Helping the Medicine Go Down: How a Spoonful of Mediation Can Alleviate the Problems of Medical Malpractice Litigation

Published in cooperation with the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolutio

Concert recording 2019-11-25

[Track 1]. Come paride vezzozo from L\u27elisir d\u27amore / Gaetano Donizetti -- [Track 2]. Apparition / Claude Debussy -- [Track 3]. Ebben, nandro lontana from La Wally / Alfredo Catalani -- [Track 4]. Lamento di Federico from L\u27Arlesiana / Francesco Cilea -- [Track 5]. My man\u27s gone now from Porgy and Bess / George Gershwin -- [Track 6]. I carry you heart / John Duke -- [Track 7]. Les oiseaux dans la charmille from Les contes d\u27Hoffmann / Jacques Offenbach -- [Track 8]. La serenata [Track 9]. Penso [Track 10]. Tristezza / Francesco Paolo Tosti -- [Track 11]. Three Browning songs, op. 44. The year\u27s at the spring [Track 12]. Ah! Love, but a day! [Track 13]. I send my heart up to Thee / Amy Beach

The missing link: self-assessment and continuing professional development

The purpose of this paper is to review current understanding of the role of self-assessment in continuing education, particularly in the health professions, and to examine how this knowledge can assist in more effective continuing education. The ongoing debate over compulsory continuing professional development (CPD) has seen a variety of approaches proposed. CPD programmes are expected to foster self-assessing and self-directed practitioners, but the common structure is reported to be largely ineffectual in modifying behaviour. If dentistry is to maintain the rights and privileges of a self-regulating profession, then it must ensure that the development and judgement of ongoing competence is meaningful. Improving practitioners’ knowledge of the how and why of effective self-assessment should improve participation in, and outcomes of, CPD. An oft-repeated observation is that the least competent are the most confident. If this is the case, then the idea that dentists should be able, or entitled, to choose the path of their continuing professional development must be open to question. We propose that development of the ability of practitioners to self-assess their ongoing requirements for CPD is essential if all stakeholders are to get the maximum return for effort.C. Redwood, T. Winning, G. Townsen

Cumulative risk effects for the development of behaviour difficulties in children with special educational needs and disabilities

Research has identified multiple risk factors for the development of behaviour difficulties. What have been less explored are the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple risks on behavioural outcomes, with no study specifically investigating these effects within a population of young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Furthermore, it is unclear whether a threshold or linear risk model better fits the data for this population. The sample included 2660 children and 1628 adolescents with SEND. Risk factors associated with increases in behaviour difficulties over an 18-month period were summed to create a cumulative risk score, with this explanatory variable being added into a multi-level model. A quadratic term was then added to test the threshold model. There was evidence of a cumulative risk effect, suggesting that exposure to higher numbers of risk factors, regardless of their exact nature, resulted in increased behaviour difficulties. The relationship between risk and behaviour difficulties was non-linear, with exposure to increasing risk having a disproportionate and detrimental impact on behaviour difficulties in child and adolescent models. Interventions aimed at reducing behaviour difficulties need to consider the impact of multiple risk variables. Tailoring interventions towards those exposed to large numbers of risks would be advantageous

Early caregiving predicts attachment representations in adolescence: Findings from two longitudinal studies

Background: A growing research base demonstrates that adolescents’ construction of secure attachment relationships may underlie successful social and personal relationships and healthy behavioral adjustment. Little is known about the early caregiving origins of adolescent attachment security; this study provides some of the first data on this topic. Method: The relative contribution of early and current caregiving quality to attachment security in adolescence was assessed in two longitudinal studies of a clinic-referred and an at-risk community sample using identical measures (n=209). Quality of early parent-child relationships at age 3-7 years of age and parent-adolescent relationship quality at approximately 12 years were assessed using observational methods; psychosocial risk was derived from extensive interview and questionnaire assessments; adolescent attachment quality was assessed using a standard attachment interview. Results: Analyses indicated moderate stability in observed parent-child interaction quality from early childhood to adolescence. Observational ratings of both early childhood and current caregiving quality were significantly associated with adolescent attachment security; however, early caregiver sensitivity was more strongly associated with adolescent attachment security and predicted later attachment security independently from current caregiving quality. Follow-up analyses indicated that this longitudinal prediction was significantly weaker in the clinic than in the at-risk community sample. Conclusion: Parental sensitive responding in childhood has enduring effects on attachment representation in adolescence, independent of current parenting relationship quality. These findings provide important new evidence supporting early parenting interventions for promoting youth well-being and adjustment

Performance-based rewards and innovative behaviors

This study investigates the effects of two internal factors, performance-based rewards and employee perceptions of HR strength, and one external factor, country-level uncertainty avoidance, on employee innovative behaviors. Drawing on situational strength theory, we first hypothesize that performance-based rewards will positively relate to innovative behaviors, and secondly, that this relationship is stronger when employees understand the wider Human Resource Management (HRM) system as intended by management, referred to as HR strength. Finally, we assess the effect of uncertainty avoidance on the relationship between performance-based rewards and innovative behaviors. Three-level data from 1598 employees and 186 managers in 29 organizations across ten countries showed that both employee perceptions of HR strength and uncertainty avoidance of a country differentially influence the relationship between performance-based rewards and innovative behaviors. However, a significant relationship between performance-based rewards and innovative behaviors was not found. The study offers novel insights into how organizations can use internal factors in a systematic manner to promote innovative behaviors in their workplace and highlights the limitations of sustaining innovative behaviors in countries characterized by high levels of uncertainty avoidance

The Role of Maternal Depression on Treatment Outcome for Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems

Studies have shown that, on average, Parent Management Training combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy decreases children’s externalizing behavior, but some children do not improve through treatment. The current study aimed to examine the role of maternal depression in understanding this variability in treatment outcome. Children with externalizing behavioral problems and their parents were recruited from combined Parent Management Training and Cognitive-Behavioral programs in “real-world” clinical settings. At pre- and post treatment, maternal depression and children’s externalizing behavior were assessed. Results showed that treatment was less effective for children of depressed mothers compared to non-depressed mothers and that improvements in maternal depression were associated with improvements in children’s externalizing behavior. These findings suggest that treatment programs for children with externalizing problems may be able to improve outcomes if maternal depression is a target of intervention