Avaliação das propriedades funcionais de bactérias lácticas isoladas de leite cru de ovelha

O leite ovino é uma matéria-prima ainda pouco estudada no Brasil, pois a ovinocultura leiteira é uma atividade recente no país. As bactérias ácido lácticas, (BAL) encontradas em muitos alimentos, são responsáveis pela fermentação e contribuem para as características sensoriais e organolépticas de muitos produtos, além de serem benéficas para o consumidor. Este trabalho buscou isolar BAL de leite ovino e estudar suas principais atividades funcionais para uma possível utilização em alimentos. Foram isoladas 24 culturas que passaram por uma seleção inicial de coloração de Gram e prova da catalase. Os cinco isolados que se mostraram Gram-positivos e catalase negativos foram encaminhados para uma caracterização de gênero através da avaliação de formação de tetrada, produção de CO2 a partir da glicose, crescimento a 10 e 45°C, crescimento em pH 4,4 e 9,6 e crescimento em NaCl 6,5 e 18%. Três culturas foram identificadas como sendo do gênero Enterococcus e duas do gênero Lactobacillus. Essas culturas seguiram para as análises de avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, atividade proteolítica, perfil de acidificação, produção de exopolissacarídeos, produção de diacetil, perfil de resistência aos antibióticos, produção de gelatinase e teste de coexistência. Para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, as culturas foram confrontadas com Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Foi observado que 100% das culturas demonstraram atividade contra pelo menos um desses micro-organismos indicadores. Duas das culturas foram capazes de inibir todas as culturas indicadoras testadas. Os cinco isolados mostraram a mesma capacidade de acidificação do meio para pH 4,5 a partir de seis horas de incubação, assim como todos produziram exopolissacarídeos e proteólise. A produção de diacetil ocorreu em apenas duas culturas. Quanto ao perfil de resistência aos antibióticos, 100% das culturas foram sensíveis à maioria dos antimicrobianos testados, assim como todas foram incapazes de produzir a enzima gelatinase, duas características de importância para a segurança de sua utilização. As bactérias lácticas avaliadas nesse trabalho não inibiram o crescimento umas das outras, podendo ser utilizadas concomitantemente de acordo com as características de interesse. Os resultados gerados demonstram um potencial interessante dessas culturas para serem aplicadas em alimentos, no que diz respeito as suas atividades antimicrobianas e propriedades tecnológicas avaliadas.The sheep milk is not well known raw material in Brazil, because the dairy sheep industry is a recent activity in the country. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) found in many foods are responsible for fermentation and contribute to the sensory and organoleptic characteristics of many products, besides being beneficial to the consumer. This study aimed to isolate milk BAL sheep and study its main functional activities for possible use in food. Twenty-four cultures were isolated and have passed through an initial selection of Gram stain and catalase test. The five isolates that showed Gram positive and catalase negative were directed to a characterization gender by evaluating tetrad formation of CO2 production from glucose, up to 10 to 45 °C, growth pH 4.4 and 9.6 and growth in 6.5 and 18% NaCl. Three cultures were identified as the genus Enterococcus and two of the genus Lactobacillus. These cultures followed for the analyzes to assess the antimicrobial activity, proteolytic activity, acidification profile, exopolysaccharide production, diacetyl production, antibiotic resistance profile, gelatinase production and coexistence test. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the cultures were tested with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. It was observed that 100% of the cultures demonstrated activity against at least one such micro-organisms indicators. Two of the cultures were capable of inhibiting all tested cultures indicator. The five isolates showed the same capacity acidification of the medium to pH 4.5 from six hours of incubation, as well as th exopolysaccharides was produced and proteolysis was observed. The production of diacetyl occurred in only two cultures. As for the resistance profile to antibiotics, 100% of the cultures were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested, and all were unable to produce the enzyme gelatinase, two features of importance to the safety of its use. Lactic acid bacteria assessed in this study did not inhibit the growth of one another, may be used concomitantly according to the characteristics of interest. The generated results show an interesting potential of these cultures to be applied in food, as regards their antimicrobial activities and technological properties

Caracterização tecnológica de bactérias ácido lácticas isoladas de leite de ovelha para uso potencial como culturas não-iniciadoras

Sheep milk has different physicochemical properties, which means that its derived products have a high added value. Some of these properties are conferred by lactic bacteria which play important roles in the raw milk. This study aimed to analyze five lactic bacteria that were previously identified and evaluated for parameters such as their acidification, proteolysis, diacetyl and exopolysaccharides production, potential antimicrobial activity and safety parameters. The 16S rDNA gene identification via sequencing showed an agreement with the data obtained by MALDI-TOF/MS. The bacteria were identified as Lactococcus lactis MRS1, Lactococcus lactis MRS2, Lactococcus lactis MRS5, Lactococcus lactis MRS6, and Enterococcus faecalis M173. All isolates showed the same acidification profile, maintaining a pH of 4.5 from 6 h of incubation, under the conditions employed. Proteolytic activity, coexistence capacity, and production of exopolysaccharides were observed in all the isolates tested. Diacetyl production was only evident in the isolates Lactococcus lactis MRS1 and Lactococcus lactis MRS2. Regarding the presence of antimicrobial activity, Lactococcus lactis MRS6 and Enterococcus faecalis M173 isolates inhibited all tested cultures. In the evaluation of the safety parameters, none of the isolates presented high-level resistance to clinically important antibiotics and did not present gelatinase production and hemolytic activity. These results provide important information on the potential bacteria that could become valuable additives in sheep milk-derived products, in a condition of starters or adjunct cultures.O leite de ovelha possui diferentes propriedades físico-químicas, o que significa que seus derivados têm alto valor agregado. Parte dessas propriedades é conferida por bactérias lácticas que desempenham importantes atividades no leite cru. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar cinco bactérias lácticas previamente identificadas e avaliadas quanto a seus parâmetros de acidificação, proteólise, produção de diacetil e exopolissacarídeos, potencial atividade antimicrobiana e parâmetros de segurança. A identificação do gene 16S rDNA por sequenciamento mostrou concordância com os dados obtidos por MALDI-TOF/MS. As bactérias foram identificadas como Lactococcus lactis MRS1, Lactococcus lactis MRS2, Lactococcus lactis MRS5, Lactococcus lactis MRS6 e Enterococcus faecalis M173. Todos os isolados apresentaram o mesmo perfil de acidificação, mantendo o pH em 4,5 a partir de 6 horas de incubação, nas condições empregadas. Atividade proteolítica, capacidade de coexistência e produção de exopolissacarídeos foram observadas em todos os isolados testados. A produção de diacetil foi evidente nos isolados Lactococcus lactis MRS1 e Lactococcus lactis MRS2. Em relação à presença de atividade antimicrobiana, os isolados de Lactococcus lactis MRS6 e Enterococcus faecalis M173 inibiram todas as culturas testadas. Na avaliação dos parâmetros de segurança, nenhum dos isolados apresentou resistência de alto nível a antibióticos clinicamente importantes e não apresentaram produção de gelatinase e atividade hemolítica. Estes resultados fornecem uma informação importante sobre as potenciais bactérias a serem exploradas para a aplicação em produtos derivados de leite de ovelha, em condições de cultura starter ou adjuntas

Eficácia da simulação no ensino de imunização em enfermagem: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la simulación clínica en el desempeño cognitivo de estudiantes de enfermería en escenarios de inmunización de adultos en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado previo y posterior a la prueba aplicado a grupos de intervención y de control aleatorios. Se seleccionaron 34 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería y se los dividió en dos grupos: exposición dialogada y entrenamiento de habilidades (control) y exposición dialogada, entrenamiento de habilidades y simulación clínica (intervención). Resultados: los estudiantes del grupo de intervención presentaron un mejor desempeño en relación al grupo de control, en las cuatro evaluaciones de desempeño cognitivo, con significación estadística en las evaluaciones de conocimiento inmediato (p = 0,031) y tardío 1 - 20 días (p = 0,031). Conclusión: a partir de la simulación, los estudiantes aprenden más a corto y mediano plazo. La información aprendida se retiene durante más tiempo y los estudiantes están mejor preparados para el desempeño profesional. Universal Trial Number: u1111-1195-2580Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical simulation on the cognitive performance of nursing students in adult immunization scenarios in the context of Primary Health Care. Method: a controlled and randomized pre-test and post-test clinical trial applied to random intervention and control groups. 34 undergraduate nursing students were selected and divided into two groups: classes with active participation of students and skills training (control); and classes with active participation of students, skills training, and clinical simulation (intervention). Results: the students in the intervention group performed better than those in the control group in the four assessments of cognitive performance, with statistical significance in the assessments of immediate (p=0.031) and late (1-20 days) (p=0.031) knowledge. Conclusion: from the simulation, students learn more in the short and medium terms. The information learned is retained for longer and the students are better prepared for the professional practice. Universal Trial Number: u1111-1195-2580Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da simulação clínica no desempenho cognitivo de estudantes de enfermagem em cenários de imunização de adultos no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado do tipo pré-teste e pós-teste aplicado a grupo intervenção e grupo controle aleatórios. Foram selecionados 34 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem, divididos em dois grupos: exposição dialogada e treino de habilidades (controle) e exposição dialogada, treino de habilidades e simulação clínica (intervenção). Resultados: os estudantes do grupo intervenção apresentaram melhores desempenhos, em relação ao grupo controle, nas quatro avaliações de desempenho cognitivo, com significância estatística nas avaliações de conhecimento imediato (p = 0,031) e tardio 1 - 20 dias (p = 0,031). Conclusão: a partir da simulação, os estudantes aprendem mais em curto e médio prazo. As informações aprendidas ficam retidas por mais tempo e os estudantes são mais bem preparados para a atuação profissional. Universal Trial Number: u1111-1195-258

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

OBJECTIVES: To report the baseline results of a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the IMPACT study, a multi-national investigation of targeted prostate cancer (PCa) screening among men with a known pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. PARTICPANTS AND METHODS: Men enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a questionnaire at collaborating sites prior to each annual screening visit. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and the following measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, Cancer Worry Scale-Revised, risk perception and knowledge. The results of the baseline questionnaire are presented. RESULTS: A total of 432 men completed questionnaires: 98 and 160 had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, and 174 were controls (familial mutation negative). Participants' perception of PCa risk was influenced by genetic status. Knowledge levels were high and unrelated to genetic status. Mean scores for the HADS and SF-36 were within reported general population norms and mean IES scores were within normal range. IES mean intrusion and avoidance scores were significantly higher in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers than in controls and were higher in men with increased PCa risk perception. At the multivariate level, risk perception contributed more significantly to variance in IES scores than genetic status. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the psychosocial profile of men with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations undergoing PCa screening. No clinically concerning levels of general or cancer-specific distress or poor quality of life were detected in the cohort as a whole. A small subset of participants reported higher levels of distress, suggesting the need for healthcare professionals offering PCa screening to identify these risk factors and offer additional information and support to men seeking PCa screening

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z ~ 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z ~ 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially-resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median redshift of z = 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between redshifts z = 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGN and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5-meter Sloan Foundation Telescope at Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5-meter du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in July 2016