Casarões do centro histórico da cidade de Pelotas, RS, brasil: esculturas em faiança portuguesa

O presente trabalho buscou contribuir para a valorização do patrimônio cultural pelotense com a divulgação de uma pesquisa técnico-científica cujo tema é tão pouco conhecido dos pesquisadores da área de conservação e restauro as esculturas em faiança existentes nas fachadas dos casarões de Pelotas. A estatuária em faiança, por sua vez, é uma pequena parte do grande acervo a céu aberto que possui a cidade histórica de Pelotas, localizada no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para contribuir com os restauradores pelotenses envolvidos com esta problemática, desenvolveu-se este trabalho que apresenta informações sobre a identificação e a análise do estado de conservação de esculturas em faiança portuguesa existentes na platibanda do casarão Barão de Cacequi, casarão Barão de São Luís e casarão Barão de Butuí, localizados na Praça Pedro Osório, n0. 8,6,2, no Centro Histórico da cidade de Pelotas

Caracterización del revestimiento externo e identificación de fenómenos patológicos en la catedral de San Francisco de Paula (Pelotas/Río Grande del Sur, Brasil)

San Francisco de Paula Cathedral, a nineteenth century neoclassical building, epitomizes the ballooning population and thriving economy that prevailed in Brazil at the time. Ever since its construction in 1813 under an initiative of Felício da Costa Pereira and donor Antonio Francisco de los Ángeles (Almanaque Pelotas, 1914; p. 176), it underwent enlargements, changes and remodelling. It acquired its present appearance in 1948, when the outside walls were surfaced with a blend of cement, sand and isinglass, locally known as “combed cement”. That surfacing is presently in the process of maintenance and restoration. In light of the scant and incipient literature on the subject, a study was conducted prior to rehabilitation to analyze the construction system used in the building, characterize the surfacing both physically and chemically, and identify visible pathologies.La catedral de San Francisco de Paula es un edificio en el estilo neo-renacentista, construido en el siglo XIX, que bien representa el exuberante crecimiento poblacional y económico de la época. Su edificio, que fue construido en 1813, por iniciativa del vicario Felício da Costa Pereira y del donatario de la capitanía Antonio Francisco de los Ángeles (Almanaque Pelotas, 1914; p. 176), sufrió ampliaciones, modificaciones y reformas hasta asumir su forma y apariencia definitiva, en 1948, con la aplicación en las paredes externas de un revestimiento de cemento, arena y mica, conocido en la región como cemento peinado. Actualmente, la catedral se encuentra en etapa de mantenimiento y recuperación del referido revestimiento. Teniendo en cuenta que las investigaciones bibliográficas sobre este tipo de revestimiento son incipientes, lo que dificulta su mantenimiento, se llevó a cabo un estudio inicial para su recuperación. Para esto, se hizo el análisis de la construcción del edificio, la caracterización química y física del revestimiento y la identificación de fenómenos patológicos visibles

O processo de produção de vitrais sob a ótica da tradição

It's impossible to make a discussion about stained glass without bringing up the concepts of tradition. The manual process of stained glass manufacture is based on the knowledge transmitted from generation to generation, and this process has changed just a little until today. The overlaps of glasses colored or not in the plumb gutter define the production of stained glass and this manufacture process is a well-known process since the middle age. This kind of artisanal technique would not remain to date if there were no memory and tradition to use this practice. Such practice originates from the hierarchic relationship of masters and apprentices. Concentrating on the vision that the memory and tradition are fonts of a cultural and patrimonial identity, this work studied the historical, artisanal and technological process of stained glass manufacture and their close link with the tradition and the knowledge. We also reflected about innovation and continuity of the process of stained glass production.Não se pode falar em vitral sem responder a aspectos de conceitos de tradição. O processo de trabalho manual que envolve a produção vitral baseia-se na memória contida no conhecimento transmitido de geração a geração, que a pratica de atelier pouco mudou, visto que a fabricação do vitral está basicamente vinculada ao seu processo de obtenção. A justaposição de vidros, coloridos ou não, e uma calha de chumbo é que define a produção do vitral e esse processo se encontra amadurecido desde a Idade Média. Esta arte não chegaria aos dias de hoje se não houvesse a memória e a tradição desta prática artesanal, originária de uma hierarquia formada por mestres e aprendizes. Focado na visão de que a memória e a tradição são fontes de identidade cultural e patrimonial, no presente trabalho, fez-se um estudo sobre o processo histórico, artesanal e tecnológico de produção de vitrais e seu estreito vínculo com o saber e a tradição. Refletiu-se, também, sobre a tradição e os aspectos de inovação e continuidade do processo de produção de vitrais

Wood under fresh water: Effect on the chemical properties and on decay resistance

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of waterlogging on the chemical properties and on decay resistance of two fast-growing eucalypt species. Samples of spotted gum and rose gum wood were placed underwater and taken out at different times: after 4, 8 and 12 months. Chemical properties were performed via wet chemical quantification (Tappi standards), monomeric sugars by HPLC, and qualitative evaluation of extractives by Py-GC/MS and ATR-IR spectroscopy; biological performance was investigated using Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum rot fungi. The results showed slight changes to the chemical properties of both wood species, with an increase in lignin represented by the reduction of sugars due to waterlogging. Both species showed higher susceptibility to Gloeophyllum trabeum mainly in the sapwood, with no influence on decay resistance due the waterlogging

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale