805 research outputs found
Social Media and Youth Participatory Politics: A Study of University Students
The present paper investigated the role of social media in youth participatory politics. A survey of university students was conducted in March, 2013. The findings of the present study indicated that a large number of the respondents participated in political activities through social media. Facebook provided the respondents with common platform to discuss issues confronting Pakistani society. Respondents’ engagement with discussion on national issues was significantly related with their participation in political campaigns and persuasion to vote in upcoming elections 2013. A small proportion of the respondents participated in traditional political activities. This finding underscored the need to enhance youth participation in institutional politics to cultivate civic minds. 
Socio-economic Status and Domestic Violence: A Study on Married Women in Urban Lahore, Pakistan
The present paper examined the association between women’s socio-economic status and their exposure to domestic violence in urban Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected from married women through household survey of various socio-economic neighbourhoods of Lahore in 2012. The findings of the present study showed significant relationship between women’s socio-economic status and their exposure to domestic violence. Women’s age, educational attainment and economic dependence were associated with their exposure to domestic violence. The findings of the present study underscored the importance of women’s educational attainments and increased access to employment opportunities in lessening their vulnerability to domestic violenc
Perceptions about Cultural Globalization in Urban Pakistan
The present paper analyzes the perceptions about cultural globalization in urban Pakistan. A household survey was carried out in different socio-economic strata of Lahore in 2011. Information was attained from the adult members available at the time of interview. The study has explored knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of both genders towards cultural globalization and its influence on the values and culture of Pakistani society. Findings of the present study showed that globalization increased job opportunities and improved the life quality of the people. Information and communication technologies had improved the parent-child relationships and given more social voice and autonomy to the Pakistani Women. However, information and communication technologies led to a decline in Pakistani traditional moral values by spreading obscenity and negativity and made life costly and stressful
FREQUENCY OF NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH RECURRENT EPISTAXIS
Objective: To determine the frequency of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in patients presenting with recurrent epistaxis.
Study design: Cross sectional study.
Duration and setting: This study was carried out from July 2017 to July 2018 at ENT, Head & Neck Surgery department, Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar.
Material and method: A total number of 93 patients were included in this study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were collected from the outdoor patient department (OPD) of ENT, head and neck surgery, Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar. Informed consent for participating in the study was taken from all patients. The patientsâ biodata along with hospital registration number were entered on proforma. The patients were assessed initially by history and nasal endoscopic. CT scan nose and PNS with contrast was done and patient admitted and operated for the suspected nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Biopsy specimen was sent for histopathology to consultant histopathologist in the hospitalâs pathology laboratory. Lab reports of the biopsy specimen showing histopathology of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were reviewed and data entered in the proforma.
Results: Out of 93 patients, 32% patients were in age range 10-15 years, 68% patients were in age range 16-20 years. Mean age was 16 years with SD Âą 1.26. Fifty seven percent patients had duration of symptoms <1 year while 43% patients had duration of symptoms > 1 year. The incidence of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma was 18%. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the incidence of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in our setup is 18% which can be due to the increasing number of Afghan refugees.
Key words: nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, recurrent epistaxis
The Impact of Urbanization and Energy Consumption on CO2 Emissions in South Asia
This paper explores the relationship between urbanization, CO2 emissions and energy consumption in South Asia for the period of 1983 to 2013, using Panel Co-integration and Granger causality approach. A long-run relationship exists between CO2, energy consumption and urbanization. The empirics also indicate that energy consumption and economic growth are playing a significant role in degrading the environment while trade is improving its quality. Bidirectional causality exists between CO2 and energy, and between urbanization and CO2 emissions both in the short run and long run
Paediatric respiratory isolation: A challenge for a secondary care hospital! A service innovation project
Objective: The aim of this project was to broaden the secondary care hospital\u27s scope of services and provide safe, effective and quality care for the patient presenting with measles.Methods: Six Sigma DMAIC [define measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC)] methodology was used in this quality improvement project. The quality project was started in October 2015 using a Gantt chart quality tool.Results: The paediatric team with the support of administration of the hospital has established isolation rooms and devised a policy for the care and management of patient with airborne infection to avoid cross transmission. During six months period after establishment of isolation room there were sixty two suspected or confirmed measles cases who were admitted in our hospital, out of them only 4(6.4%) of patients were referred because of their sick condition and need of ventilator support. Further, the percentage of patient\u27s satisfaction level also improved from 60 to 80%.Conclusions: After this clinical service innovation, there was significant reduction in referrals of measles patients to another hospital and consequently there was an increase in the patient\u27s satisfaction
Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Background
A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets.
Methods
Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendallâs tau for dichotomous variables, or JonckheereâTerpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis.
Results
A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both pâ<â0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROCâ=â0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all pâ<â0.001).
Conclusion
We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty
Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS
has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions
at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection
criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined.
For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a
muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the
whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4,
while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The
efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than
90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall
momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The
transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity
for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be
better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions
of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets
containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass
energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The
measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1.
The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary
decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from
the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is
used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive
b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the
range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet
cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the
range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets
and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are
compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed
between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG +
Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet
cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive
cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse
momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final
version published in European Physical Journal
Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS
has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions
at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection
criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined.
For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a
muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the
whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4,
while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The
efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than
90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall
momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The
transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity
for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be
better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions
of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
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