Scaling of mortality in 742 metropolitan areas of the Americas.

We explored how mortality scales with city population size using vital registration and population data from 742 cities in 10 Latin American countries and the United States. We found that more populated cities had lower mortality (sublinear scaling), driven by a sublinear pattern in U.S. cities, while Latin American cities had similar mortality across city sizes. Sexually transmitted infections and homicides showed higher rates in larger cities (superlinear scaling). Tuberculosis mortality behaved sublinearly in U.S. and Mexican cities and superlinearly in other Latin American cities. Other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional deaths, and deaths due to noncommunicable diseases were generally sublinear in the United States and linear or superlinear in Latin America. Our findings reveal distinct patterns across the Americas, suggesting no universal relation between city size and mortality, pointing to the importance of understanding the processes that explain heterogeneity in scaling behavior or mortality to further advance urban health policies

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Análise multivariada de atributos pedológicos e fitossociológicos aplicada na caracterização de ambientes de cerrado no norte de Minas Gerais Multivariate analysis of pedological and phytosociogical attributes applied to characterization of cerrado environments in north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

O Cerrado é uma das principais regiões de expansão agropecuária do país, entretanto a fragilidade dos seus ecossistemas restringe a capacidade de suporte a muitas das atividades agrícolas e compromete a preservação da sua biodiversidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi definir padrões locais de características edáficas e vegetacionais, em uma sub-bacia em Rio Pardo de Minas (MG), como base para o planejamento local de uso sustentável. Para tal, foram utilizadas técnicas de levantamento fitossociológico e de solos associadas à análise estatística multivariada, dendrograma e análise de componentes principais, de forma a correlacionar distribuição espacial de grupos de espécies e atributos edáficos. Os resultados indicaram a ordenação dos ambientes em dois grupos, em função da natureza dos materiais de origem: arenítico-quartzítico e sedimentos argilo-arenosos e argilosos. A seleção de variáveis pela análise multivariada foi capaz de discriminar os ambientes representados no levantamento fitossociológico. Os padrões identificados pelos agricultores corresponderam, em geral, às variações nos parâmetros florísticos e fitossociológicos e aos atributos edáficos, entre estes a densidade absoluta, a área basal e o índice de diversidade; as frações granulométricas foram determinantes na diferenciação dos ambientes.<br>The Cerrado is one of the main Brazilian expanding regions for agriculture, but the fragility of its ecosystems limits the support capacity for agriculture activities, jeopardizing the preservation of its biodiversity. The objective of this study was to define local patterns of edaphic and vegetation characteristics, of a small watershed in Rio Pardo de Minas municipality (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), as the basis for the sustainable planning for local usage. For such, techniques of phytosociological survey and soils were applied and associated to multivariate statistical procedures, dendrogram and PCA, in order to correlate the spatial distribution of groups of species with soil attributes. The results showed the classification of the environments into two groups, based on the nature of parent materials: arenitic-quartzitic and sandy-clayey and clayey sediments. The selection of variables using the multivariate analysis was able to discriminate the environments represented in the phytosociological plots. The patterns identified by the local farmers corresponded, in general, to the variations in the floristic and phytosociological parameters and edaphic attributes. The absolute density, basal area, Shannon index and the granulometric fractions were the determinant parameters in the differentiation of the environments