 74.7±40,5 cm H2O idi. Altı dakika yürüme mesafesi (6DYM) ortalama 366±65 m idi. Altı DYT sonunda MVO2, dispne (VAS ve Borg) ve oksijen satürasyonu (SaO2) anlamlı derecede değişti (p<0.001). Hastalık şiddeti; %FEV1, %FVC, FEV1/FVC, dispne (MMRC), BODE indeksi ile (sırasıyla; rs=-0.955, p<0.001; rs=0.793, p<0.001; rs=-0.556, p=0.04; rs=0.527, p=0.007; rs=0.775, p<0.001) ve 6DYT sırasındaki dispne (VAS) ve MVO2 değişimleriyle (sırasıyla; rs=0.609, p=0.001; rs=0.453, p=0.02) anlamlı ilişki göstermekteydi. Bu ilişkilere yönelik çoklu lineer regresyon modeli oluşturuldu: y=-0.03 FEV1 (%)+0.15 dispne (VAS)+0.08 BODE (F=93.38, p<0.001; R=0.96, R2=0.93) olarak bulundu. Hastalık süresi; BODE indeksi (rs=0.525, p=0.007), dispne (MMRC) (rs=0.571, p=0.003), 6DYM (rs=-0.635, p= 0.001), 6DYT sırasındaki dispne değişimi (VAS) (rs=0.533, p=0.006) ile anlamlı olarak ilişkiliydi. Bu ilişkilere yönelik çoklu regresyon modeli oluşturuldu. Hastalık süresi= 0.38 dispne (MMRC) -0.30 (F=7.78, p=0.01, R=0.50, R2=0.25) olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Hem hastalık şiddeti hem de hastalık süresinin dispne (MMRC ve VAS) ve BODE indeksi ile ilişkili bulunması, fizyolojik ölçümlerin yanı sıra semptomların da nicel olarak değerlendirilmesinin takipte yer alması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.Aim: The aim of our study was assessment of pulmonary functions, walking and BODE index and evaluation of relationship with duration and severity of disease in COPD. Material and method: Twenty-five male patients with stable COPD participated in the study. Patients performed pulmonary function tests (PFT) and six minute walking test (6 MWT). Dyspnea of patients was estimated by ?Modified Medical Research Dyspnea Scale?, visual analog dyspnea scale (VAS) and Borg scale. BODE index, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and six minute walking work were calculated. Results: Body mass index (BMI) were 28.2&plusmn;2.7 kg/m2, predicted forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) were %56.8&plusmn;22.7 (1.45&plusmn;0.55 lt), maximal inspiratory pressures (PImax) were 71.7&plusmn;26.6 cm H2O, maximal expiratory pressures were 74.7&plusmn;40.5 cm H2O in PFT. Six minute walking distance was 366&plusmn;65 m. MVO2, dyspnea (VAS and Borg) and oxygen saturation were significantly changed after the 6 MWT (p&lt; 0.001). Severity of disease has shown significantly relationship with %FEV1, %FVC, FEV2/FVC, dyspnea (MMRC), BODE index (rs=-0.955, p&lt;0.001; rs=0.793, p&lt;0.001; rs=-0.556, p=0.04; rs=0.527, p=0.007; rs=0.775, respectively; p&lt;0.001 for all ), dyspnea (VAS) and MVO2 in 6 MWT (rs=0.609, p=0.001; rs=0.453 respectively; p=0.02 for all). Multiple lineer regression model was developed for this relationship. y=-0.03 FEV1 (%)+0.15 dyspnea (VAS)+0.08 BODE (F=93.38, p&lt;0.001; R=0.96, R2=0.93) was found. Duration of disease was significantly related with BODE index (rs=0.525, p=0.007), dyspnea (MMRC) (rs=0.571, p=0.003), 6 MWD (rs=- 0.635, p= 0.001), and dyspnea change (VAS) in 6 MWT (rs=0.533, p= 0.006). Duration of disease=0.38 dyspnea (MMRC) -0.30 (F=7.78, p=0.01, R=0.50, R2=0.25) was found in multiple lineer regression analyses. Conclusion: Both severity and duration of diseases have been found to be related with dyspnea and BODE index and this reveals that physiological measurement as well as symptoms quantified assessment are necessary to take part in the following of patients

Assessment of The Relationship Between Pulmonary Functions, Duration and Severity of Disease With Walking and BODE Index in COPD

Aim: The aim of our study was assessment of pulmonary functions, walking and BODE index and evaluation of relationship with duration and severity of disease in COPD

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on oxidant and antioxidants levels during liver regeneration in rats

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on oxidant/antioxidant metabolism are controversial and its effects on hepatic regeneration are not known. In this study, we investigated a possible beneficial effect of HBO therapy on oxidant and antioxidants levels during liver regeneration. To conduct this study, seventy percent hepatectomy was performed on forty-eight Spraggue-Dawley rats and the rats were divided into two equal groups: HBO-treated group and untreated group (non-HBO group). We determined the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes/reagents, including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitiy, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), in the remnant liver samples. We also measured mitotic index (MI) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels to assess the degree of liver regeneration. HBO treatment significantly decreased MDA levels, whereas it increased SOD activity, GSH and Zn levels. In contrast, Cu levels were lower in the HBO-treated livers than the levels in the untreated remnant livers. The effect of HBO treatment may be mediated by the suppression of certain enzymes that are responsible for lipid peroxidation. In addition, HBO treatment may induce the production of antioxidant enzymes/reagents by remnant liver tissues. The HBO-treated rats maintained their body weights but the untreated rats lost body weights. HBO treatment also increased MI and PCNA levels, indicating HBO treatment enhances liver regeneration. These results indicate that HBO treatment has beneficial effects on liver regeneration by decreasing MDA and by increasing antioxidant activities. We therefore suggest that HBO therapy may be useful after liver resection