Service innovation and its impact: What do we know about?

Peer reviewe

Transforming ESL/bilingual teachers through action research and teamwork

Page 104-126In many professional development efforts, the experts are the outsiders who are called in to share research findings produced far away from the school or district involved. Charged with developing a grant-funded program to provide support to English as a second language and bilingual teachers in Wisconsin, we wanted to offer teachers an opportunity to build on and share their expertise to meet the educational needs of increasing numbers of English Language Learners throughout our state. Working first as individuals and later in professional teams, participating teachers developed action research projects, which served both as entry points for the program mentor into the teachers’ classrooms and as tools for understanding how to more effectively support teachers’ growth as professionals. Through active mentoring and professional teamwork, the participants realized the potential for action research projects and professional teamwork to enhance their understanding and critique of their own practice

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Durst, Anne, \u27The Union of Intellectual Freedom and Cooperation\u27: Learning from the University of Chicago\u27s Laboratory School Community, 1896-1904, Teachers College Record, 107(May, 2005), 958-984.

Examines teaching and curriculum-planning in Dewey\u27s Laboratory School with comparisons to author\u27s experiences today

Assessment of Ohio music teachers challenges and implications

Legislative mandates such as No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top have shaped an educational paradigm shift- effective teaching is defined by demonstrating student growth within a content area. Data is gathered and analyzed yearly, with results potentially impacting teacher evaluations, teacher pay, and hiring and firing decisions. Standardized testing is one of the most common ways of assessing students. Test results give clear and coherent views of student growth over a specific period of time, but rely heavily on quantitative measures. There are numerous other means to assess student growth however, and to achieve the most efficient and effective evaluation, multiple assessments should be considered that consist of qualitative measures as well. Non-tested subjects, such as music, are also under the same requirements to measure student growth to evaluate teacher effectiveness. There is no national or state-wide assessment that is currently recognized and accepted for measuring music student growth. Music teachers are responsible for teaching knowledge - a belief or consensus of fact; and skills - the aptitude for performing a specific task. This thesis specifically examines the following questions: 1. How should the growth of music students in the state of Ohio be effectively assessed?; and 2.How should the effectiveness of music teachers in the state of Ohio be determined? Utilizing multiple, standards-based assessments, such as portfolios, performances, observations, and pretest/posttest models, student growth in music can be effectively and efficiently measured for music students in the state of Ohio. Music teacher assessments in the state of Ohio should include evidence of a music teacher\u27s capacity to plan lessons, establish a healthy learning environment, utilize best teaching practices, and create and maintain opportunities for professional growth. Thus, a new evaluation tool was created for assessing music teachers. This tool, created after reviewing available literature, establishes four domains of teaching, similar to the Charlotte Danielson domains, and conforms to recent Ohio legislative mandates

Assessment of Ohio music teachers challenges and implications

Legislative mandates such as No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top have shaped an educational paradigm shift- effective teaching is defined by demonstrating student growth within a content area. Data is gathered and analyzed yearly, with results potentially impacting teacher evaluations, teacher pay, and hiring and firing decisions. Standardized testing is one of the most common ways of assessing students. Test results give clear and coherent views of student growth over a specific period of time, but rely heavily on quantitative measures. There are numerous other means to assess student growth however, and to achieve the most efficient and effective evaluation, multiple assessments should be considered that consist of qualitative measures as well. Non-tested subjects, such as music, are also under the same requirements to measure student growth to evaluate teacher effectiveness. There is no national or state-wide assessment that is currently recognized and accepted for measuring music student growth. Music teachers are responsible for teaching knowledge - a belief or consensus of fact; and skills - the aptitude for performing a specific task. This thesis specifically examines the following questions: 1. How should the growth of music students in the state of Ohio be effectively assessed?; and 2.How should the effectiveness of music teachers in the state of Ohio be determined? Utilizing multiple, standards-based assessments, such as portfolios, performances, observations, and pretest/posttest models, student growth in music can be effectively and efficiently measured for music students in the state of Ohio. Music teacher assessments in the state of Ohio should include evidence of a music teacher\u27s capacity to plan lessons, establish a healthy learning environment, utilize best teaching practices, and create and maintain opportunities for professional growth. Thus, a new evaluation tool was created for assessing music teachers. This tool, created after reviewing available literature, establishes four domains of teaching, similar to the Charlotte Danielson domains, and conforms to recent Ohio legislative mandates

Critical Success Factors in Capturing Knowledge for Retention in IT-Supported Repositories

In this paper, the authors demonstrate the suitability of IT-supported knowledge repositories for knowledge retention. Successful knowledge retention is dependent on whatis stored in a repository and, hence, possible to share. Accordingly, the ability to capture theright (relevant) knowledge is a key aspect. Therefore, to increase the quality in an IT-supported knowledge repository, the identification activity, which starts the capture process, must besuccessfully performed. While critical success factors (CSFs) for knowledge retention andknowledge management are frequently discussed in the literature, there is a knowledge gapconcerning CSFs for this specific knowledge capture activity. From a knowledge retention perspective, this paper proposes a model that characterizes CSFs for the identification activity and highlights the CSFs’ contribution to knowledge retention

AUTOMATED LIPOSOME-BASED FLOW INJECTION IMMUNOASSAY SYSTEM

A liposome-based flow injection immunoassay (FIIA) system for quantitation ofa clinical analyte, theophylline, and also, with very minor changes in the assay format, of an antibody to theophylline, has been developed. Automated sequential analyses were performed at room temperaturewith picomolesensitivity and a day-to-day coefficient of variation of less than 5 %. The system components include liposomesthat contain fluorophoresin their aqueouscentral cavities and an immobilized-antibody reactor column. The immunoreactor was regenerated hundreds of times over three monthsof continuoususe with no measurable loss of antibody activity. The special advantages ofusing flow injection analysis for immunoassays and ofusing liposomesin FIIA, compared to most current immunoassay techniques,are described

Relationship between depression and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a MOTIV-CABG substudy

International audienc