Sitotroga cerealella-resistant mexican maize races (Zea mays L.), new sources of resistance for commercial maize breeding

Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important post-harvest pests of maize Zea mays L. Some Mexican maize races (Z. mays) could be a novel source of resistance against S. cerealella to improve commercial maize varieties, lines and hybrids. We studied the resistance of Mexican maize races, recollected at Chihuahua State to S. cerealella. We focused on antibiosis and tolerance of maize to S. cerealella. Cristalino-079 maize race shows low level of consumption in grams and percentage, increased larvae mortality before to entering the seed. In addition, Cristalino-079 reduced first adult’s generation and show the largest biological cycle. Due to the small number of emerged adults, there was very little grain weight loss in resistant maize race. The compound that causes high mortality of larvae before to entering the grain is in the pericarp of resistant maize races. The compound that causes longest development time is in the endosperm and embryo. Cristalino-079 show the better level of resistance to S. cerealella infestation in almost all traits studied and this can be used as source of resistance for maize breeding

Medición de captura y almacenamiento de carbono. Proyecto Charco Bendito. Modelo estratégico de restauración de microcuenca Cajititlán

El siguiente proyecto se realizó a partir del trabajo colaborativo realizado en el PAP Laboratorio de análisis de datos geoespaciales, el cual se centró en la identificación y análisis del carbono en el área de trabajo del proyecto “Charco Bendito” desarrollado por Red Bioterra SC. Se midieron los niveles de secuestro de carbono en el suelo del área trabajada por el equipo de Charco Bendito, esto con el propósito de conocer el secuestro antes del inicio del proyecto, tras haber limpiado la jarilla y plantar árboles endémicos. Además, se realizó una predicción a través de los datos adquiridos de cuál será el secuestro de carbono futuro del proyecto para el año 2028, y se analizará la cantidad de dólares ganados por la captura de carbono. Los objetivos anteriores se llevaron a cabo analizando las imágenes de satélite Sentinel-2 (teledetección) utilizando el software de código abierto QGIS. A partir de este trabajo, se realiza el modelado matemático del precio del carbono capturado, utilizando la herramienta de software libre InVEST, haciendo uso de sus tres modelos matemáticos y seleccionando aquel que otorgó mejores resultados. El motivo por el que se realiza el proyecto cuenta con aspectos tanto sociales como económicos. En el aspecto económico, se cuenta con las ganancias adquiridas de los bonos de carbono. El aspecto social, por su parte, en la mitigación del cambio climático a través de la restauración de los bosques. La dificultad se encuentra en la medición del carbono almacenado tanto en los bosques como suelos y demás flora con la que se cuenta. Para facilitar este procedimiento, se utilizarán las imágenes de satélite y algoritmos de análisis determinando la cantidad de carbono almacenado por pixel en las imágenes proporcionando un resultado más preciso a corto plazo y con mínimo costo. Se aplicó la metodología geoespacial recomendada para establecer el sistema de monitoreo, reporte y verificación por el (INECC-SEMARNAT, 2018) en el que la aportación de las ciencias geoespaciales contribuye con la representación espacial de los cambios en todos los periodos se hace en los mapas de cambio obtenidos a través de la sobreposición de mapas de vegetación. Cada uno alimenta una matriz de transición y con ellos se obtienen los datos de actividad para cada transición, en esencia así es como funciona el modelo InVEST. Los propósitos de este proyecto se enfocan en generar la información de interés para Red Bioterra con respecto al secuestro de carbono en su área de trabajo. Además de analizar las ganancias a adquirir de los bonos de carbono identificados, monetizados con el uso de datos de sistemas de comercio de emisiones.ITESO, A.C

Arecibon planetaarisen tutkan Maan lähiasteroidihavainnot: 2017 joulukuu - 2019 joulukuu

We successfully observed 191 near-Earth asteroids using the Arecibo Observatory's S-band planetary radar system from 2017 December through 2019 December. We present radar cross sections for 167 asteroids; circular-polarization ratios for 112 asteroids based on Doppler-echo-power spectra measurements; and radar albedos, constraints on size and spin periods, and surface-feature and shape evaluation for 37 selected asteroids using delay-Doppler radar images with a range resolution of 75 m or finer. Out of 33 asteroids with an estimated effective diameter of at least 200 m and sufficient image quality to give clues of the shape, at least 4 (∼12%) are binary asteroids, including 1 equal-mass binary asteroid, 2017 YE5, and at least 10 (∼30%) are contact-binary asteroids. For 5 out of 112 asteroids with reliable measurements in both circular polarizations, we measured circular-polarization ratios greater than 1.0, which could indicate that they are E-type asteroids, while the mean and the 1σ standard deviation were 0.37 ± 0.23. Further, we find a mean opposite-sense circular-polarization radar albedo of 0.21 ± 0.11 for 41 asteroids (0.19 ± 0.06 for 11 S-complex asteroids). We identified two asteroids, 2011 WN15 and (505657) 2014 SR339, as possible metal-rich objects based on their unusually high radar albedos, and discuss possible evidence of water ice in 2017 YE5.Peer reviewe

Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19

Clinical Usefulness of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-ligand Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence after Primary Radiation Therapy in Patients with Prostate-specific Antigen Below the Phoenix Threshold: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

[Aims] After primary radiotherapy, biochemical recurrence is defined according to the Phoenix criteria as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value >2 ng/ml relative to the nadir. Several studies have shown that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-ligand positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can help in detecting recurrence in patients with low PSA values. This study aimed to assess the detection rate and patterns of PSMA-ligand PET/CT uptake in patients with suspected biochemical recurrence after primary radiotherapy and with PSA levels below the Phoenix threshold.[Materials and methods] The meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Articles providing data on patients with suspected prostate cancer recurrence after primary radiotherapy with a PSA value below the Phoenix threshold and who underwent PSMA-ligand PET/CT were included. Quality assessment was carried out using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool (QUADAS-2).[Results] In total, five studies were included, recruiting 909 patients (202 with PSA ≤2 ng/ml). The PSMA-ligand detection rate in the patients with ≤2 ng/ml ranged from 66 to 83%. The most frequent source of PSMA-ligand PET/CT uptake was local recurrence, followed by lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis. PSMA-ligand PET/CT uptake due to local-only recurrence was more likely in patients with PSA ≤2 ng/ml compared with PSA > 2 ng/ml: risk ratio 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.58–0.89), P = 0.003. No significant differences were observed in the detection of PSMA-ligand uptake in other areas. Limitations include a lack of biopsy confirmation, cohort reports with small sample sizes and a potentially high risk of bias.[Conclusion] A significant detection of PSMA-ligand-avid disease was observed in patients with PSA levels below the Phoenix threshold. There was a higher likelihood of detecting local-only uptake when the PSA value was ≤2 ng/ml. The findings suggest that a critical review of the Phoenix criteria may be warranted in the era of PSMA-ligand PET/CT and highlight the need for further prospective trials.Peer reviewe

In vivo cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration and cognition in Parkinson's disease: Imaging results from the COPPADIS study

COPPADIS Study Group.[Introduction] We aimed to assess associations between multimodal neuroimaging measures of cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) integrity and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) without dementia.[Methods] The study included a total of 180 non-demented PD patients and 45 healthy controls, who underwent structural MRI acquisitions and standardized neurocognitive assessment through the PD-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) within the multicentric COPPADIS-2015 study. A subset of 73 patients also had Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) acquisitions. Volumetric and microstructural (mean diffusivity, MD) indices of CBF degeneration were automatically extracted using a stereotactic CBF atlas. For comparison, we also assessed multimodal indices of hippocampal degeneration. Associations between imaging measures and cognitive performance were assessed using linear models.[Results] Compared to controls, CBF volume was not significantly reduced in PD patients as a group. However, across PD patients lower CBF volume was significantly associated with lower global cognition (PD-CRStotal: r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and this association remained significant after controlling for several potential confounding variables (p = 0.004). Analysis of individual item scores showed that this association spanned executive and memory domains. No analogue cognition associations were observed for CBF MD. In covariate-controlled models, hippocampal volume was not associated with cognition in PD, but there was a significant association for hippocampal MD (p = 0.02).[Conclusions] Early cognitive deficits in PD without dementia are more closely related to structural MRI measures of CBF degeneration than hippocampal degeneration. In our multicentric imaging acquisitions, DTI-based diffusion measures in the CBF were inferior to standard volumetric assessments for capturing cognition-relevant changes in non-demented PD.This work was supported by the Alzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V. (AFI International Training Grant to MJG), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ISCIII-FEDER) [PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576, PI20/00613], the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía [PI-0471-2013, PE-0210-2018, PI-0459-2018, PE-0186-2019], the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz and the Fundación “Curemos el Parkinson” (https://www.curemoselparkinson.org). MJG is supported by the “Miguel Servet” program [CP19/00031], MALE by the University of Seville [USE-20046-J], JFM by the “Sara Borrell” program [CD13/00229] and VI-PPIT-US from the University of Seville [USE-18817-A], SJ by the “Acción B-Clínicos-Investigadores” program [B-0007-2019], and DMG by the “Río Hortega” program [CM18/00142].Peer reviewe

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Differential body composition effects of protease inhibitors recommended for initial treatment of HIV infection: A randomized clinical trial

This article has been accepted for publication in Clinical Infectious Diseases ©2014 The Authors .Published by Oxford University Press on Clinical Infectious Disease 60.5. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu898Background. It is unclear whether metabolic or body composition effects may differ between protease inhibitor-based regimens recommended for initial treatment of HIV infection. Methods. ATADAR is a phase IV, open-label, multicenter randomized clinical trial. Stable antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults were randomly assigned to atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg or darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine daily. Pre-defined end-points were treatment or virological failure, drug discontinuation due to adverse effects, and laboratory and body composition changes at 96 weeks. Results. At 96 weeks, 56 (62%) atazanavir/ritonavir and 62 (71%) darunavir/ritonavir patients remained free of treatment failure (estimated difference 8.2%; 95%CI -0.6 to 21.6); and 71 (79%) atazanavir/ritonavir and 75 (85%) darunavir/ritonavir patients remained free of virological failure (estimated difference 6.3%; 95%CI -0.5 to 17.6). Seven vs. five patients discontinued atazanavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir due to adverse effects. Total and HDL cholesterol similarly increased in both arms, but triglycerides increased more in atazanavir/ritonavir arm. At 96 weeks, body fat (estimated difference 2862.2 gr; 95%CI 726.7 to 4997.7; P=0.0090), limb fat (estimated difference 1403.3 gr; 95%CI 388.4 to 2418.2; P=0.0071), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (estimated difference 28.4 cm2; 95%CI 1.9 to 55.0; P=0.0362) increased more in atazanavir/ritonavir than in darunavir/ritonavir arm. Body fat changes in atazanavir/ritonavir arm were associated with higher insulin resistance. Conclusions. We found no major differences between atazanavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir in efficacy, clinically-relevant side effects, or plasma cholesterol fractions. However, atazanavir/ritonavir led to higher triglycerides and total and subcutaneous fat than darunavir/ritonavir and fat gains with atazanavir/ritonavir were associated with insulin resistanceThis is an Investigator Sponsored Research study. It was supported in part by research grants from Bristol‐Myers Squibb and Janssen‐Cilag; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI12/01217) and Red Temática Cooperativa de Investigación en SIDA G03/173 (RIS‐EST11), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain. (Registration number: NCT01274780; registry name: ATADAR; EUDRACT; 2010‐021002‐38)

Basal forebrain atrophy along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in adults with Down syndrome

[Background] Basal forebrain (BF) degeneration occurs in Down syndrome (DS)-associated Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics of BF atrophy with age and disease progression, its impact on cognition, and its relationship with AD biomarkers have not been studied in DS.[Methods] We included 234 adults with DS (150 asymptomatic, 38 prodromal AD, and 46 AD dementia) and 147 euploid controls. BF volumes were extracted from T-weighted magnetic resonance images using a stereotactic atlas in SPM12. We assessed BF volume changes with age and along the clinical AD continuum and their relationship to cognitive performance, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and hippocampal volume.[Results] In DS, BF volumes decreased with age and along the clinical AD continuum and significantly correlated with amyloid, tau, and neurofilament light chain changes in CSF and plasma, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance.[Discussion] BF atrophy is a potentially valuable neuroimaging biomarker of AD-related cholinergic neurodegeneration in DS.This study was supported by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitario, Carlos III Health Institute (PI20/01473 to JF, PI13/01532, PI16/01825 to RB, PI18/00335 to MCI, PI18/00435 to DA, PI14/1561, PI20/01330 to AL, PI20/00613 to MJG) and the CIBERNED Program 1. This work was also supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (1R01AG056850-01A1; 3RF1AG056850-01S1; AG056850, R21AG056974, and R01AG061566 to JF; P30AG066512 and P01AG060882 to TW), Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (IIBSP-DOW-2020-151 to JF), and the European Union's Horizon 2020, ‘MES-CoBraD’ (H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020 / GA 965422 to JF). MRA acknowledges support from the Alzheimer's Association Research Fellowship to Promote Diversity (AARF-D) Program (AARFD-21-852492). MFI acknowledges support from the Jérôme Lejeune postdoctoral award and pilot grant (#1941). AB acknowledges support from a Miguel Servet grant (CP20/00038) from the Carlos III Health Institute. MJG acknowledges support from a Miguel Servet grant (CP19/00031) from the Carlos III Health Institute. MCI acknowledges support from the Alzheimer's Association and Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI_ALZ-18-543740), the Jérôme Lejeune Foundation (#1913 Cycle 2019B), and the Societat Catalana de Neurologia (Premi Beca Fundació SCN 2020). LVA was supported by Margarita Salas junior postdoctoral fellowship (UNI/551/2021, NextGenerationUE). VM and NVT acknowledge support from predoctoral grants from the Carlos III Health Institute (FI18/00275 to VM and FI22/00077 to NVT). MA and JA were supported by the Río Hortega Fellowship from Carlos III Health Institute (CM19/00066 to MA and CM21/00243 to JA). CP acknowledges support from a Sara Borrell Fellowship (CP20/00133) from the Carlos III Health Institute. HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532), the European Research Council (#681712 and #101053962), Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-71320), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809-2016862), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer's Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C and #ADSF-21-831377-C), the Bluefield Project, the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2022-0270), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860197 (MIRIADE), the European Union Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND2021-00694), and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UKDRI-1003). KB is supported by the Swedish Research Council (#2017-00915), the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-930351, #AF-939721 and #AF-968270), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243 and #ALZ2022-0006), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (#ALFGBG-715986 and #ALFGBG-965240), and the Alzheimer's Association 2021 Zenith Award (ZEN-21-848495).Peer reviewe