Peppermint Patty: A Mint or a Vagina

Sex education is a subject that all adolescents inevitably encounter. Abstinence-only and comprehensive sex educations are the two core foundational curricula that are being taught to most high school students in the United States. On the surface, both of these methodologies teach conflicting information about sex which perpetuates gender inequality and rape culture. Abstinence-only programs’ emphasis on women’s purity stigmatizes teens through heterosexual normative teachings and misleads teens and young people on the logistics of sexual health. Conversely, comprehensive sex education does not teach “real” sex education because it includes very basic understandings of human sexuality rather than teaching about men’s and women’s sexuality equally. Analyzing the flaws in both teachings can be a step forward in decreasing adolescences’ pregnancy rates, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, rape culture, and gender inequality

Our Voices

In declaration, we come together, calling for all who experience the intersection of oppressions to have the opportunity to claim and use their own Voices

Utilização da manobra de Müller na avaliação de pacientes apnéicos: revisão da literatura

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome was described twenty years ago, and since then there have been doubts and controversies regarding it. Fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy with Muller's maneuver, first described by Borowieck and Sassin (1983), is among them. AIM: Careful literature review on Muller's maneuver, regarding whether it can predict the sucess of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, location of upper airway obstruction and severity of the disorder. DISCUSSION AND LITERATURE REWIEW: Literature has shown that there isn't a consensus about the use of Muller's maneuver. In spite of being technically easy, inexpensive and widely used, it is very unespecific and subjective. CONCLUSION: The importance of Muller's maneuver in evaluating apneic patients has been questioned, because there are controversies whether it can predict the sucess of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, location of upper airway obstruction and severity of the disease.A Síndrome da Apnéia e Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono é uma patologia descrita há apenas vinte anos, havendo ainda várias dúvidas e controvérsias a seu respeito. Nesse âmbito inclui-se a nasofibrolaringoscopia com Manobra de Müller descrita por Borowieck e Sassin em 1983 e motivo de análise neste artigo. OBJETIVO: Revisão da literatura, com análise crítica e comparativa a respeito da capacidade da nasofibrolaringoscopia com manobra de Müller de predizer o sucesso da uvulopalatofaringoplastia, o local de colapso da via aérea superior e a gravidade da doença. DISCUSSÃO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA: A revisão da literatura mostra que não há um consenso sobre a utilização da manobra de Müller, pois apesar de ser um exame de fácil execução, custo e tempo efetivos, é também bastante inespecífico e subjetivo. CONCLUSÃO: A relevância da manobra de Müller na avaliação do paciente apnéico tem sido questionada, pois há controvérsias na literatura quanto a sua capacidade de predizer o sucesso da cirurgia orofaríngea, o local de colapso da via aérea superior e a gravidade da apnéia.UNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP-EPM Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ProgramUNIFESP, EPM, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ProgramSciEL

Planters reap : investment decisions for agribusiness risk mitigation

Este caso de ensino é baseado nas publicações do Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) relacionadas à gestão dos riscos empresariais e ao apetite ao risco. Objetiva auxiliar alunosna compreensão dos fundamentos da gestão de riscos, definindo decisões de investimento para mitigação de riscos de um agronegócio. É estruturado em diferentes etapas da gestão de risco, explorando procedimentos e reflexões relacionados à escassez de recursos de investimento em controles internos e impossibilidade de garantir o risco zero ao processo. Apresenta-se, como preparação prévia, a compreensão da empresa estudada e a leitura das publicações propostas, debatidas por meio de questões individuais. A gestão de risco é desenvolvida por etapas como a identificação dos riscos, considerando sua probabilidade e impacto e identificação de controles internos, atendendo relevância e capacidade de investimento dos sócios. Propõe-se discussões para o grande grupo, retomando conceitos abordados e promovendo o debate referente às diferentes escolhas possíveis para a empresa no tocante à gestão de riscos e aos fatores que podem influenciar nas decisões. Este caso de ensinoé aplicável as turmas de Graduação e Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis e Administraçãode Empresas, representando uma aplicabilidade prática da gestão de risco como estratégia gerencial.This teaching case is based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) publications related to enterprise risk management and risk appetite. It aims to assist students in understanding the fundamentals of risk management, defining investment decisions for risk mitigation in an agribusiness. It is structured in different stages of risk management, exploring procedures and reflections related to the scarcity of resources for investment in internal controls and the impossibility of guaranteeing zero risk to the process. It presents, as a previous preparation, the understanding of the company studied and the reading of the proposed publications, discussed through individual questions. Risk management is developed through steps such as the identification of risks, considering their probability and impact, and the identification of internal controls, taking into account the relevance and investment capacity of the partners. Large group discussions are proposed, reviewing concepts covered and promoting debate about the different possible choices for the company regarding risk management and the factors that may influence decisions. This teaching case is applicable to undergraduate and graduate accounting and business administration classes, representing a practical applicability of risk management as a management strategy

DNA profile components predict malignant outcomes in select cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with negative cytology

