Hemossiderose Pulmonar: Revisão Casuística da Consulta de Hematologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Dona Estefânia Durante o Período 1976-1994

Os autores fazem uma análise retrospectiva dos processos de crianças com hemossiderose pulmonar (HP) inscritas na Consulta de Hematologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Dona Estefânia no período de 1976 a 1994. Foram caracterizados o sexo e a raça dos doentes, a idade de aparecimento da sintomatologia inicial, o período que decorreu entre esta e a confirmação do diagnóstico e os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e radiológicos respeitantes ao diagnóstico, terapêutica e evolução clínica. A propósito desta entidade nosológica, é feita uma revisão bibliográfica. Confirma-se que a HP é uma doença rara, que inicialmente se apresenta com um quadro de anemia ferropénica arrastada com ou sem sintomatologia respiratória. O diagnóstico faz-se pelo achado de hemossiderófagos no lavado gástrico ou bronco-alvéolar. A etiopatogenia mantém-se desconhecida e a corticoterapia continua a ser a terapêutica mais eficaz no controlo da hemorragia pulmonar. A doença tem uma evolução inconstante, persistente ou intermitente, com um prognóstico variável, geralmente grave

O Valor dos Indices Plaquetários na Púrpura Trombocitopénica Imune e Leucémia Linfo e Mieloblástica Aguda. Bases Clínico-Laboratoriais no Contributo para o Diagnóstico Diferencial Entre Estas Duas Patologias

Os autores apresentam um trabalho onde se pretende avaliar a utilidade dos índices plaquetários — volume plaquetário médio (VPM) e o coeficiente de variação do diâmetro plaquetário (CVDP ou PDW = Platelet Distribution Width) — e do número de plaquetas (PLAQ) no diagnóstico diferencial da trombocitopénia na púrpura trombocitopénica aguda (PTI) e na leucémia linfoblástica ou mieloblástica aguda (LLAULMA). Do mesmo modo, estudam comparativamente os dados clínicos e laboratoriais nestes dois grupos de doentes. Caracterizam 59 casos de doentes em idade pediátrica com PTI e 19 casos com LLA/LMA, seguidos na Unidade de Hematologia Infantil do Hospital de Dona Estefânia. Concluem não existir diferenças significativas entre as variáveis VPM e PDW entre os dois grupos de doentes. Com base nas três variáveis (VPM, PDW, PLAQ) foi construída uma regra de discriminação que fornece uma boa separação entre os grupos. Da caracterização clínico-laboratorial ressaltaram diferenças significativas entre as duas entidades nosológicas, o que permitiria prescindir a realização do mielograma para exclusão do diagnóstico de LLA/LMA numa criança com trombocitopénia significativa isolada

Um Caso Clínico de Ependimoma do Filum Terminal

Os ependimomas são tumores sólidos com origem nas células que delimitam o sistema ventricular e o canal ependimário. A sua localização habitual varia com a idade e, nos ependimomas espinhais, a sintomatologia é inespecífica o que motiva diagnósticos tardios. Os autores descrevem o caso clínico de uma criança de 9 anos de idade, com dor lombosagrada, alteração da marcha, postura anti-álgica e inversão da lordose lombar. A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) revelou um -tumor da cauda equina (filum terminal). Procedeu-se à excisão completa do tumor; o exame histológico permitiu diagnosticar um ependimoma mixo-papilar do filum terminal. No pós-operatório verificou-se retenção urinária transitória que resolveu gradualmente. Dois anos após a cirurgia o doente encontra-se assintomático persistindo apenas ausência dos reflexos aquilianos. Faz-se uma pequena abordagem das manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e terapêutica dos ependimomas espinhais

Trend analysis of the quality indicators for the Brazilian cervical cancer screening programme by region and state from 2006 to 2013

Quality indicators for the Brazilian cervical cancer screening programme can provide a perspective on its effectiveness in Brazilian macro-regions and states. The aim of this study was to perform a trend analysis of the cervical cancer screening program's quality indicators, according to Brazilian regions and states, from 2006 to 2013.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adaptive Developmental Delay in Chagas Disease Vectors: An Evolutionary Ecology Approach

The developmental time of vector insects is important to their population dynamics, evolutionary biology, epidemiology of the diseases they transmit, and to their responses to global climatic change. In various triatomine species vectors of Chagas disease (Triatominae, Reduviidae), a delay in the molt of a small proportion of individuals has been observed, and from an evolutionary ecology approach, we propose the hypothesis that the developmental delay is an adaptation to environmental stochasticity through a spreading of risk (bet-hedging) diapause strategy. We confirmed, by means of a survey among specialists, the existence of the developmental delay in triatomines. Statistical descriptions of the developmental time of 11 species of triatomines showed some degree of bi-modality in nine of them. We predicted by means of an optimization model which genotype, coding for a given frequency of developmental diapause, is expected to evolve. We identified a series of parameters that can be measured in the field and in the laboratory to test the hypothesis of an optimal diapause frequency. We also discuss the importance of these findings for triatomines in terms of global climatic change and epidemiological consequences such as their resistance to insecticides

Risk Factors and Characterization of Plasmodium Vivax-Associated Admissions to Pediatric Intensive Care Units in the Brazilian Amazon

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax is responsible for a significant proportion of malaria cases worldwide and is increasingly reported as a cause of severe disease. The objective of this study was to characterize severe vivax disease among children hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in the Western Brazilian Amazon, and to identify risk factors associated with disease severity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this retrospective study, clinical records of 34 children, 0-14 years of age hospitalized in the 11 public pediatric and neonatal ICUs of the Manaus area, were reviewed. P. falciparum monoinfection or P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infection was diagnosed by microscopy in 10 cases, while P. vivax monoinfection was confirmed in the remaining 24 cases. Two of the 24 patients with P. vivax monoinfection died. Respiratory distress, shock and severe anemia were the most frequent complications associated with P. vivax infection. Ninety-one children hospitalized with P. vivax monoinfections but not requiring ICU were consecutively recruited in a tertiary care hospital for infectious diseases to serve as a reference population (comparators). Male sex (p = 0.039), age less than five years (p = 0.028), parasitemia greater than 500/mm(3) (p = 0.018), and the presence of any acute (p = 0.023) or chronic (p = 0.017) co-morbidity were independently associated with ICU admission. At least one of the WHO severity criteria for malaria (formerly validated for P. falciparum) was present in 23/24 (95.8%) of the patients admitted to the ICU and in 17/91 (18.7%) of controls, making these criteria a good predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.001). The only investigated criterion not associated with ICU admission was hyperbilirubinemia (p = 0.513)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study points to the importance of P. vivax-associated severe disease in children, causing 72.5% of the malaria admissions to pediatric ICUs. WHO severity criteria demonstrated good sensitivity in predicting severe P. vivax infection in this small case series

Spatial Evaluation and Modeling of Dengue Seroprevalence and Vector Density in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Dengue is a major public health problem in many tropical regions of the world, including Brazil, where Aedes aegypti is the main vector. We present a household study that combines data on dengue fever seroprevalence, recent dengue infection, and vector density, in three neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during its most devastating dengue epidemic to date. This integrated entomological–serological survey showed evidence of silent transmission even during a severe epidemic. Also, past exposure to dengue virus was highly associated with age and living in areas of high movement of individuals and social/commercial activity. No association was observed between household infestation index and risk of dengue infection in these areas. Our findings are discussed in the light of current theories regarding transmission thresholds and relative role of mosquitoes and humans as vectors of dengue viruses

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente