Abecedario esencial. Anne Berning: Encyclopaedic Incompleteness

Gran parte del legado cultural que nos precede y al tiempo nos ilumina está presente en los libros; entendamos estos como enormes contenedores de sabiduría en los que se hace necesario volver con insistencia para encontrar respuestas, dando rienda suelta a los anhelos de una incipiente curiosidad

Geografías del agua: Del inconsciente estático a la mirada líquida

Es posible que la delicada orografía sobre la que se alza gran parte de la producción contemporánea sea tan sólo un pequeño rescoldo de otras presencias, acaso estancias por las que transita el artista mientras la realidad se nutre de su imaginación allá en el exterior, allá en las proximidades de la creación misma

Administration time effect of dietary proanthocyanidins on the metabolome of Fischer 344 rats is sex- and diet-dependent

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are one of the most commonly ingested polyphenols in the human diet, with a wide range of beneficial health effects. Remarkably, PAs have been reported to influence core and peripheral clock genes expression, and their effects may change in a time-of-day dependent manner. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the capacity of PAs to modulate the metabolome is conditioned by the time-of-day in which these compounds are consumed in a diet- and sexdependent manner. To do this, a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) was administered to female and male Fischer 344 rats at ZT0 (in the morning) and ZT12 (at night) and the GSPE administration time effect was evaluated on clock genes expression, melatonin hormone and serum metabolite levels in a healthy and obesogenic context. The results showed an administration time effect of GSPE on the metabolome in a sex and diet-dependent manner. Specifically, there was an effect on amino acid, lipid and cholate metabolite levels that correlated with the central clock genes expression. Therefore, this study shows a strong influence of sex and diet on the PAs effects on the metabolome, modulated in turn by the time-of-day

Incidence of and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in Southern Spain after one year of pandemic

Whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently unknown. Prospective serologic studies may allow seroincidence analyses, where all infections are accurately identified. Because of this, we evaluated the incidence of associated factors with and the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH in Southern Spain. This prospective cohort study included PLWH from a Tertiary University Hospital in Southern Spain. Patients were enrolled in the study if (1) they had attended as outpatients our Unit from 1 August 2019 to 8 February 2020 and (2) had two subsequent evaluations from 9 February 2020 to 4 March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed by PCR, antigen detection or serology. Seven hundred and nine PLWH were included in the study. Of them, 55 [7.8%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.9%-9.9%] patients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Between 18 May and 29 November 2020, the rate of seroconversion was 5.3% (95% CI: 3.1%-9.0%) for the general population in the area of Seville and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.6%) for PLWH in this study (p = .001). After multivariable analysis, adjusted by age, sex, and risk factors for HIV infection, active tobacco use and CDC stage, active tobacco smoking was the only factor independently associated with lower risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection [Incidence rate ratio: 0.29 (95% CI 0.16-0.55) p < .001]. In conclusion, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH in Southern Spain during the ongoing pandemic was lower than that reported for the general population in the same area.This work was supported in part by the Instituto de Salud CarlosIII (Project ‘PI16/01443’), integrated in the national I+D+i 2013–2016andco-fundedbytheEuropeanUnion(ERDF/ESF,‘Investinginyour future’), by the Spanish Network for AIDS investigation (RIS)(www.red.es/redes/inicio)(RD16/0025/0010,RD16/0025/0040),asapartoftheNacionalI+D+I,ISCIIISubdirecciónGeneraldeEvaluaciónand the European Fund for Development of Regions (FEDER). JuanA.PinedareceivedaresearchextensiongrantfromtheProgramadeIntensificacióndelaActividaddeInvestigacióndelServicioNacionaldeSaludCarlosIII(I3SNS).FedericoGarciareceivedaresearchextensiongrantfromtheProgramadeIntensificacióndelaActividaddeInves-tigacióndelServicioAndaluzdeSalud.AnaïsCorma-GomezreceivedaRíoHortegagrantfromtheInstitutodeSaludCarlosIII(grantnum-ber CM19/00251). Funding for open access charge: Universidad deMálaga/CBU

Uso de compuestos nutracéuticos en nuevas formulaciones de piensos acuícolas

Trabajo presentado en las X Jornadas de Acuicultura en el Litoral Suratlántico: Nuevos retos y perspectivas para la sostenibilidad de la acuicultura, celebrado entre el 22 y 23 de noviembre de 2023 en Huelva.[EN] Different strategies have been followed to improve the aquaculture of main European farmed fish, such as genetic selection, refinements in culture conditions or enhanced feed formulation and management. However, more knowledge is required to exploit fish phenotypic plasticity to obtain those that better match aquaculture or market conditions. The overall objective of this mini-review is to identify the latest productive traits recently performed, mainly in commercial carnivorous species, and underlying biological processes that would be susceptible to improve the competitivity of aquaculture sector through nutritional issues. Thus, this work is framed within the concepts of Circular Economy and Blue Growth, where it is intended to point out the use of natural compounds extracted from seaweeds, microalgae and by-products of the industry for their inclusion in aquafeeds, allowing a more efficient use of more sustainable vegetable protein sources, and also to evaluate if these nutraceutical compounds counteract detrimental effects observed by nutritional interventions or environmentally challenged.[ES] La producción acuícola ha seguido diferentes estrategias para su optimización a lo largo de las últimas décadas, como el desarrollo de la selección genética, la mejora de las condiciones de cultivo, o el avance en la formulación y gestión de los piensos. Sin embargo, se requiere más conocimiento para explotar la plasticidad fenotípica de los peces para obtener aquellos que se ajusten mejor a las condiciones de la acuicultura o del mercado. El objetivo general de esta mini-revisión es identificar los últimos avances realizados recientemente, principalmente en especies carnívoras comerciales, y los procesos biológicos subyacentes que serían susceptibles de mejorar la competitividad del sector acuícola a través de intervenciones nutricionales. Así, este trabajo se enmarca dentro de los conceptos de Economía Circular y Crecimiento Azul, donde se pretende señalar el uso de compuestos naturales extraídos de algas, microalgas y subproductos de la industria para su inclusión en alimentos acuícolas, permitiendo un uso más eficiente de fuentes de proteínas vegetales más sostenibles, y también evaluar si estos compuestos nutracéuticos son capaces de contrarrestar los efectos perjudiciales observados por las formulaciones inadecuadas o desafiados por factores ambientales estresantes.This work was supported by the Projects “FEDER-UCA18-107182”, “FisioBream-II Call for Young Researchers CEI⋅MAR 2019”, “ALGAE4FISH-CEI·MAR Empresa 2018”, “VALINVA-CEI·MAR Empresa 2019”, “SeriBlue-CEI·MAR Empresa 2020”, and co-financed by the spin-off LifeBioencapsulation S.L. (Almería) and Biotechnology Biopolym S.A. (Granada)

La creación de conocimiento en los deportes de equipo. Sobre el tamaño de la muestra y la generalización de los resultados

La ciencia se ha incorporado de una manera definitiva al deporte. Las decisiones que toman los preparadores están soportadas cada vez más por el conocimiento científico. Al finalizar un entrenamiento o un partido, cualquier deportista traslada a los técnicos una enorme cantidad de datos de todo tipo. Si se ha utilizado un dispositivo de localización GPS, el preparador físico sabrá qué distancia ha recorrido cada jugador durante la sesión, a que velocidades, con qué frecuencia se han producido la acciones técnicotácticas, las aceleraciones y desaceleraciones, la potencia de golpeo,… Si además el club dispone de sistemas todavía más sofisticados de recogida de información podrá recopilar el número de pases, los lanzamientos, la distancia entre jugadores, los mapas de calor de cada jugador,… Incluso es posible que se interrogue al deportista acerca de su percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo o su estado de ánimo. Los grandes clubes deportivos son verdaderos centros de I+D+I, preocupados por investigar todos los aspectos que puedan mejorar el rendimiento de los deportistas. Cada equipo dispone de un pequeño ejército de analistas, preparadores físicos, fisioterapeutas, recuperadores, ayudantes,… que intentan aportar desde su parcela datos para incrementar la probabilidad de ganar.&nbsp

Sci (Simple Cluster Interface): arquitectura para la gestión de tareas de usuario en un cluster a través de la web

La arquitectura presentada en esta patente, llamada Simple Cluster Interface (SCI), permite al usuario hacer uso de los recursos de computación a través de la web, eliminando la necesidad de introducir comandos por consola. La facilidad que da esta arquitectura, extiende el uso de recursos de computación, hasta ahora elitistas, a un mayor número de investigadores sin la condición de tener un perfil técnico avanzado, contando con un protocolo de seguridad en el intercambio de ficheros basado en la generación de un mapa XML.Españ

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Izaña Atmospheric Research Center. Activity Report 2019-2020

Editors: Emilio Cuevas, Celia Milford and Oksana Tarasova.[EN]The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), is a site of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife including the high altitude Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. The Izaña Atmospheric Observatory was inaugurated in 1916 and since that date has carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations, contributing towards a unique 100-year record in 2016. This reports are a summary of the many activities at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center to the broader community. The combination of operational activities, research and development in state-of-the-art measurement techniques, calibration and validation and international cooperation encompass the vision of WMO to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental issues.[ES]El Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña (CIAI), que forma parte de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología de España (AEMET), representa un centro de excelencia en ciencias atmosféricas. Gestiona cuatro observatorios en Tenerife, incluido el Observatorio de Izaña de gran altitud, inaugurado en 1916 y que desde entonces ha realizado observaciones meteorológicas y climatológicas ininterrumpidas y se ha convertido en una estación centenaria de la OMM. Estos informes resumen las múltiples actividades llevadas a cabo por el Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña. El liderazgo del Centro en materia de investigación y desarrollo con respecto a las técnicas de medición, calibración y validación de última generación, así como la cooperación internacional, le han otorgado una reputación sobresaliente en lo que se refiere al tiempo, el clima, la hidrología y otros temas ambientales afines