Predicting malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm remains challenging. Integrated molecular pathology combines pancreatic fluid DNA and clinical factors into a malignant potential score. We sought to determine the utility of DNA components alone in predicting high-grade dysplasia/invasive disease. Methods We reviewed prospectively the records from 1,106 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. We excluded non-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm cases and cases with definitive malignant cytology. A total 225 patients had 283 DNA profiles (98 followed by surgery, 185 followed by ≥23-month surveillance). High-grade dysplasia/invasive outcomes were high-grade dysplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-invasive, and adenocarcinoma on surgical pathology or mesenteric or vascular invasion, metastases, or biopsy with high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma during surveillance. Results High-quantity DNA predicted (P = .004) high-grade dysplasia/invasive disease outcomes with sensitivity of 78.3%, but 52.7% specificity, indicating benign cases may exhibit high-quantity DNA. High clonality loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes was 98.0% specific, strongly predicted high-grade dysplasia/invasive disease but lacked sensitivity (20.0%). High-quantity DNA + high clonality loss of heterozygosity had 99.0% specificity for high-grade dysplasia/invasive disease. KRAS mutation alone did not predict high-grade dysplasia/invasive disease, but, when combined with high-quantity DNA (specificity 84.7%) and high clonality loss of heterozygosity (specificity 99.0%) strongly predicted high-grade dysplasia/invasive outcomes. Conclusion Certain DNA components are highly specific for high-grade dysplasia/invasive disease and may indicate aggressive lesions, requiring resection when cytology fails

Quem planta colhe: decisões de investimento para mitigação de riscos de um agronegócio

Este caso de ensino é baseado nas publicações do Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) relacionadas à gestão dos riscos empresariais e ao apetite ao risco. Objetiva auxiliar alunos na compreensão dos fundamentos da gestão de riscos, definindo decisões de investimento para mitigação de riscos de um agronegócio. É estruturado em diferentes etapas da gestão de risco, explorando procedimentos e reflexões relacionados à escassez de recursos de investimento em controles internos e impossibilidade de garantir o risco zero ao processo. Apresenta-se, como preparação prévia, a compreensão da empresa estudada e a leitura das publicações propostas, debatidas por meio de questões individuais. A gestão de risco é desenvolvida por etapas como a identificação dos riscos, considerando sua probabilidade e impacto e identificação de controles internos, atendendo relevância e capacidade de investimento dos sócios. Propõe-se discussões para o grande grupo, retomando conceitos abordados e promovendo o debate referente às diferentes escolhas possíveis para a empresa no tocante à gestão de riscos e aos fatores que podem influenciar nas decisões. Este caso de ensino é aplicável as turmas de Graduação e Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis e Administração de Empresas, representando uma aplicabilidade prática da gestão de risco como estratégia gerencial

Quantifying Photoinduced Polaronic Distortions in Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites Nanocrystals

The development of next generation perovskite-based optoelectronic devices relies critically on the understanding of the interaction between charge carriers and the polar lattice in out-of-equilibrium conditions. While it has become increasingly evident for CsPbBr3 perovskites that the Pb-Br framework flexibility plays a key role in their light-activated functionality, the corresponding local structural rearrangement has not yet been unambiguously identified. In this work, we demonstrate that the photoinduced lattice changes in the system are due to a specific polaronic distortion, associated with the activation of a longitudinal optical phonon mode at 18 meV by electron-phonon coupling, and we quantify the associated structural changes with atomic-level precision. Key to this achievement is the combination of time-resolved and temperature-dependent studies at Br K-edge and Pb L3-edge X-ray absorption with refined ab-initio simulations, which fully account for the screened core-hole final state effects on the X-ray absorption spectra. From the temporal kinetics, we show that carrier recombination reversibly unlocks the structural deformation at both Br and Pb sites. The comparison with the temperature-dependent XAS results rules out thermal effects as the primary source of distortion of the Pb-Br bonding motif during photoexcitation. Our work provides a comprehensive description of the CsPbBr3 perovskites photophysics, offering novel insights on the light-induced response of the system and its exceptional optoelectronic properties.Comment: Main: 27 pages, 4 figures SI: 16 pages, 8 figure

Molecular approaches to the analysis of deformed wing virus replication and pathogenesis in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For years, the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie honey bee viral diseases has been severely hindered because of the lack of a cell culture system for virus propagation. As a result, it is very imperative to develop new methods that would permit the <it>in vitro </it>pathogenesis study of honey bee viruses. The identification of virus replication is an important step towards the understanding of the pathogenesis process of viruses in their respective hosts. In the present study, we developed a strand-specific RT-PCR-based method for analysis of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) replication in honey bees and in honey bee parasitic mites, <it>Varroa Destructor</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results shows that the method developed in our study allows reliable identification of the virus replication and solves the problem of falsely-primed cDNA amplifications that commonly exists in the current system. Using TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR incorporated with biotinylated primers and magnetic beads purification step, we characterized the replication and tissue tropism of DWV infection in honey bees. We provide evidence for DWV replication in the tissues of wings, head, thorax, legs, hemolymph, and gut of honey bees and also in Varroa mites.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The strategy reported in the present study forms a model system for studying bee virus replication, pathogenesis and immunity. This study should be a significant contribution to the goal of achieving a better understanding of virus pathogenesis in honey bees and to the design of appropriate control measures for bee populations at risk to virus infections.</p

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London