808 research outputs found
Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia
This study aimed to investigate prospective memory (PM) and the association with clinical factors at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Thirty-two FES patients recruited from a university-affiliated psychiatric hospital in Beijing and 17 healthy community controls (HCs) were included. Time- and event-based PM (TBPM and EBPM) performances were measured with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CCAMPROMPT) at baseline and at one-year follow-up. A number of other neurocognitive tests were also administered. Remission was determined at the endpoint according to the PANSS score _ 3 for selected items. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between time (baseline vs. endpoint) and group (FES vs. HCs) for EBPM (F(1, 44) = 8.8, p = 0.005) and for all neurocognitive components. Paired samples ttests showed significant improvement in EBPM in FES (13.1Âą3.7 vs. 10.3Âą4.8; t = 3.065, p = 0.004), compared to HCs (15.7Âą3.6 vs. 16.5Âą2.3; t = -1.248, p = 0.230). A remission rate of 59.4% was found in the FES group. Analysis of covariance revealed that remitters performed significantly better on EBPM (14.9Âą2.6 vs. 10.4Âą3.6; F(1, 25) = 12.2, p = 0.002) than non-remitters at study endpoint. The association between EBPM and 12-month clinical improvement in FES suggests that EBPM may be a potential neurocognitive marker for the effectiveness of standard pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, the findings also imply that PM may not be strictly a trait-related endophenotype as indicated in previous studies
Stochastic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in space dimensions
Interplay of kinematic and magnetic forcing in a model of a conducting fluid
with randomly driven magnetohydrodynamic equations has been studied in space
dimensions by means of the renormalization group. A perturbative
expansion scheme, parameters of which are the deviation of the spatial
dimension from two and the deviation of the exponent of the powerlike
correlation function of random forcing from its critical value, has been used
in one-loop approximation. Additional divergences have been taken into account
which arise at two dimensions and have been inconsistently treated in earlier
investigations of the model. It is shown that in spite of the additional
divergences the kinetic fixed point associated with the Kolmogorov scaling
regime remains stable for all space dimensions for rapidly enough
falling off correlations of the magnetic forcing. A scaling regime driven by
thermal fluctuations of the velocity field has been identified and analyzed.
The absence of a scaling regime near two dimensions driven by the fluctuations
of the magnetic field has been confirmed. A new renormalization scheme has been
put forward and numerically investigated to interpolate between the
expansion and the double expansion.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Developments in synthesis, characterization, and application of large, high-quality CVD single crystal diamond
Single crystal diamond synthesis by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition at rapid growth rate has considerably advanced in the past few years. Developments have been made in growth, optical quality, and mechanical properties. Of the various types of single crystal diamond that can be produced using these techniques, high quality single crystal CVD diamond can be routinely produced, and this material is playing an increasing role in research on materials under extreme conditions. This article highlights recent developments in single crystal CVD diamond synthesis and characterization, as well as various applications in high-pressure materials research.ĐĐ° ĐžŃŃĐ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń ĐşŃĐťŃка ŃОки ŃинŃоС ПОнОкŃиŃŃĐ°ĐťŃв Đ°ĐťĐźĐ°ĐˇŃ ĐźŃĐşŃĐžŃ
виНŃОвиП пНаСПОвиП Ń
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Đ°ŃĐ°ĐşŃĐľŃиŃŃик, Đ° ŃакОМ КОгО ŃŃСно СаŃŃĐžŃŃĐ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń Ń Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃĐ´ĐśĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐźĐ°ŃĐľŃŃĐ°ĐťŃв ĐżŃи виŃĐžĐşĐžĐźŃ ŃиŃĐşŃ.ĐĐ° пОŃНоднио ноŃкОНŃкО ĐťĐľŃ ŃинŃоС ПОнОкŃиŃŃаННОв аНПаСа ПикŃОвОНнОвŃĐź пНаСПоннŃĐź Ń
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Increased Mobilisation of Circulating Endothelial Progenitors in von Hippel-Lindau Disease and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Background: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are a candidate biomarker for monitoring angiogenesis in cancer. Circulating endothelial cell subsets are mobilised by angiogenic mediators. Because of the highly angiogenic phenotype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we sought to assess the potential of CECs as a marker of RCC in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and those with sporadic RCC. Methods: We performed multicolour flow cytometry to enumerate CECs in patients with RCC, patients with VHL disease with and without RCC, and normal subjects. Two subsets of CECs were evaluated: mature CECs (mCECs) and circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs). Results: In patients with VHL disease and RCC and those with sporadic RCC (N=10), CEPs and the CEP:mCEC ratio were higher than in normal subjects (N=17) (median CEPs: 0.97 vs 0.19 cells , respectively, P<0.01; median CEP:mCEC: 0.92 vs 0.58, respectively, P=0.04). However, in patients with VHL without RCC, CECs were not increased. In paired pre- and post-nephrectomy RCC patient samples (N=20), CEPs decreased after surgery (median difference 0.02 cells , â0.06 to 1.2; P=0.05). Conclusion: Circulating endothelial progenitors were elevated in RCC, but not in patients with VHL without RCC. Circulating endothelial progenitor enumeration merits further investigation as a monitoring strategy for patients with VHL
Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in groundnut through a combination of genetic resistance and post-harvest management practices
Aflatoxin is considered a âhidden poisonâ due to its slow and adverse effect on various biological pathways in humans, particularly among children, in whom it leads to delayed development, stunted growth, liver damage, and liver cancer. Unfortunately, the unpredictable behavior of the fungus as well as climatic conditions pose serious challenges in precise phenotyping, genetic prediction and genetic improvement, leaving the complete onus of preventing aflatoxin contamination in crops on post-harvest management. Equipping popular crop varieties with genetic resistance to aflatoxin is key to effective lowering of infection in farmerâs fields. A combination of genetic resistance for in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) and aflatoxin production together with pre- and post-harvest management may provide a sustainable solution to aflatoxin contamination. In this context, modern âomicsâ approaches, including next-generation genomics technologies, can provide improved and decisive information and genetic solutions. Preventing contamination will not only drastically boost the consumption and trade of the crops and products across nations/regions, but more importantly, stave off deleterious health problems among consumers across the globe
Enamel remineralization via poly(amido amine) and adhesive resin containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles
Objectives:The objective of this study was to investigate enamel remineralization using salivary statherin pro-tein-inspired poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (SN15-PAMAM) and adhesive containing nanoparticles of amor-phous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a cyclic artificial saliva/demineralizing solution for thefirst time.Methods:The enamel shear bond strengths of NACP adhesives were measured compared to commercial adhesive(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3 M). Adhesive disks containing NACP were tested for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus(P) ions release. Four groups were tested: (1) enamel control, (2) enamel with NACP, (3) enamel with SN15-PAMAM, and (4) enamel with SN15-PAMAM + NACP. The specimens were treated with cyclic artificial saliva/demineralizing solution for 28 days. The remineralized enamel specimens were examined by surface and cross-sectional hardness test.Results:NACP adhesive yielded a similar shear bond strength to commercial control (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose,3 M). NACP adhesive released high levels of Ca and P ions. At 28 days, the enamel hardness of SN15-PAMAM +NACP group was 2.89 Âą 0.13 GPa, significantly higher than that of control group (1.46 Âą 0.10 GPa) (p< 0.05).SN15-PAMAM + NACP increased the enamel cross-sectional hardness at 28 days; at 25Îźm, enamel cross-sectional hardness was 90 % higher than that of control group (p< 0.05).Significance:The novel SN15-PAMAM + NACP adhesive method could achieve 90 % higher enamel reminer-alization of the artificial caries than the control under acid challenge for thefirst time. This method is promisingfor use after tooth cavity preparation, or as a coating on enamel with white spot lesions (WSLs) for prevention, toreduce secondary caries, prevent caries procession and protect tooth structures
Intrinsic efficiency limits in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells
In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) both the electron affinity (EA) and ionization energy (IE) offsets at the donorâacceptor interface should equally control exciton dissociation. Here, we demonstrate that in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) BHJs ultrafast donor-to-acceptor energy transfer precedes hole transfer from the acceptor to the donor and thus renders the EA offset virtually unimportant. Moreover, sizeable bulk IE offsets of about 0.5 eV are needed for efficient charge transfer and high internal quantum efficiencies, since energy level bending at the donorâNFA interface caused by the acceptorsâ quadrupole moments prevents efficient exciton-to-charge-transfer state conversion at low IE offsets. The same bending, however, is the origin of the barrier-less charge transfer state to free charge conversion. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the photophysics of NFA-based blends, and show that sizeable bulk IE offsets are essential to design efficient BHJ OSCs based on low-bandgap NFAs
An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics
For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset
corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected
during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.
The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the
couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and
right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary
mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b,
leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing
transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W'
boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to
the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for
masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC
data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed
coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant
improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe
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