An electronic nose as a non-destructive analytical tool to identify the geographical origin of portuguese olive oils from two adjacent regions

The geographical traceability of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) is of paramount importance for oil chain actors and consumers. Oils produced in two adjacent Portuguese regions, Côa (36 oils) and Douro (31 oils), were evaluated and fulfilled the European legal thresholds for EVOO categorization. Compared to the Douro region, oils from Côa had higher total phenol contents (505 versus 279 mg GAE/kg) and greater oxidative stabilities (17.5 versus 10.6 h). The majority of Côa oils were fruity-green, bitter, and pungent oils. Conversely, Douro oils exhibited a more intense fruity-ripe and sweet sensation. Accordingly, different volatiles were detected, belonging to eight chemical families, from which aldehydes were the most abundant. Additionally, all oils were evaluated using a lab-made electronic nose, with metal oxide semiconductor sensors. The electrical fingerprints, together with principal component analysis, enabled the unsupervised recognition of the oils’ geographical origin, and their successful supervised linear discrimination (sensitivity of 98.5% and specificity of 98.4%; internal validation). The E-nose also quantified the contents of the two main volatile chemical classes (alcohols and aldehydes) and of the total volatiles content, for the studied olive oils split by geographical origin, using multivariate linear regression models (0.981 < R2 < 0.998 and 0.40 < RMSE < 2.79 mg/kg oil; internal validation). The E-nose-MOS was shown to be a fast, green, non-invasive and cost-effective tool for authenticating the geographical origin of the studied olive oils and to estimate the contents of the most abundant chemical classes of volatiles.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020), to CEB (UIDB/04469/2020) and to the Associate Laboratory SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020). The authors are also grateful to the “Project OLIVECOA—Centenarian olive trees of Côa Valley region: rediscovering the past to valorize the future” (ref. COA/BRB/0035/2019), financed by FCT (Portugal). Nuno Rodrigues thanks the National funding by FCT- Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Diversidade de oliveiras do Vale do Côa: estabelecimento de grupos homogéneos para seleção recorrendo a diferentes ferramentas

A oliveira é uma das principais culturas da bacia do mediterrânico, encontrando-se difundida por outras regiões do mundo, mas em menor dimensão. Em Portugal, esta cultura tem um grande impacto socioeconómico, sobretudo nas regiões do interior. O Vale do Côa, é conhecido mundialmente pelo seu património de arte rupestre. Este Vale é rico também em património genético vegetal do qual a oliveira faz parte. A paisagem desta região é caracterizada pela presença de olivais de sequeiro nos quais existe um número considerável de exemplares centenários que não se encontram caraterizados e são potencial fonte de azeites com qualidade diferenciada. No entanto, e na impossibilidade de se proceder à caraterização de todos os exemplares, é importante estabelecer ferramentas que permitam criar grupos homogéneos e assim diminuir o número de plantas a estudar. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo estabelecer grupos homogéneos com níveis de similaridade elevados, tendo por base diferentes análises (morfológica dos frutos e endocarpos, perfil sensorial dos azeites e espectros de FTIR), por forma a reduzir o número de exemplares a estudar sem haver perda de informação. Assim, partiu-se de uma amostra inicial de 96 exemplares de oliveiras centenárias, onde se colheram frutos, que foram caraterizados morfologicamente, e se extraíram azeites, caraterizados sensorialmente, e onde se procedeu à análise por FTIR (Espetroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier). Na análise dos resultados recorreu-se à sua representação icónica em dendrogramas, criando diferentes grupos de plantas de acordo com a análise realizada. Nas diferentes avaliações foi possível criar cinco grupos de acordo com a similaridade dos resultados. Contudo, e apesar dos dendrogramas não apresentarem o mesmo número de amostras dentro de cada grupo nos diferentes parâmetros avaliados, foi possível estabelecer plantas comuns que coincidiram nos diferentes grupos. Quando sobrepostos, o dendrograma da análise sensorial e FTIR, foi possível constatar que 17 amostras se encontram no mesmo grupo o que permitiu a constituição de grupos homogéneos. Apesar da grande variabilidade existente foi possível o estabelecimento de grupos homogéneos, contudo sempre que possível, esta informação deverá ser complementada com outra como por exemplo o perfil genético da planta.The olive tree is one of the main crops in the Mediterranean basin, being widespread in other regions of the world, but smaller. In Portugal, this culture has a great socio-economic impact, especially in the interior regions. The Côa Valley is known worldwide for its rock art heritage. This valley is also rich in plant genetic heritage, of which the olive tree is a part. The landscape of this region is characterized by the presence of dry olive groves in which there is a considerable number of centennial old specimens that are not characterized and are a potential source of oils with differentiated quality. However, given the impossibility of proceeding with the characterization of all the specimens, it is important to establish tools that allow the creation of homogeneous groups and thus reduce the number of plants to be studied. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to establish homogeneous groups with high levels of similarity, based on different analyses (morphology of fruits and endocarps, sensory profile of oils and FTIR spectra), in order to reduce the number of centennial olive trees to study without loss of information. Thus, we started with an initial sample of 96 specimens of centenarian olive trees, where fruits were collected, which were morphologically characterized, and oils were extracted, sensorially characterized, and where we proceeded to analysis by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). In the analysis of the results, its iconic representation in dendrograms was used, creating different groups of plants according to the analysis performed. In the different evaluations, it was possible to create five groups according to the similarity of the results. However, and despite the dendrograms not showing the same number of samples within each group in the different parameters evaluated, it was possible to establish common plants that coincided in the different groups. When the sensory analysis and FTIR dendrogram were superimposed, it was possible to verify that 17 samples are in the same group, which allowed the formation of homogeneous groups. Despite the great variability that exists, it was possible to establish homogeneous groups, however, whenever possible, this information should be complemented with other information such as the genetic profile of the plant.Este trabalho contou com o apoio financeiro do projeto “COA/BRB/0035/2019” OLIVECOA - Oliveiras centenárias do Vale do Côa: redescobrir o passado para valorizar o futuro financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal

Effect of different liquid medium on canned tuna

Olive oil and fish are two products with a great tradition in Portugal and high importance in the Mediterranean Diet. The beneficial properties of these foods for health, associated with their sensory characteristics, make them highly appreciated by consumers. With the present work, the effect of using extra virgin olive oils (AVE) with different intensities of fruitiness (ripe fruity, light green fruity and intense green fruity) as a filling liquid in canned tuna was studied in comparison with other liquids that are commonly used (refined olive oil and sunflower oil) in terms of physicochemical and sensory characteristics.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and to Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV (UIDB/50006/2020). Nuno Rodrigues thanks to National funding by FCT- Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment programcontractinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio