Kanonerna på Vasa: Om mediering och musealisering av ett tragiskt kulturarv

I artikeln får några omskrivna och utställda ”museikanoner” utgöra underlag för en diskussion av museernas och medias förhållande till vad som skulle kunna kallas för föremålens tragiska materialitet. Det jag framförallt vill belysa är hur museer och medier begagnar sig av två motsatta sätt att relatera till de flerhundraåriga kanonerna. Översiktligt kan dessa förhållningssätt, eller kulturella praktiker, beskrivas som att antingen tar man döden ur föremålet eller så placerar man tvärtom tydligt döden i föremålet. I det förra fallet blir kanonen omvandlad till, eller primärt förstådd som, någonting annat än ett vapen. I det senare fallet sker det omvända, att man på olika sätt understryker kanonens kapacitet för att åstadkomma död och förödelse. I artikeln diskuterar jag förekomsten av detta dubbla förhållningssätt med hjälp av några exempel hämtade från örlogsskeppets Vasas kanoner, alltså det kraftigt bestyckade krigsskepp som gick till botten i Stockholms ström under sin jungfrutur 1628, och som sedan under stort medialt buller och bång togs upp till ytan sommaren 1961

Rotation Speed of the First Stars

We estimate the rotation speed of Population III (Pop III) stars within a minihalo at z ~ 20 using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation, beginning from cosmological initial conditions. We follow the evolution of the primordial gas up to densities of 10^12 cm^-3. Representing the growing hydrostatic cores with accreting sink particles, we measure the velocities and angular momenta of all particles that fall onto these protostellar regions. This allows us to record the angular momentum of the sinks and estimate the rotational velocity of the Pop III stars expected to form within them. The rotation rate has important implications for the evolution of the star, the fate encountered at the end of its life, and the potential for triggering a gamma-ray burst (GRB). We find that there is sufficient angular momentum to yield rapidly rotating stars (> 1000 km s^-1, or near break-up speeds). This indicates that Pop III stars likely experienced strong rotational mixing, impacting their structure and nucleosynthetic yields. A subset of them was also likely to result in hypernova explosions, and possibly GRBs.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Frequent use of IGHV3-30-3 in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses

The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 shows biased immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene usage, allowing definition of genetic signatures for some classes of neutralizing antibodies. We investigated IGHV gene usage frequencies by sorting spike-specific single memory B cells from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic. From two study participants and 703 spike-specific B cells, the most used genes were IGHV1-69, IGHV3-30-3, and IGHV3-30. Here, we focused on the IGHV3-30 group of genes and an IGHV3-30-3-using ultrapotent neutralizing monoclonal antibody, CAB-F52, which displayed broad neutralizing activity also in its germline-reverted form. IGHV3-30-3 is encoded by a region of the IGH locus that is highly variable at both the allelic and structural levels. Using personalized IG genotyping, we found that 4 of 14 study participants lacked the IGHV3-30-3 gene on both chromosomes, raising the question if other, highly similar IGHV genes could substitute for IGHV3-30-3 in persons lacking this gene. In the context of CAB-F52, we found that none of the tested IGHV3-33 alleles, but several IGHV3-30 alleles could substitute for IGHV3-30-3, suggesting functional redundancy between the highly homologous IGHV3-30 and IGHV3-30-3 genes for this antibody

CoRoT 105906206: a short-period and totally eclipsing binary with a Delta Scuti type pulsator

Eclipsing binary systems with pulsating components allow the determination of several physical parameters of the stars, such as mass and radius, that, when combined with the pulsation properties, can be used to constrain the modeling of stellar interiors and evolution. Hereby, we present the results of the study of CoRoT 105906206, an eclipsing binary system with a pulsating component located in the CoRoT LRc02 field. The analysis of the CoRoT light curve was complemented by high-resolution spectra from the Sandiford at McDonald Observatory and FEROS at ESO spectrographs, which revealed a double-lined spectroscopic binary. We used an iterative procedure to separate the pulsation-induced photometric variations from the eclipse signals. First, a Fourier analysis was used to identify the significant frequencies and amplitudes due to pulsations. Second, after removing the contribution of the pulsations from the light curve we applied the PIKAIA genetic-algorithm approach to derive the best parameters that describe the orbital properties of the system. The light curve cleaned for pulsations contains the partial eclipse of the primary and the total eclipse of the secondary. The system has an orbital period of about 3.694 days and is formed by a primary star with mass M1 = 2.25 +/- 0.04 solar masses, radius R1 = 4.24 +/- 0.02 solar radii, and effective temperature Teff1 = 6750 +/- 150 K, and a secondary with M2 = 1.29 +/- 0.03 solar masses, R2 = 1.34 +/- 0.01 solar radii, and Teff2 = 6152 +/- 162 K. The best solution for the parameters was obtained by taking into account the asymmetric modulation observed in the light curve, known as the O'Connell effect, presumably caused by Doppler beaming. The analysis of the Fourier spectrum revealed that the primary component has p-mode pulsations in the range 5-13 c/d, which are typical of Delta Scuti type stars.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 table

Massive stars in the giant molecular cloud G23.3−0.3 and W41

Context. Young massive stars and stellar clusters continuously form in the Galactic disk, generating new Hii regions within their natal giant molecular clouds and subsequently enriching the interstellar medium via their winds and supernovae.Aims. Massive stars are among the brightest infrared stars in such regions; their identification permits the characterisation of the star formation history of the associated cloud as well as constraining the location of stellar aggregates and hence their occurrence as a function of global environment.Methods. We present a stellar spectroscopic survey in the direction of the giant molecular cloud G23.3−0.3. This complex is located at a distance of ~4–5 kpc, and consists of several Hii regions and supernova remnants.Results. We discovered 11 OfK+ stars, one candidate luminous blue variable, several OB stars, and candidate red supergiants. Stars with K-band extinction from ~1.3–1.9 mag appear to be associated with the GMC G23.3−0.3; O and B-types satisfying this criterion have spectrophotometric distances consistent with that of the giant molecular cloud. Combining near-IR spectroscopic and photometric data allowed us to characterize the multiple sites of star formation within it. The O-type stars have masses from ~25–45 M⊙, and ages of 5–8 Myr. Two new red supergiants were detected with interstellar extinction typical of the cloud; along with the two RSGs within the cluster GLIMPSE9, they trace an older burst with an age of 20–30 Myr. Massive stars were also detected in the core of three supernova remnants – W41, G22.7−0.2, and G22.7583−0.4917.Conclusions. A large population of massive stars appears associated with the GMC G23.3−0.3, with the properties inferred for them indicative of an extended history of stars formation

First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011

We present a synthesis of diverse observations of the first recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, which began on 12 June 2011. While no monitoring of the volcano was in effect at the time, it has been possible to reconstruct the nature and evolution of the eruption through analysis of re- gional seismological and infrasound data and satellite remote sensing data, supplemented by petrological analysis of erupted products and brief field surveys. The event is notable for the comparative rarity of recorded historical eruptions in the region and of caldera systems in general, for the prodi- gious quantity of SO2 emitted into the atmosphere and the significant human impacts that ensued notwithstanding the low population density of the Afar region. It is also relevant in understanding the broader magmatic and tectonic signifi- cance of the volcanic massif of which Nabro forms a part and which strikes obliquely to the principal rifting directions in the Red Sea and northern Afar. The whole-rock compositions of Editorial responsibility: G. Giordano the erupted lavas and tephra range from trachybasaltic to trachybasaltic andesite, and crystal-hosted melt inclusions contain up to 3,000 ppm of sulphur by weight. The eruption was preceded by significant seismicity, detected by regional networks of sensors and accompanied by sustained tremor. Substantial infrasound was recorded at distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometres from the vent, beginning at the onset of the eruption and continuing for weeks. Analysis of ground deformation suggests the eruption was fed by a shal- low, NW–SE-trending dike, which is consistent with field and satellite observations of vent distributions. Despite lack of prior planning and preparedness for volcanic events in the country, rapid coordination of the emergency response miti- gated the human costs of the eruption

Adherence to Drug-Refill Is a Useful Early Warning Indicator of Virologic and Immunologic Failure among HIV Patients on First-Line ART in South Africa

Affordable strategies to prevent treatment failure on first-line regimens among HIV patients are essential for the long-term success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO recommends using routinely collected data such as adherence to drug-refill visits as early warning indicators. We examined the association between adherence to drug-refill visits and long-term virologic and immunologic failure among non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) recipients in South Africa.In 2008, 456 patients on NNRTI-based ART for a median of 44 months (range 12-99 months; 1,510 person-years) were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study in Soweto. Charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics before and during ART. Multivariable logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed associations with virologic (two repeated VL>50 copies/ml) and immunologic failure (as defined by WHO).After a median of 15 months on ART, 19% (n = 88) and 19% (n = 87) had failed virologically and immunologically respectively. A cumulative adherence of <95% to drug-refill visits was significantly associated with both virologic and immunologic failure (p<0.01). In the final multivariable model, risk factors for virologic failure were incomplete adherence (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.2-6.7), and previous exposure to single-dose nevirapine or any other antiretrovirals (adj. OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.2-3.9), adjusted for age and sex. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the virologic failure rate by month 48 was 19% vs. 37% among adherent and non-adherent patients respectively (logrank p value = 0.02).One in five failed virologically after a median of 15 months on ART. Adherence to drug-refill visits works as an early warning indicator for both virologic and immunologic failure