Monitoração de anticorpos neutralizantes para o vírus da rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina em bezerros

The present study was accomplished in a farm in the municipality of Viradouro, in Northeast region of São Paulo State, aiming at monitoring during a period of 8 month the serum neutralizing antibody titers against BHV-1, in calves born from BHV-1 naturally infected or not infected cows. These cows were vaccinated and revaccinated against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) before parturition. The blood serum of 34 calves, separate in four groups, were analysed in this experiment. The results demonstrated that in groups of calves borned from soropositive and unvaccinated cows, the colostral antibodies persisted, in mean, until the calves were 3 months old. Calves borned from vaccinated cows, independent of these cows being infected or not, in general, presented means of antibody titers higher than the means presented by calves from unvaccinated cows. However, not even these antibody titers impeded the calves infection owing to high prevalence of BHV-1 (86.8%) in the locality of the study. The high prevalence of BHV-1 (86.8%) in the locality of the study resulted in the detection of maternal antibodies, by the serum neutralization test, in calves borned from uninfected cows, probably as a result of cows seroconversion in the interval between the screening test and parturition. The high prevalence also led to the infection of the calves from unvaccinated cows after the decline of colostral antibodies.O presente estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda do município de Viradouro, localizada no Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Teve como objetivo monitorar ao longo de 8 meses os títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes para o BHV-1, em bezerros nascidos de vacas que estavam ou não infectadas naturalmente por este vírus e que foram vacinadas e revacinadas contra a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) antes do parto. Foram analisados, através do teste de soroneutralização, os soros sangüíneos de 34 bezerros, divididos em quatro grupos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nos grupos de bezerros nascidos de vacas reagentes e não vacinadas os anticorpos de origem colostral persistiram, em média, até os 3 meses de idade. De modo geral, bezerros nascidos de vacas vacinadas, independentemente de estarem infectadas ou não, apresentaram médias de títulos de anticorpos maiores que as médias demonstradas por bezerros provenientes de vacas não vacinadas. No entanto, devido à elevada prevalência do BHV-1 (86,8%) no local de estudo, mesmo esses títulos de anticorpos não impediram a infecção desses animais. A alta prevalência do BHV-1 resultou na detecção de anticorpos de origem materna em bezerros nascidos de vacas que, inicialmente, não foram reagentes ao teste de soroneutralização, provavelmente como resultado da soroconversão das respectivas mães no intervalo transcorrido entre a triagem e o momento do parto. A alta prevalência observada também ocasionou a infecção dos bezerros, filhos de vacas não vacinadas, após o declínio dos anticorpos de origem colostral

É possível sincronizar a ovulação com hCG ou GnRH em porcas?

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Ressonância magnética para avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade oral: uma revisão da literatura

Objectives: To perform a literature review to assess MRI performance as a diagnostic auxiliary imaging technique for evaluation of malignant tumors in the oral cavity. Methods: The MEDLINE (through PubMed) and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published up to 2017, restricted to English and Portuguese publications. Reference lists of any potential articles and the OpenGrey database were also evaluated to find potential unpublished studies or papers that were not identified by electronic search. The inclusion criteria encompassed original ar­ticles, systematic reviews, and case reports for the analysis of MRI images in the evaluation of oral cavity malignant tumors. The litera­ture review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 25 studies were considered eligible for inclusion in this literature review and assembled for discussion. The malignant tumors approached in these studies were: Squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland tumors, oral and maxillofacial sarcomas, and melanomas. Conclusion: The MRI has shown itself to be a very precise pre-operatory technique for assessing malignant tumors in the oral cavity.Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o desempenho das imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) para avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade bucal. Métodos: Os bancos de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed) e EMBASE foram utilizados para pesquisar artigos publicados até 2017, restritos a publicações em inglês e em português. As listas de referências de quaisquer artigos em potencial e o banco de dados OpenGrey também foram avaliados para encontrar estudos ou documentos não publicados ou que não foram identificados pela pesquisa eletrônica. O critério de inclusão foi: as pesquisas serem artigos originais, revisões sistemáticas e/ou relatos de casos que discutissem sobre o uso de imagens de RM na avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade oral. A revisão da literatura foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA. Resultados: Um total de 25 estudos foram identificados como elegíveis para inclusão nesta revisão e agrupados para discussão. Os tumores malignos abordados nestes estudos foram: carcinoma de células es­camosas, tumores das glândulas salivares, sarcomas orais e maxilofaciais, e melanomas. Conclusão: A RM mostrou-se uma técnica pré-operatória muito precisa para a avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade bucal

Avaliação da motilidade e integridade de membrana entre os diluentes BTS, Androhep Enduraguard e Androhep armazenados à 17ºC

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N-3 PUFA Supplementation Triggers PPAR-α Activation and PPAR-α/NF-κB Interaction: Anti-Inflammatory Implications in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Dietary supplementation with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to rats preconditions the liver against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, with reduction of the enhanced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) functionality occurring in the early phase of IR injury, and recovery of IR-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that liver preconditioning by n-3 PUFA is exerted through peroxisone proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) activation and interference with NF-κB activation. For this purpose we evaluated the formation of PPAR-α/NF-κBp65 complexes in relation to changes in PPAR-α activation, IκB-α phosphorylation and serum levels and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a model of hepatic IR-injury (1 h of ischemia and 20 h of reperfusion) or sham laparotomy (controls) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were previously supplemented for 7 days with encapsulated fish oil (General Nutrition Corp., Pittsburg, PA) or isovolumetric amounts of saline (controls). Normalization of IR-altered parameters of liver injury (serum transaminases and liver morphology) was achieved by dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation. EPA and DHA suppression of the early IR-induced NF-κB activation was paralleled by generation of PPAR-α/NF-κBp65 complexes, in concomitance with normalization of the IR-induced IκB-α phosphorylation. PPAR-α activation by n-3 PUFA was evidenced by enhancement in the expression of the PPAR-α-regulated Acyl-CoA oxidase (Acox) and Carnitine-Palmitoyl-CoA transferase I (CPT-I) genes. Consistent with these findings, normalization of IR-induced expression and serum levels of NF-κB-controlled cytokines IL-lβ and TNF-α was observed at 20 h of reperfusion. Taken together, these findings point to an antagonistic effect of PPAR-α on NF-κB-controlled transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators. This effect is associated with the formation of PPAR-α/NF-κBp65 complexes and enhanced cytosolic IκB-α stability, as major preconditioning mechanisms induced by n-3 PUFA supplementation against IR liver injury

The essentials of marine biotechnology.

Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well as tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, and seabed mining). Modern societies and lifestyle resulted in an increased demand for dietary diversity, better health and well-being, new biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, and sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated the interest of researchers on the diverse and underexplored marine environments as promising and sustainable sources of biomolecules and biomass, and they are addressed by the emerging field of marine (blue) biotechnology. Blue biotechnology provides opportunities for a wide range of initiatives of commercial interest for the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, food, feed, agricultural, and related industries. This article synthesizes the essence, opportunities, responsibilities, and challenges encountered in marine biotechnology and outlines the attainment and valorization of directly derived or bio-inspired products from marine organisms. First, the concept of bioeconomy is introduced. Then, the diversity of marine bioresources including an overview of the most prominent marine organisms and their potential for biotechnological uses are described. This is followed by introducing methodologies for exploration of these resources and the main use case scenarios in energy, food and feed, agronomy, bioremediation and climate change, cosmeceuticals, bio-inspired materials, healthcare, and well-being sectors. The key aspects in the fields of legislation and funding are provided, with the emphasis on the importance of communication and stakeholder engagement at all levels of biotechnology development. Finally, vital overarching concepts, such as the quadruple helix and Responsible Research and Innovation principle are highlighted as important to follow within the marine biotechnology field. The authors of this review are collaborating under the European Commission-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Ocean4Biotech – European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology and focus the study on the European state of affairs

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder