Meteorological impacts of a novel debris-covered glacier category in a regional climate model across a Himalayan catchment

Many of the glaciers in the Nepalese Himalaya are partially covered in a layerof loose rock known as debris cover. In the Dudh Koshi River Basin, Nepal,approximately 25% of glaciers are debris-covered. Debris-covered glaciers havebeen shown to have a substantial impact on near-surface meteorological vari-ables and the surface energy balance, in comparison to clean-ice glaciers. TheWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is often used for high-resolution weather and climate modelling, however representation of debris-covered glaciers is not included in the standard land cover and soil categories.Here we include a simple representation of thick debris-covered glaciers in theWRF model, and investigate the impact on the near-surface atmosphere overthe Dudh Koshi River Basin for July 2013. Inclusion of this new category isfound to improve the model representation of near-surface temperature andrelative humidity, in comparison with a simulation using the default categoryof clean-ice glaciers, when compared to observations. The addition of the newdebris-cover category in the model warms the near-surface air over the debris-covered portion of the glacier, and the wind continues further up the valley,compared to the simulation using clean-ice. This has consequent effects onwater vapour and column-integrated total water path, over both the portions ofthe glacier with and without debris cover. Correctly simulating meteorologicalvariables such as these is vital for accurate precipitation forecasts overglacierized regions, and therefore estimating future glacier melt and river run-off in the Himalaya. These results highlight the need for debris cover to be included in high-resolution regional climate models over debris-covered glaciers.NER

Dynamical Drivers of the Local Wind Regime in a Himalayan Valley

Understanding the local valley wind regimes in the Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya is vital for future predictions of the glacio-hydro-meteorological system. Here the Weather Research and Forecasting model is employed at a resolution of 1 km to investigate the forces driving the local valleywind regime in a river basin in the Nepalese Himalaya, during July 2013 and January 2014. Comparing withobservations shows that the model represents the diurnal cycle of the winds well, with strong daytime up-valley winds and weak nighttime winds in both months. A momentum budget analysis of the model output shows that in the summer run the physical drivers of the near-surface valley wind also have a clear diurnal cycle, and are dominated by the pressure gradient, advection, and turbulent vertical mixing,as well as a nonphysical numerical diffusion term. By contrast, the drivers in the winter run have a less consistent diurnal cycle. In both months, the pressure gradient, advection, numerical diffusion, and Coriolis terms dominate up to 5,000 m above the ground. The drivers are extremely variable over the valley, and also influenced by the presence of glaciers. When glaciers are removed from the model in the summer run, the wind continues further up the valley, indicating how the local valley winds might respond to future glacier shrinkage. The spatial variability of the drivers over both months is consistent with the complex topography in the basin, which must therefore be well represented in weather and regional climate models to generate accurate output

Effects of exercise intensity on gut microbiome composition and function in people with type 2 diabetes

This is the final version. Available from Taylor and Francis Group via the DOI in this record. Exercise is positively associated with higher microbial diversity, but there is limited information on exercise intensity's effect on gut microbiome composition and function in clinical populations. This study examines whether different intensities of exercise exert differential effects on gut microbiome composition and function in low active people with type 2 diabetes. This is a sub-study of the Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes Study, a single centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. Participants (n = 12) completed 8-weeks of combined aerobic and resistance moderate intensity continuous training (C-MICT) or combined aerobic and resistance high-intensity interval training (C-HIIT). Faecal samples were collected before and after intervention to measure gut microbiome composition and metabolic pathways (metagenome shotgun sequencing) and short-chain fatty acids. Post-exercise α-diversity was different between groups as was the relative abundance of specific taxa was (p < .05). Post-exercise relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, A. municiphila, and butyrate-producers Lachnospira eligens, Enterococcus spp., and Clostridium Cluster IV were higher at lower exercise intensity. Other butyrate-producers (from Eryspelothrichales and Oscillospirales), and methane producer Methanobrevibacter smithii were higher at higher exercise intensity. Pyruvate metabolism (ko00620),COG “Cell wall membrane envelope biogenesis” and “Unknown function” pathways were significantly different between groups and higher in C-MICT post-exercise. Differential abundance analysis on KO showed higher expression of Two-component system in C-HIIT. Transcription factors and “unknown metabolism” related pathways decreased in both groups. There were no significant between group changes in faecal short chain fatty acids. Exercise intensity had a distinct effect on gut microbiome abundance and metabolic function, without impacting short-chain fatty acid output.Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Centre for Research in Exercise and Physical Activity (The University of Queensland

Acoustic Emission from Internal Delamination of a Four-Ply Plate

The basic inverse source problem of acoustic emission is the determination of the nature and location of the internal source from surface measurements of the transient elastic waves generated by the AE event. As pointed out by Sachse [1], this inverse problem requires a knowledge of the dynamic Green’s function for the structure under examination. The evaluation of this dynamic Green’s function is therefore a pivotal problem in the application of the techniques to monitor internal events in engineering structures. This paper deals with the determination of the transient motion of a four-ply fiber composite laminate resulting from an internal impulsive line load acting in the mid-plane of the plate in a direction normal to the mid-plane. The source function for acoustic emission associated with delamination will be located at one or other of the interfaces between the plies and the results presented here complement those of the earlier paper [2] which deals with an impulsive line load acting on the upper interface. Because of symmetry, the response to a line load at the lower interface may be deduced immediately from this upper interface solution

Treatment decisions and employment of breast cancer patients: Results of a population‐based survey

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142258/1/cncr30959.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142258/2/cncr30959_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142258/3/cncr30959-sup-0001-suppinfo1.pd

Preparation and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Magnetic Nanoparticles

In this work, the main attention was focused on the synthesis of stimuli-responsive magnetic nanoparticles (SR-MNPs) and the influence of glutathione concentration on its cleavage efficiency. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were first modified with activated pyridyldithio. Then, MNPs modified with activated pyridyldithio (MNPs-PDT) were conjugated with 2, 4-diamino-6-mercaptopyrimidine (DMP) to form SR-MNPs via stimuli-responsive disulfide linkage. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize MNPs-PDT. The disulfide linkage can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GHS). The concentration of glutathione plays an important role in controlling the cleaved efficiency. The optimum concentration of GHS to release DMP is in the millimolar range. These results had provided an important insight into the design of new MNPs for biomedicine applications, such as drug delivery and bio-separation

First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signalto- noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente