493 research outputs found
Cross-national differences in the labour force attachment of mothers in Western and Eastern Europe
This paper examines cross-national differences in the labour force attachment of two
specific subgroups of mothers: the stay-at-home mothers (homemakers) and those on
maternity or parental leave. The justification for focusing on homemakers is that these
women constitute an untapped source of labour and are among those who would need
to join the labour market in order to reach the EU employment target. As to those on
leave, their temporary absence from work means that they will soon be facing a time
when they have to decide whether or not to return to the labour market. They are
therefore also a key group to consider. In this paper, the characteristics and labour
market intentions of these two subgroups of women are analysed using data from the
Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) for ten countries: five Western European
countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Italy), and five Eastern European
countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Lithuania, Romania and the Russian Federation).
This paper is structured as follows. It first reviews the literature on womenâs
employment by focusing on both individual and macro-level factors, including values,
education and family circumstances. It then moves on to a presentation of the data and
methods, followed by the results of the data analysis. The paper concludes with a
discussion of the results and their policy implications.
PrĂŠface
Le Generations and Gender Programme (GGP) est une infrastructure de recherche dĂŠdiĂŠe Ă lâĂŠtude des parcours de vie incluant les dynamiques familiales, les relations de genre,et les ĂŠchanges entre gĂŠnĂŠrations. Il sâagit dâune infrastructure unique en sciences sociales, tant par sa composante longitudinale et internationale que par sa couverture, sur toute la pĂŠriode de lââge adulte. FondĂŠe il y a plus de 15 ans, elle compte Ă ce jour des donnĂŠes de plus de vingt pays en Europe et outre-mer1 . Sa banque de donnĂŠes inclut les histoires de vie de plus de 200000 individus et sâest taillĂŠe une place importante au sein du paysage europĂŠen des grandes infrastructures de recherche
PrĂŠface
Le Generations and Gender Programme (GGP) est une infrastructure de recherche dĂŠdiĂŠe Ă lâĂŠtude des parcours de vie incluant les dynamiques familiales, les relations de genre,et les ĂŠchanges entre gĂŠnĂŠrations. Il sâagit dâune infrastructure unique en sciences sociales, tant par sa composante longitudinale et internationale que par sa couverture, sur toute la pĂŠriode de lââge adulte. FondĂŠe il y a plus de 15 ans, elle compte Ă ce jour des donnĂŠes de plus de vingt pays en Europe et outre-mer1 . Sa banque de donnĂŠes inclut les histoires de vie de plus de 200000 individus et sâest taillĂŠe une place importante au sein du paysage europĂŠen des grandes infrastructures de recherche
PrĂŠface
Le Generations and Gender Programme (GGP) est une infrastructure de recherche dĂŠdiĂŠe Ă lâĂŠtude des parcours de vie incluant les dynamiques familiales, les relations de genre,et les ĂŠchanges entre gĂŠnĂŠrations. Il sâagit dâune infrastructure unique en sciences sociales, tant par sa composante longitudinale et internationale que par sa couverture, sur toute la pĂŠriode de lââge adulte. FondĂŠe il y a plus de 15 ans, elle compte Ă ce jour des donnĂŠes de plus de vingt pays en Europe et outre-mer1 . Sa banque de donnĂŠes inclut les histoires de vie de plus de 200000 individus et sâest taillĂŠe une place importante au sein du paysage europĂŠen des grandes infrastructures de recherche
Silicon Drift Detector Readout Electronics for a Compton Camera
A prototype detector for Compton camera imaging is under development. A
monolithic array of 19 channel Silicon drift detector with on-chip electronics
is going to be used as a scatter detector for the prototype system. Custom
designed analog and digital readout electronics for this detector was first
tested by using a single cell Silicon drift detector. This paper describes the
readout architecture and presents the results of the measurement.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth.
Distributional impacts of cash allowances for children: A microsimulation analysis for Russia and Europe
This article analyses programmes of cash allowances for children and compares their effectiveness in combating child poverty in Russia and four European Union (EU) countries representing alternative family policy models â Sweden, Germany, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Using microsimulation models, this article estimates the potential gains if the Russian system were re-designed along the policy parameters of these countries and vice versa. The results confirm that the poverty impact of the programme design is smaller than that of the level of spending. Other conditions being equal, the best distributional outcomes for children are achieved by applying the mix of universal and means-tested child benefits, such as those employed by the United Kingdom and Belgium. At the same time, the Russian design of child allowances does not appear to be less effective in terms of its impact on child poverty when transferred to European countries in place of their current arrangements
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset
corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected
during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.
The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the
couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and
right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary
mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b,
leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing
transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W'
boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to
the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for
masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC
data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed
coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant
improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe
Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV
A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The
analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC
from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an
integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross
section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected
exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the
standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The
analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model
Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The
largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is
observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance
of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local
significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is
estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of
this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section
ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum
pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7
TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are
based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi
Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and
Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times
the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls
faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the
branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06
+/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for
anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are
statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final
states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and
missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a
center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to
an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two
complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a
specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic
edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of
dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states
including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and
missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the
standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to
the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a
region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric
extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector
efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM
physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
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