Automated system for diagnosing craniocerebral injury

A Russian national computing and communication system designed to assist non-specialized physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral injury is described

Hard Probes in Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC: Jet Physics

We discuss the importance of high-pT hadron and jet measurements in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.Comment: The writeup of the working group "Jet Physics" for the CERN Yellow Report on "Hard Probes in Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC", 123 pages. Subgroup convenors: R. Baier, X.N. Wang, U.A. Wiedemann (theory) and I.P. Lokhtin, A. Morsch (experiment). Editor: U.A. Wiedeman

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Stripe Magnetic Domain Structure Drift in Iron Garnet Crystals

The results of experimental and theoretical study of magnetic domain structure drift in low frequency oscillating magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the sample plate are presented. Experimental study was performed on uniaxial iron garnet (TbErGd)₃(FeAl)₅O₁₂ (111) plate with rhombic anisotropy for the case when orientation of domain walls of stripe domains is preserved. Dynamic domain structure was revealed by means of magnetooptic Faraday effect and registered by high speed digital camera at the speed equal to 1200 fps. Theoretical model based on the motion equations for coupled harmonic oscillators that takes into account attenuation and field inhomogeneity along the plate is proposed

ПЕРИОПЕРАЦИОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КИСЛОТНО-ОСНОВНОГО РАВНОВЕСИЯ И ГАЗОВОГО СОСТАВА КРОВИ ПРИ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ ПРИОБРЕТЁННЫХ ПОРОКОВ СЕРДЦА В УСЛОВИЯХ НОРМО- И ГИПОТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО ИСКУССТВЕННОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

The purpose of this study is to assess changes in the rates of acid-base balance in adult cardiac surgery patients with acquired cardiac defects who were operated using hypo- and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Materials and Methods: 140 patients who had surgical treatment of acquired cardiac defects with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two similar groups with the use of hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary(31-32˚С and > 36˚С). The rates of acid-base balance were evaluated during peri-operation and post-surgery stages as well as morbidity and mortality during the hospital stage. Results. The patients who had surgery with the use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, had the level of РаO2 statistically lower one day after surgery compared to the patients who had surgery with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. When analyzing the post surgery period with the use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass the duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation was significantly lower compared to the group who had normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. However it made no impact on duration of stay in the wards for post-surgery follow-up, general duration of hospital stay, frequency of complications and hospital mortality. Conclusion. The results of study demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the rate of acid-base balance in patients who had surgery with normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Moreover the changes in acid-base balance in both groups during surgery and post-surgery periods did not go beyond the normal values which indicates the adequate protection of the host from surgery aggression factors. Цель исследования - оценить динамику показателей кислотно-основного равновесия у взрослых кардио­хирургических пациентов с приобретёнными пороками сердца, оперированных как в условиях гипотермического, так и нормотермического искусственного кровообращения (ИК). Материалы и методы: 140 пациентов, которым проведена коррекция приобретённого порока сердца в условиях ИК, рандомизированы на две равные группы - с применением гипотермического или нормотермического ИК (31-32˚С и > 36˚С). Оценивали показатели кислотно-основного равновесия на периоперационном и ближайшем послеоперационном этапах, клиническое течение послеоперационного периода, заболеваемость и смертность на госпитальном этапе. Результаты. У пациентов, оперированных в условиях гипотермического ИК, уровень РаO2 по истечении первых суток после ИК был статистически ниже по сравнению с пациентами, оперированными в условиях нормотермического ИК. При анализе послеоперационного течения в группе с использованием гипотермического ИК продолжительность искусственной вентиляции лёгких статистически значимо ниже, чем в группе с использованием нормотермического ИК. Однако это не оказывает никакого влияния на продолжительность нахождения в палате послеоперационного наблюдения, общую продолжительность госпитализации, частоту осложнений и внутригоспитальную летальность. Заключение. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали, что статистически значимых различий в показателях кислотно-основного состояния у пациентов, оперированных в условиях нормотермического и гипотермического ИК, не выявлено. Более того, изменения кислотно-основного состояния в обеих группах на этапах операционного и послеоперационного периодов не выходили за рамки нормальных значений, что указывает на адекватную защиту организма от факторов операционной агрессии

Проблема выбора метода реваскуляризации при сочетанном поражении коронарных и сонных артерий. Обзор действующих рекомендаций и серии статей

This article provides data from the current Russian (National guidelines for the management of patients with diseases of the brachiocephalic arteries of 2013; Recommendations “Blockage and stenosis of the carotid artery” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2016) and foreign (European Society of Cardiology / European Society of Vascular Surgeons for Diagnosis and Treatment Peripheral Artery Diseases 2017; Recommendations for myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgeons 2018) recommendations regarding the choice of a revascularization strategy for combined coronary and carotid artery disease. Conclusions are drawn about the unresolved issue. A literature review of the largest series of Russian articles by one institution devoted to this topic was carried out. Hospital and long-term outcomes have been demonstrated, as well as predictors of complications for various revascularization strategies. The stages of creation and the results of approbation of a new computer program for risk stratifi cation, which makes it possible to determine the mathematical probability of the development of unfavorable cardiovascular events during the implementation of various surgical tactics, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. A conclusion was made about the effectiveness of this development.В настоящей статье приведены данные действующих российских (Национальные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с заболеваниями брахиоцефальных артерий 2013 года; Рекомендации «Закупорка и стеноз сонной артерии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2016 года) и зарубежных (Европейского общества кардиологов/Европейского общества сосудистых хирургов по диагностике и лечению заболеваний периферических артерий 2017 года; Рекомендации по реваскуляризации миокарда Европейского общества кардиологов и Европейской ассоциации кардиоторакальных хирургов 2018 года) рекомендаций, посвященные выбору стратегии реваскуляризации при сочетанном поражении коронарных и каротидных артерий. Сделаны выводы о нерешенности данного вопроса. Выполнен обзор литературы самой большой серии российских статей одного учреждения, посвященных этой теме. Продемонстрированы госпитальные и отдаленные результаты, а также предикторы развития осложнений различных стратегий реваскуляризации. Представлены этапы создания и результаты апробации новой компьютерной программы стратификации риска, позволяющей определить математическую вероятность развития неблагоприятных кардиоваскулярных событий при реализации разных хирургических тактик с учетом индивидуальных особенностей пациента. Сделано заключение об эффективности этой разработки

Precise measurement of the W-boson mass with the CDF II detector

We have measured the W-boson mass MW using data corresponding to 2.2/fb of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Samples consisting of 470126 W->enu candidates and 624708 W->munu candidates yield the measurement MW = 80387 +- 12 (stat) +- 15 (syst) = 80387 +- 19 MeV. This is the most precise measurement of the W-boson mass to date and significantly exceeds the precision of all previous measurements combined

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Carotid endarterectomy in Russia. What if current guidelines do not answer difficult questions?

This literature review covers the publications of Russian vascular surgeons in recent years and deals with debatable issues of carotid surgery, including: 1. What is the best technique for carotid endarterectomy (CEA)? 2. Why does restenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) develop and how to eliminate it? 3. How to operate on bilateral ICA stenosis? 4. Should carotid glomus be preserved? 5. Is CEA safe in the acute phase of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)? 6. Is CEA safe in elderly patients? 7. How to operate on patients with combined internal carotid and coronary artery involvement? The evidence presented in this publication makes it possible to draw the following conclusions: 1. When choosing a CEA technique, the classical technique with patch angioplasty should be avoided due to the high risk of ICA restenosis. 2. To eliminate ICA restenosis, carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) should be used. When performing primary CEA with ICA transposition over the hypoglossal nerve, reCEA can be used 3. In the absence of contraindications, bilateral ICA stenosis can be operated at the same time using CEA. 4. CEA with carotid glomus preservation is the operation of choice in the treatment of patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis due to the elimination of the risks of postoperative hypertension and the formation of hemorrhagic transformation. 5. If there are indications for cerebral revascularization in the most acute period of stroke, CEA should be abandoned in favor of CAS. 6. In old age, CAS is the safest treatment strategy. 7. In the presence of a combined ICA and coronary involvement, the choice of treatment tactics should be carried out only by a multidisciplinary commission, taking into account the risk stratification of adverse cardiovascular events