Hacia la definición y el dimensionamiento de un sistema distrital de información en discapacidad. Primera fase sectorial : Secretaría Distrital de Salud

En cumplimiento de lo estipulado constitucional y normativamente en materia de discapacidad, el Distrito Capital genera para el año 2001 el Plan Distrital de Discapacidad 2001- 2005, que propone mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad y sus familias, a través de la búsqueda de autonomía, independencia e inclusión comunitaria, por medio de dos grandes objetivos: 1) la generación y ajuste de políticas públicas y 2) el desarrollo de la prestación de servicios en relación con las necesidades de esta población. Estos dos objetivos dan lugar a siete líneas de intervención: promoción y prevención, atención en salud, re/habilitación, educación, accesibilidad, vida laboral y redes de apoyo.2 En consonancia con el desarrollo de estas líneas de intervención, se planteó la necesidad de contar con el apoyo de la Facultad de Rehabilitación y Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad del Rosario, a fin de contribuir con el desarrollo del programa de prevención y manejo de la discapacidad de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud en los componentes de tecnología, sistema de información, fortalecimiento de la rehabilitación institucional e inclusión social

Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Child growth failure (CGF), manifested as stunting, wasting, and underweight, is associated with high 5 mortality and increased risks of cognitive, physical, and metabolic impairments. Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the highest levels of CGF globally. Here we illustrate national and subnational variation of under-5 CGF indicators across LMICs, providing 2000–2017 annual estimates mapped at a high spatial resolution and aggregated to policy-relevant administrative units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the World Health 10 Organization’s ambitious Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and rates of progress exist across regions, countries, and within countries; our maps identify areas where high prevalence persists even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where subnational disparities exist and the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning locally 15 tailored interventions and efficient directing of resources to accelerate progress in reducing CGF and its health implications

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Forouzanfar MH, Afshin A, Alexander LT, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. LANCET. 2016;388(10053):1659-1724.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57.8% (95% CI 56.6-58.8) of global deaths and 41.2% (39.8-42.8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211.8 million [192.7 million to 231.1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148.6 million [134.2 million to 163.1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143.1 million [125.1 million to 163.5 million]), high BMI (120.1 million [83.8 million to 158.4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113.3 million [103.9 million to 123.4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103.1 million [90.8 million to 115.1 million]), high total cholesterol (88.7 million [74.6 million to 105.7 million]), household air pollution (85.6 million [66.7 million to 106.1 million]), alcohol use (85.0 million [77.2 million to 93.0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83.0 million [49.3 million to 127.5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Recommendations for the management of urgent surgical patientsduring the COVID-19 pandemic

Para emitir las recomendaciones específicas frente a la población de pacientes con cáncer, se tomaron en cuenta diversas observaciones en pacientes con patologías oncológicas en momentos de COVID-19, que muestran riesgo mayor de complicaciones en esta población, así como las recomendaciones publicadas por las siguientes instituciones y asociaciones: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), American College of Surgeons (ACS), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO), Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) y Asociación Española de Cirujanos (AEC)

Hacia la definición y el dimensionamiento de un sistema distrital de información en discapacidad. Primera fase sectorial : Secretaría Distrital de Salud

En cumplimiento de lo estipulado constitucional y normativamente en materia\ud de discapacidad, el Distrito Capital genera para el año 2001 el Plan Distrital de\ud Discapacidad 2001- 2005, que propone mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas\ud con discapacidad y sus familias, a través de la búsqueda de autonomía,\ud independencia e inclusión comunitaria, por medio de dos grandes objetivos: 1)\ud la generación y ajuste de políticas públicas y 2) el desarrollo de la prestación de\ud servicios en relación con las necesidades de esta población. Estos dos objetivos\ud dan lugar a siete líneas de intervención: promoción y prevención, atención en salud,\ud re/habilitación, educación, accesibilidad, vida laboral y redes de apoyo.2\ud En consonancia con el desarrollo de estas líneas de intervención, se planteó\ud la necesidad de contar con el apoyo de la Facultad de Rehabilitación y Desarrollo\ud Humano de la Universidad del Rosario, a fin de contribuir con el desarrollo del\ud programa de prevención y manejo de la discapacidad de la Secretaría Distrital\ud de Salud en los componentes de tecnología, sistema de información, fortalecimiento\ud de la rehabilitación institucional e inclusión social