TRABAJO SEXUAL Y PREPAGUISMO: UNA REVISIÓN DOCUMENTAL CON PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO

Objetivo. Este artículo presenta el resultado de un proceso de indagación documental tomando como referencia los estudios adelantados en un período de 10 años (2005-2015) sobre el fenómeno del prepaguismo y el trabajo sexual. Metodología. La indagación documental fue orientada a través de dos dominios: el primero identifica las teorías desde donde surgen las comprensiones de las ciencias sociales sobre el fenómeno de estudio, el segundo analiza las propuestas metodológicas y sus repercusiones en las perspectivas desarrolladas. Resultados y conclusiones. Se tomaron un total de 50 artículos publicados en revistas indexadas, repositorios institucionales y portales bibliográficos nacionales e internacionales, lo que permitió afirmar que existe un importante vacío teórico dentro de la comunidad científica en la comprensión del prepaguismo como fenómeno social, diferenciado del trabajo sexual convencional y la construcción social patriarcal sobre la mujer y sobre el trabajo sexual permea negativamente la configuración identitaria de quienes lo ejercen

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Valle del Cauca y Putumayo.

Colombia ha vivido muchas situaciones de violencia, enfrentamientos armados entre el ejército, paramilitares y guerrilla por la lucha contra el narcotráfico, ocasionando que familias que no tenían que ver con estos conflictos, vivieran un éxodo dejando sus territorios, proyectos de vidas y vivir el duelo por haberlo perdido todo. En el estudio de este diplomado de profundización y acompañamiento psicosocial, se abordan contenidos desde un enfoque narrativo, como estrategia psicosocial y una herramienta clave en el trabajo de atención a las víctimas del conflicto armado; narrativas de hombres y mujeres flagelados por la violencia, que les han sido violentados los derechos humanos, viviendo crisis desde el hostigamiento, desplazamiento forzoso, abuso sexual, secuestro, hurto y la muerte de sus seres queridos. El acercamiento a estos significados, como una persona puede expresar en una historia un relato que viene acompañado de un proceso doloroso, pero que surge en medio de ellos una resiliencia para seguir adelante; relatos llenos de intersubjetividad y subjetividad en los sucesos que marcó las historias de las víctimas; lo que llevo que como grupo, se interesara y trabajara en el Relato 2: el caso de Camilo, quien narra subjetivamente una situación desde lugar de víctima y sobreviviente de esta violencia, donde expresa la injusticia y desigualdad vivida en su territorio. Se construye como herramienta de entrevista, unas preguntas estratégicas, circulares y reflexivas, que permitirán indagar y acercase a la realidad que vive Camilo, permitiéndole transcender a un nuevo proyecto de vida. Se incluye también en el siguiente documento, el análisis de caso y formulación de estrategia de abordaje psicosocial a la comunidad de Peñas Coloradas, identificando los emergentes psicosociales, latentes en la situación vivida por estas familias y el impacto generado, al ser estigmatizada como cómplice de un actor armado; se proponen, dos acciones de apoyo en la situación de crisis generada por el desarraigo que sufrió la comunidad y tres estrategia que facilita la potenciación de recursos a estas familias en su nuevo proyecto de vida. Finalmente leerá, la sistematización del informe analítico y reflexivo de la foto voz, donde se aplicó estrategias desde la narrativa.Colombia has experienced many situations of violence, armed confrontations between the army, the fight against drug trafficking, paramilitaries and guerrillas, causing families that had nothing to do with these conflicts, to live an exodus leaving their territories, life projects and living a mourning for having lost everything. In the study of this diploma of psychosocial deepening and accompaniment, contents are approached from a narrative approach, as a psychosocial strategy and a key tool in the work of attention to the victims of the armed conflict; narratives of men and women scourged by violence, whose human rights have been violated, experiencing crises from harassment, forced displacement, sexual abuse, kidnapping, theft and the death of their loved ones. The approach to these meanings, how a person can express in a story a story that is accompanied by a painful process, but that emerges in their midst a resilience to move forward; stories full of intersubjectivity and subjectivity in the events that mark the stories of the victims; What led as a group, they became interested and worked on Story 2: the case of Camilo, who subjectively narrates a situation from the place of victim and survivor of this violence, where he expresses the injustice and inequality experienced in his territory. As an interview tool, strategic, circular and reflective questions are built, which will allow to investigate and get closer to the reality that Camilo lives, allowing him to transcend to a new life project. The following document also includes the case analysis and formulation of the psychosocial approach strategy to the community of Peñas Coloradas, identifying the psychosocial emergencies, latent in the situation experienced by these families and the impact generated, by being stigmatized as an accomplice of a armed actor; Two support actions are proposed in the crisis situation generated by the uprooting suffered by the community and three strategies that facilitate the empowerment of resources to these families in their new life project. Finally you will read, the systematization of the analytical and reflective report of the photo voice, where strategies were applied from the narrative

Experiencias psicosociales en la transición hacia la paz profunda en Colombia

El presente trabajo se propone articular una reflexión sobre algunos retos que enfrenta la investigación psicosociológica de cara al acompañamiento, soporte e inclusive orientación de los procesos y dinámicas psicosociales de construcción de paz. Se inspira en el conjunto de trabajos aquí incluidos, pero no se basa en ellos de manera exclusiva ni prioritaria; busca, más bien, ofrecer un conjunto de criterios para la reflexión crítica en un momento histórico único por las oportunidades de incidencia que se le abren, para el mejoramiento de la investigación psicosociológica. Se espera animar a su vez nuevas prácticas reflexivas que contribuyan a incrementar la relevancia y la pertinencia de este tipo de investigación, a elegir caminos fecundos tanto para la definición de programas de investigación como de decisiones curriculares cruciales para la formación avanzada de nuevas generaciones de profesionales que contribuyan en los próximos años a este fundamental reto de construcción de la paz profunda en Colombia. El libro es una contribución a las reflexiones epistemológicas, metodológicas y éticas en un momento histórico y político crucial para el país, en el que desafortunadamente no vemos aún materializarse el deseo de paz en la Colombia profunda. Pero, aún en medio de las vicisitudes y las promesas por cumplir de una paz estable y duradera, cobra sentido y mayor relevancia el saber psicosociológico.PRÓLOGO. UN LEGADO CERCANO Y COLABORATIVO. INTRODUCCIÓN. INVESTIGAR LA TRANSICIÓN DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL. RETOS PARA EL DISEÑO DE INVESTIGACIÓN. CAPÍTULO 1. TRANSFORMACIONES SOCIALES Y LAS LUCHAS PRESENTES DE UN TERRITORIO SOBREVIVIENTE DEL CONFLICTO ARMADO. CAPÍTULO 2. NUEVOS ESCENARIOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA JUVENIL: CONSTRUYENDO PAZ A TRAVÉS DEL ARTE. CAPÍTULO 3. IDENTIDAD NARRATIVA EN PERSONAS EN PROCESO DE REINTEGRACIÓN (PPR) CAMBIOS Y PERMANENCIAS DESDE LA EXPERIENCIA DE SÍ DE DOS LIDERESAS COMUNITARIAS. CAPÍTULO 4. REPERTORIOS INTERPRETATIVOS SOBRE LA RECONCILIACIÓN DESAFÍOS EN LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL ACUERDO DE PAZ. CAPÍTULO 5. POTENCIANDO LA SUBJETIVIDAD POLÍTICA DESDE UNA EXPERIENCIA DE EDUCACIÓN PARA LA PAZ.1ª ed

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe