Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the quality and in vitro gas production of einkorn wheat straw

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on the quality of einkorn wheat straw (EWS) and in vitro gas production (GP). It was found that AM inoculation of EW seed before sowing caused significant increases in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) levels of straw, and a (P <0.05) decrease in crude ash (CA), metabolizable energy (ME), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) compared with the straw of non-inoculated EW. The observed difference in the average GP among the between EWS from plants grown from inoculated seed and those from the untreated control was significant at all times between the third and 96th hour. However, when the GP kinetics of the groups was examined after 96 hours’ incubation, only the difference in the gas amount of the easily soluble fractions of feeds was significant. The GP from the slowly fermented part, the GP rate constant and the potential GP of the straws were not affected by the AM inoculation (P >0.05). Thus, inoculation of einkorn wheat with AM altered the nutritional value of the straw produced creating a roughage with decreased value for feeding ruminant livestock. Keywords: artificial rumen, fermentation kinetics, nutrient digestibilit

A study of CP violation in B-+/- -> DK +/- and B-+/- -> D pi(+/-) decays with D -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+) final states

A first study of CP violation in the decay modes B-+/- -> [(KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+)](D)h(+/-) and B-+/- -> [(KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+)](D)h(+/-), where h labels a K or pi meson and D labels a D-0 or (D) over bar (0) meson, is performed. The analysis uses the LHCb data set collected in pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1). The analysis is sensitive to the CP-violating CKM phase gamma through seven observables: one charge asymmetry in each of the four modes and three ratios of the charge-integrated yields. The results are consistent with measurements of gamma using other decay modes

Measurement of ϒ production in pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV

The production of ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) mesons decaying into the dimuon final state is studied with the LHCb detector using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.3 pb−1 collected in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 2.76 TeV. The differential production cross-sections times dimuon branching fractions are measured as functions of the ϒ transverse momentum and rapidity, over the ranges pT < 15 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The total cross-sections in this kinematic region, assuming unpolarised production, are measured to be σ (pp → ϒ(1S)X) × B ϒ(1S)→μ+μ− = 1.111 ± 0.043 ± 0.044 nb, σ (pp → ϒ(2S)X) × B ϒ(2S)→μ+μ− = 0.264 ± 0.023 ± 0.011 nb, σ (pp → ϒ(3S)X) × B ϒ(3S)→μ+μ− = 0.159 ± 0.020 ± 0.007 nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic

Determination of gamma and-2 beta(s) from charmless two-body decays of beauty mesons

Using the latest LHCb measurements of time-dependent CP violation in the B^0_s -> K^+K^- decay, a U-spin relation between the decay amplitudes of B^0_s -> K^+K^- and B^0 -> \pi^+\pi^- decay processes allows constraints to be placed on the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle and on the B^0_s mixing phase -2\beta_s. Results from an extended approach, which uses additional inputs on B^0 -> \pi^0\pi^0 and B^+ -> \pi^+\pi^0 decays from other experiments and exploits isospin symmetry, are also presented. The dependence of the results on the maximum allowed amount of U-spin breaking is studied. At 68% probability, the value \gamma = ( 63.5 +7.2 -6.7 ) degrees modulo 180 degrees is determined. In an alternative analysis, the value -2\beta_s = -0.12 +0.14 -0.16 rad is found. In both measurements, the uncertainties due to U-spin breaking effects up to 50% are included.Comment: updated to v2 with minor changes after journal revie

Search for CP violation in D±→KS0K±D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm} and Ds±→KS0π±D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} π^{\pm} decays

A search for \CP violation in Cabibbo-suppressed $D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$ and $D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}$ decays is performed using $pp$ collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3~fb$^{-1}$, recorded by the LHCb experiment. The individual $CP$-violating asymmetries are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} \mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}} & = & (+0.03 \pm 0.17 \pm 0.14) \% \mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}} & = & (+0.38 \pm 0.46 \pm 0.17) \%, \end{eqnarray*} assuming that $CP$ violation in the Cabibbo-favoured decays is negligible. A combination of the measured asymmetries for the four decay modes $D^{\pm}_{(s)}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$ and $D^{\pm}_{(s)}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}$ gives the sum $$\mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}} + \mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}} = (+0.41 \pm 0.49 \pm 0.26) \%.$$ In all cases, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results represent the most precise measurements of these asymmetries to date and show no evidence for CP violation

Genotypic characterization of meat-type lambs expressing the callipyge gene in Turkey: I. Carcass characteristics and retail yield

This study is set out to evaluate the effects of callipyge (CLPG) gene, attributed to sheep affecting growth and meat quality, on carcass and sensory trait of most preferred meat-type lamb (Kivircik, Karacabey Merino, Ramliç, German Black-Head Mutton × Kivircik, Hampshire Down × Merino) in the western part of Turkey. Two datasets were used: (i) 177 lambs (66 males, 111 females) to determine genotype and allele frequencies; (ii) 48 genotypically identified male lambs for the assessment of carcass and meat sensory quality. It was found that homozygous (NN) and heterozygous (MN) conditions of the CLPG gene were observed in all sheep breeds, except Ramliç which exhibits only NN. No significant differences were observed in CLPG genotypes for slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, and cold dressing percentage (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the effect of genotype on neck percentage was significant (p 0.05). Similarly, the effect of genotype on meat quality assessment was not significant (p > 0.05); however, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the NN genotype were higher than the MN genotype. Indeed, no interaction between genotype and time was observed on the color parameter of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at various storage periods (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that all meat-type sheep breeds (except Ramliç) were polymorphic, suggesting that heterozygous individuals who received the CLPG mutation from the sire should be adopted in selection programs to improve carcass traits. © 2022 TUBITAK. All rights reserved.TAGEM/HAYSUD/B/18/ A4/P2/308; Maa- ja MetsätalousministeriÖ, MMMThe present study was supported by the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research (Project No: TAGEM/HAYSUD/B/18/ A4/P2/308)

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Search for CP violation in D (+/-) -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 and D-s(+/-) -> K-S(0)pi(+/-) decays

A search for CP violation in Cabibbo-suppressed D (+/-) -> aEuro parts per thousand K (S) (0) K (+/-) and D (s) (+/-) -> aEuro parts per thousand K (S) (0) pi (+/-) decays is performed using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb, recorded by the LHCb experiment. The individual CP-violating asymmetries are measured to be assuming that CP violation in the Cabibbo-favoured decays is negligible. A combination of the measured asymmetries for the four decay modes D ((s)) (+/-) -> aEuro parts per thousand K (S) (0) K (+/-) and D ((s)) (+/-) -> aEuro parts per thousand K (S) (0) pi (+/-) gives the sum In all cases, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results represent the most precise measurements of these asymmetries to date and show no evidence for CP violation

Effective lifetime measurements in the B-s(0) -> K+K-, B-0 -> K+pi(-) and B-s(0) -> pi K-+(-) decays

Measurements of the effective lifetimes in the B-s(0) -> K+K-, B-0 -> K+pi(-) and B-s(0) -> pi K-+(-) decays are presented using 1.0 fb(-1)of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The analysis uses a data-driven approach to correct for the decay time acceptance. The measured effective lifetimes are tau(Bs0 -> K+K-) = 1.407 +/- 0.016 (stat) +/- 0.007 (syst) ps, tau(Bs0 -> K+pi-) = 1.524 +/- 0.011 (stat) +/- 0.004 (syst) ps, tau(Bs0 ->pi+K-) = 1.60 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.01 (syst) ps. This is the most precise determination to date of the effective lifetime in the B-s(0) -> K+K- decay and provides constraints on contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model to the B-s(0) mixing phase and the width difference Delta Gamma(s). (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V