A eficácia da terapia antimicrobiana fotodinâmica (aPDT) como tratamento antimicrobiano complementar da periodontite.

Introdução: A periodontite é uma doença infecciosa bacteriana, na região subgengival dos dentes. A destartarização e o raspagem e alisamento radicular cega (SRP) é considerado como o cuidado padrão nos pacientes com periodontite. Contudo, nos lugares com acessos restritos como as bolsas periodontais profundas, o biofilme bacteriano pode permanecer na superfície radicular. Então, o uso complementar de lasers e terapia antimicrobiana fotodinâmica (aPDT) começaram a ser estudados nesses últimos anos como uma terapia complementar. Objetivos: Através de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, identificar a relevância da terapia aPDT no tratamento complementar não cirúrgico (SRP) na periodontite. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados Pubmed, considerado artigos publicados em inglês entre 2016 e 2021, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: “photodynamic therapy”,”chronic Periodontitis”, “dental scaling”, “clinical trial”. Resultados: Foram selecionados 20 artigos depois duma seleção com critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos previamente, dos quais foram adquiridos detalhes em vários parâmetros, protocolos e materiais utilizados para a realização e a avaliação da eficácia da aPDT. Discussão: A aPDT pode ser considerada como uma opção terapêutica válida em adjuvante ao tratamento não cirúrgico da periodontite. Contudo, mais estudos sobre os assuntos dos mecanismos funcionais por trás dos efeitos observados irão ajudar os médicos dentistas na escolha do plano de tratamento mais eficaz e adaptado a cada paciente. Conclusão: A terapia antimicrobiana fotodinâmica (aPDT) parece ser um adjuvante eficaz e promissor ao tratamento não cirúrgico da periodontite. Mais especificamente, o uso de ICG como fotossensibilizador, junto a um plano de tratamento de várias sessões seguidas parece ser a alternativa mais promissor

Qu’en est-il de l’état de santé des myes au Saguenay ? Un bilan d’études sur plus d’une décennie

Le fjord du Saguenay, reconnu pour sa faune diversifiée mais aussi pour la contamination reliée aux activités industrielles et anthropiques, a fait l’objet d’un vaste programme de suivi environnemental, entrepris par notre équipe et qui visait à répondre à la question fondamentale : L’état de santé des myes s’est-il modifié dans le fjord du Saguenay ? Dans cet article de synthèse, nous avons regroupé des résultats déjà publiés sur la condition physiologique de Mya arenaria ainsi que des résultats originaux pour extraire des tendances, de façon à répertorier les sites qui s’avèrent critiques pour le bien-être physiologique de la mye. Mya arenaria (LINNÉ, 1758) ou mye des sables, choisie comme espèce sentinelle, a été échantillonnée de 1994 à 2007, en période de maturité sexuelle, dans des sites situés à l’intérieur du fjord et à son embouchure. Les objectifs de cet article sont de comparer les résultats de différents indices de condition et de suivis hormonaux et de la gamétogenèse de chaque site et en fonction des sexes, pour identifier les sites moins favorables pour la croissance et la reproduction de la mye. Nous avons démontré que les myes de Baie‑Sainte-Catherine subissent des retards de gamétogenèse tandis que les niveaux d’hormones stéroïdiennes sont très bas à Tadoussac. Ces deux sites sont soumis à des influences portuaires et à la circulation navale. Le site de Baie‑Éternité, plus en amont, se caractérise par des influences portuaires (huiles et peintures antisalissures) et une forte contamination métallique de sources urbaines et terrigènes. Anse‑aux‑Érables est un site près des influences industrielles, tandis que Anse‑Saint‑Jean est fortement influencée par les effluents municipaux et domestiques. D’amont en aval sur la rivière Saguenay, les myes des sites Anse‑à‑la‑Croix, Anse‑aux‑Érables, Petit‑Saguenay, Anse‑à‑la‑Barque, Tadoussac et Pointe‑aux‑Alouettes ont montré une croissance moindre. Les sites de Baie‑Éternité, Anse‑aux‑Érables, Anse‑Saint‑Jean et Baie-Sainte-Catherine ont un indice de maturité sexuelle moindre qu’aux autres sites, les données regroupées démontrant que ce sont les sites les plus influencés dans le fjord du Saguenay, résultats corroborés par les résultats de phagocytose. Toutes ces données démontrent que l’état physiologique de la mye répond à différents facteurs, anthropiques, biotiques et abiotiques, et que les sources ponctuelles de contamination viennent renforcer les effets négatifs de paramètres abiotiques telles la température et les conditions trophiques.The Saguenay fjord has been submitted for many years to anthropogenic influences. We surveyed this ecosystem between 1994 and 2007 to assess if Mya arenaria health status was altered by the contamination present in this ecosystem. The physiological condition of clams was determined using grouped annual data from sites at the mouth and in the Saguenay fjord. The results were analyzed according to sex and sites for all the samplings done during the active gametogenesis. The aims of this paper are to compare results of condition signs, gametogenesis stages and hormonal levels between sites and according to sex, to finally identify which sites were less favorable for the growth and reproduction of clams. We have shown that clams from Baie-Sainte-Catherine had delayed gametogenesis while those from Tadoussac showed very low steroid hormonal levels. Portuary and naval circulation influences could explain these particular results that also correspond to those from phagocytosis. Upstream in Baie‑Éternité, portuary influences (oils, anti-fouling paints) and metallic inputs from urban and terrigenous sources were reported. In Anse-aux-Érables, metallic contamination comes from industrial sources, while Anse-Saint‑Jean is influenced by sewage discharges from domestic and urban origin. From upstream to downstream, clams from Anse‑à‑la‑Croix, Anse‑aux‑Érables, Petit‑Saguenay, Anse‑à‑la‑Barque, Tadoussac and Pointe‑aux‑Alouettes showed decreased growth. Baie‑Éternité, Anse‑aux‑Érables, Anse‑Saint‑Jean and Baie-Sainte-Catherine sites, with their lower sexual maturity index and decreased phagocytosis, were shown to be the more influenced by contamination. All these data show that physiological condition of Mya arenaria reflects the combined effects of abiotic factors such as contamination, trophic conditions and site characteristics

Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides and Microwaveguides

Lithium niobate has attracted much attention since the 1970s due to its capacity to modify the light by means of an electric control. In this chapter, we review the evolution of electro-optical (EO) lithium niobate waveguides throughout the years, from Ti-indiffused waveguides to photonic crystals. The race toward ever smaller EO components with ever-lower optical losses and power consumption has stimulated numerous studies, the challenge consisting of strongly confining the light while preserving low losses. We show how waveguides have evolved toward ridges or thin film-based microguides to increase the EO efficiency and reduce the driving voltage. In particular, a focus is made on an easy-to-implement technique using a circular precision saw to produce thin ridge waveguides or suspended membranes with low losses

LiNbO3 ridge waveguides realized by precision dicing on silicon for high efficiency second harmonic generation

Nonlinear periodically poled ridge LiNbO3 waveguides have been fabricated on silicon substrates. Components are carved with only use of a precision dicing machine without need for grinding or polishing steps. They show efficient second harmonic generation at telecommunication wavelengths with normalized conversion reaching 204%/W in a 15 mm long device. Influence of geometrical non uniformities of waveguides due to fabrication process is asserted. Components characteristics are studied notably their robustness and tunability versus temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

A single-source C++20 HLS flow for function evaluation on FPGA and beyond

International audienceThis paper presents a framework to reuse the intelligence of RTL generators in a single-source HLS setting. This framework is illustrated by a C++ fixed-point library to generate mathematical function evaluator. A compiler flow from C++20 to Vivado IPs has been developed to make the library usable with Vitis HLS. This flow is demonstrated on two applications: an adder for the logarithmic number system, and additive sound synthesis. These experiments show that the approach allows to easily tune the precision of the types used in the application. They also demonstrate the ability to generate arbitrary function evaluator at the required precision

Sanctuaire de source, sanctuaire des eaux ou simple sanctuaire en milieu humide? Découverte d'un complexe cultuel antique à Magny-Cours (Nièvre)

In advance of the future extension of the "technopole" and the construction of a service station in the district of Magny-Cours, the undertaking of two evaluations covering 15 hectares and 4 hectares, respectively, has revealed dense occupation of the site from the Neolithic period to the Middle Ages. The most important remains are associated with the Roman period and belong to a complex endowed with public buildings including several temples in an organised arrangement. This paper, preliminary to a larger study that will report on the whole of the site, is concerned specifically with the results obtained in a waterlogged area comprised within a zone that was excluded from the rescue excavations. Located near the cult buildings, this area was found to contain a deposit of ex-votos belonging to the beginning of the Roman era.À l'occasion de la future extension du " technopole " sur la commune de Magny-Cours et la création d'une aire de service, la réalisation de deux diagnostics sur 15 ha et 4 ha a permis la mise en évidence d'une occupation dense du Néolithique au Moyen Âge. La période antique rassemble l'essentiel des vestiges, appartenant à un complexe doté de monuments publics dont plusieurs temples à plan centré. Cet article, préambule à une étude globale qui concernera l'ensemble du site, se limite à la présentation des résultats acquis dans une zone humide exclue de la fouille préventive. Située à proximité d'édifices cultuels, elle a livré un dépôt d'ex-voto remontant au début de la période romaine

Compressed representation of a partially defined integer function over multiple arguments

In OLAP (OnLine Analitical Processing) data are analysed in an n-dimensional cube. The cube may be represented as a partially defined function over n arguments. Considering that often the function is not defined everywhere, we ask: is there a known way of representing the function or the points in which it is defined, in a more compact manner than the trivial one

Green Edge ice camp campaigns : understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies

Human Cysteine Cathepsins Are Not Reliable Markers of Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis

Cysteine cathepsins have emerged as new players in inflammatory lung disorders. Their activities are dramatically increased in the sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, suggesting that they are involved in the pathophysiology of CF. We have characterized the cathepsins in CF expectorations and evaluated their use as markers of colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The concentrations of active cathepsins B, H, K, L and S were the same in P. aeruginosa-positive (19 Ps+) and P. aeruginosa-negative (6 Ps−) samples, unlike those of human neutrophil elastase. Also the cathepsin inhibitory potential and the cathepsins/cathepsin inhibitors imbalance remained unchanged and similar (∼2-fold) in the Ps+ and Ps− groups (p<0.001), which correlated with the breakdown of their circulating cystatin-like inhibitors (kininogens). Procathepsins, which may be activated autocatalytically, are a potential proteolytic reservoir. Immunoblotting and active-site labeling identified the double-chain cathepsin B, the major cathepsin in CF sputum, as the main molecular form in both Ps+ and Ps− samples, despite the possible release of the ∼31 kDa single-chain form from procathepsin B by sputum elastase. Thus, the hydrolytic activity of cysteine cathepsins was not correlated with bacterial colonization, indicating that cathepsins, unlike human neutrophil elastase, are not suitable markers of P. aeruginosa infection

Des routes et des hommes : la construction des échanges par les itinéraires et les transports

Les circulations humaines façonnent le paysage montagnard, traçant les routes qui permettent de franchir les obstacles, de créer un lien avec la plaine, de développer les activités économiques. Portant sur une diversité de territoires, cet ouvrage nous invite à mieux comprendre comment l’homme a ouvert des passages pour dépasser les frontières naturelles et culturelles des montagnes. La présentation de découvertes archéologiques, l’analyse de sources méconnues, l’étude du rôle de la technique et de la cartographie en dressent un panorama allant de l’Antiquité au xxe siècle. Le Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque année universitaires, membres de sociétés savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux présentés lors du 142e Congrès sur le thème « Circulations montagnardes, circulations européennes »