El perfil sociológico del empresario español

[No consta]Departamento de Sociología y Trabajo SocialGrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Asociación entre cáncer y síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño

[ES]Justificación: El Síndrome de Apneas‐Hipoapneas durante el Sueño (SAHS) y su potencial vinculación con el cáncer ha generado un amplio interés en los últimos años. Ambas patologías comparten diferentes vías fisiológicas interrelacionadas a nivel molecular, subcelular, celular y tisular, principalmente el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación sistémica y la hipoxemia intermitente. Sin embargo, las múltiples discrepancias en los resultados y conclusiones de los numerosos estudios directos e indirectos llevados a cabo, en relación con distintos factores, como la limitada potencia estadística, diseños retrospectivos, heterogeneidad metodológica, diferencias entre las poblaciones estudiadas, múltiples variables de confusión…, apoyan la necesidad de ampliar la evidencia científica y de abrir nuevas líneas de investigación sobre el comportamiento de las distintas tipologías neoplásicas. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este trabajo es establecer y comparar la tasa de incidencia de tumores en pacientes con SAHS respecto a otras bases poblacionales, ajustado por sexo y edad, y analizar la tipología tumoral

Juegos numéricos en alumnado con síndrome de Down: estudio de un caso

En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se presenta un estudio de una alumna adulta con síndrome de Down, sobre el conocimiento que manifiesta cuando sigue una secuencia de enseñanza en la que se usan juegos numéricos. Los objetivos matemáticos de los juegos utilizados son: sumar hasta 10, ordenar los números del 1 al 20 y construir la decena. Se analiza en cada una de las sesiones: el desarrollo (comportamiento, actitud y comprensión de las reglas), las estrategias numéricas, los logros y las dificultades sobre los números y operaciones. En este trabajo se observa que la alumna emplea estrategias de modelización para el cálculo. A su vez, muestra dificultades en las sumas en las que los sumandos son superiores a 1 y en el orden numérico de los números.This final project presents a study about an adult student with Down Syndrome, about knowledge that she shows when she follows a teaching sequence in which numerical games are used. The mathematical objectives of the games are sum up to ten, order the numbers from 1 to 20 and build the ten. In each session are analyzed: the development (behavior, attitude, and comprehension of the rules), the numerical strategies, the achievements and the difficulties about numbers and operations. In this project is observed that the student uses modeling strategies for the calculation and at the same time she shows difficulties in the sums in which summands are upper than 1 and in the numerical order of the numbers

Mitochondrial ferritin deficiency reduces male fertility in mice

Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a functional ferritin targeted to mitochondria that is highly expressed in the testis. To investigate the role of FtMt in the testis we set up a series of controlled matings between FtMt gene-deletion mice (FtMt–/–) with FtMt+/+ mice. We found that the number of newborns per litter and the fertility rate were strongly reduced for the FtMt–/– males, but not for the females, indicating that FtMt has an important role for male fertility. The morphology of the testis and of the spermatozoa of FtMt–/– mice was normal and we did not detect alterations in sperm parameters or in oxidative stress indices. In contrast, we observed that the cauda epididymides of FtMt–/– mice were significantly lighter and contained a lower number of spermatozoa compared with the controls. Also, the ATP content of FtMt–/– spermatozoa was found to be lower than that of FtMt+/+ spermatozoa. These data show that FtMt contributes to sperm epididymis maturation and to male fertility.The work was partially supported by MIUR grant PRIN10–11 to P. A. and by Telethon grant GGP1099 to P. A

Antagonismo in vitro de Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) contra hongos patógenos de Solanum lycopersicum L.

Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) is a natural habitant of the soil that presents qualities as a biological control of fungal pathogens. It has mechanisms with antagonistic effects such as competition for space and nutrients, production of secondary metabolites, and lytic enzymes related to antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro biocontrol capacity of the native strain T. asperellum (Ta13-17) against pathogenic fungi isolated from Solanum lycopersicum L. In dual culture in Petri dishes containing PDA, T. asperellum was confronted against five phytopathogenic fungi isolated from tomato. The percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth (ICM) and the degree of mycoparasitism were calculated. To calculate the antibiosis, ICM, sporulation inhibition and germination of conidia were determined in mycelium disks of each phytopathogen grown on PDA medium with liquid filtrate of T. asperellum added. Additionally, chitinase and glucanase production by T. asperellum was evaluated in minimal medium. A completely randomized design was used. The antagonist exhibited chitinase and glucanase activities from day three after sowing and inhibited growth of the phytopathogenic fungi at least 55 %. On the eleventh day, 100 % mycoparasitism was observed in C. lunata (ITC22) and A. alternata (ITC24); the rest of the phytopathogens showed at least 92,05 %. Antibiosis tests showed 100 % ICM for F. equiseti (ITC24) and 100% inhibition of sporulation and germination of conidia in C. cassiicola (ITC23), A. alternata (ITC23), and F. equiseti (ITC32).Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) es un habitante natural del suelo que presenta cualidades como controlador biológico de patógenos fúngicos. Posee mecanismos con efecto antagónico, como son la competencia por espacio y nutrientes, la producción de metabolitos secundarios y enzimas líticas relacionadas con antibiosis y micoparasitismo, respectivamente. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar, in vitro, la capacidad de biocontrol de la cepa nativa T. asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) contra hongos patógenos aislados de Solanum lycopersicum L. Se enfrentó a T. asperellum contra cinco hongos fitopatógenos aislados de tomate, en placas Petri con medio PDA en cultivo Dual. Se calcularon el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial (ICM) y el grado de micoparasitismo. Para calcular la antibiosis, se preparó cultivo PDA en combinación con filtrado líquido de T. asperellum. Se sembró un disco de micelio de cada fitopatógeno y se determinaron ICM, inhibición de esporulación y germinación de conidios. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la producción de quitinasas y glucanasas de T. asperellum en medio mínimo. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar. Los tratamientos en cada experimento se compararon mediante análisis de varianza seguido de la prueba de Tukey para

Estudio estratigráfico y constructivo del pozo de San Marcial: arqueología y arquitecturas del agua en un asentamiento de conquista bajomedieval (San Marcial de Rubicón, Yaiza, Lanzarote)

The expedition led by Gadifer de la Salle and Jean de Bethencourt, under the auspices of the Castilian monarch Henry III, arrived on the coast of the island of Lanzarote, officially inaugurating the process of the seigniorial conquest of the Canary archipelago in 1402. The site of San Marcial de Rubicón contains the remains of the first permanent settlement of this European host, including the well of San Marcial de Rubicón, the subject of this paper. This is the first time that a constructive and stratigraphic study of this building has been undertaken, which has allowed us to conclude that its construction responded to a project conceived in advance and executed with professional criteria by the stonemasons who accompanied De la Salle and Bethencourt in that enterprise.La expedición comandada por Gadifer de la Salle y Jean de Bethencourt, auspiciada por el monarca castellano Enrique III, arribó a la costa de la isla de Lanzarote e inauguró con ello de manera oficial el proceso de conquista señorial del archipiélago canario en 1402. El yacimiento de San Marcial de Rubicón acoge los vestigios del primer asentamiento permanente de esta hueste europea, entre los que se encuentra el pozo de San Marcial de Rubicón, objeto de este trabajo. En estas páginas, se aborda por primera vez el estudio constructivo y estratigráfico de esta fábrica, el cual nos ha permitido concluir que su edificación respondió a un proyecto concebido de antemano y ejecutado con criterios profesionales por los canteros que acompañaron a De la Salle y Bethencourt en aquella empresa

How Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Affect Children and Adolescent's Well-Being: Spanish Parents, Children, and Adolescents Respond.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown strategies have been widely used to contain SARS-CoV-2 virus spread. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to suffering psychological effects as result of such measures. In Spain, children were enforced to a strict home lockdown for 42 days during the first wave. Here, we studied the effects of lockdown in children and adolescents through an online questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain using an open online survey from July (after the lockdown resulting from the first pandemic wave) to November 2020 (second wave). We included families with children under 16 years-old living in Spain. Parents answered a survey regarding the lockdown effects on their children and were instructed to invite their children from 7 to 16 years-old (mandatory scholar age in Spain) to respond a specific set of questions. Answers were collected through an application programming interface system, and data analysis was performed using R. Results: We included 1,957 families who completed the questionnaires, covering a total of 3,347 children. The specific children's questionnaire was completed by 167 kids (7-11 years-old), and 100 adolescents (12-16 years-old). Children, in general, showed high resilience and capability to adapt to new situations. Sleeping problems were reported in more than half of the children (54%) and adolescents (59%), and these were strongly associated with less time doing sports and spending more than 5 h per day using electronic devices. Parents perceived their children to gain weight (41%), be more irritable and anxious (63%) and sadder (46%). Parents and children differed significantly when evaluating children's sleeping disturbances. Conclusions: Enforced lockdown measures and isolation can have a negative impact on children and adolescent's mental health and well-being. In future waves of the current pandemic, or in the light of potential epidemics of new emerging infections, lockdown measures targeting children, and adolescents should be reconsidered taking into account their infectiousness potential and their age-specific needs, especially to facilitate physical activity and to limit time spent on electronic devices. Keywords: COVID-19; adolescent; children; lockdown; mental health; well-being

How did the COVID-19 lockdown affect children and adolescent's well-being: Spanish parents, children, and adolescents respond

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown strategies have been widely used to contain SARS-CoV-2 virus spread. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to suffering psychological effects as result of such measures. In Spain, children were enforced to a strict home lockdown for 42 days during the first wave. Here, we studied the effects of lockdown in children and adolescents through an online questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain using an open online survey from July (after the lockdown resulting from the first pandemic wave) to November 2020 (second wave). We included families with children under 16 years-old living in Spain. Parents answered a survey regarding the lockdown effects on their children and were instructed to invite their children from 7 to 16 years-old (mandatory scholar age in Spain) to respond a specific set of questions. Answers were collected through an application programming interface system, and data analysis was performed using R. Results: We included 1,957 families who completed the questionnaires, covering a total of 3,347 children. The specific children’s questionnaire was completed by 167 kids (7–11 years-old), and 100 adolescents (12–16 years-old). Children, in general, showed high resilience and capability to adapt to new situations. Sleeping problems were reported in more than half of the children (54%) and adolescents (59%), and these were strongly associated with less time doing sports and spending more than 5 h per day using electronic devices. Parents perceived their children to gain weight (41%), be more irritable and anxious (63%) and sadder (46%). Parents and children differed significantly when evaluating children’s sleeping disturbances. Conclusions: Enforced lockdown measures and isolation can have a negative impact on children and adolescent’s mental health and well-being. In future waves of the current pandemic, or in the light of potential epidemics of new emerging infections, lockdown measures targeting children, and adolescents should be reconsidered taking into account their infectiousness potential and their age-specific needs, especially to facilitate physical activity and to limit time spent on electronic devices.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Composición y diversidad de peces del río San Pedro, Balancán, Tabasco, México

In the San Pedro river sub-basin, Balancán, Tabasco, Mexico, an ichthyofauna study was carried out in two subsystems; the main stream and the floodplain during the months of March 2007 to February 2008. From a total of 1035 fish were collected, 33 species, 25 genera and 14 families were identified. The Cichlidae and Poeciliidae family were the most species; four species are introduced Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachromis managuensis and two new records were found: P. pardalis and Potamarius usumacintae. The most abundance species were Thorichthys affinis and T. helleri and five species were least abundant: P. usumacintae, Phallichthys fairweatheri, Cichlasoma Nandopsis urophthalmus, C. idella and Batrachoides goldmani. The higher values of diversity and abundance showed in sites I (H=2.52 bits) and II (?=0.38 sp/ind). The higher values of evenness were in sites III (J = 0.86) and IV (J = 0.99). The abundance (Nmax = 353) species was showed in the site II. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the diversity and sites comparison. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the temperature, dissolved oxygen and depth are the most important factors in the distribution of species. Finally, the relative abundance of species in the two seasons was representative by two families; Cichlidae T. affinis, (T. helleri and Petenia splendida) and Characidae(Astyanax aeneus).En la subcuenca del río San Pedro, Balancán, Tabasco, México, se realizó un estudio ictiofaunístico en dos subsistemas; el cauce principal del río y la zona de inundación en la parte baja, durante los meses de marzo 2007 a febrero 2008. De un total de 1,035 peces capturados, se identificaron 33 especies, 25 géneros y 14 familias. La familia Cichlidae y Poeciliidae fueron las más diversas, cuatro especies son introducidas: Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachromis managuensis, dos son nuevos registros Potamarius usumacintae y P. pardalis. Las especies más abundantes fueron Thorichthys affinis y T. helleri, mientras que P. usumacintae, Phallichthys fairweatheri, Cichlasoma Nandopsis urophthalmus, C. idella y Batrachoides goldmani, fueron las menos abundantes. La diversidad ydominancia presentaron valores altos en los sitios I (H´=2.52 bits) y el sitio II (? =0.38 sp/ind), mientras que los sitios III (J´=0.86) y IV (J´=0.99) fueron más equitativos. La especie más abundante (Nmax= 353) se mostró en el sitio II. Se encontró diferencias significativas (p < 0.5) entre la comparación de la diversidad y sitios. El análisis de correspondencia canónica, mostró que la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y la profundidad son los factores más importantes en la distribución de las especies. Finalmente, se encontró que las abundancias relativas de las especies presentes en las dos épocas estuvo representadas por dos familias; Cichlidae (T. affinis, T. helleri, Petenia splendida) y Characidae con (Astyanax aeneus)

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London