313 research outputs found
From Forbidden Coronal Lines to Meaningful Coronal Magnetic Fields
We review methods to measure magnetic fields within the corona using the
polarized light in magnetic-dipole (M1) lines. We are particularly interested
in both the global magnetic-field evolution over a solar cycle, and the local
storage of magnetic free energy within coronal plasmas. We address commonly
held skepticisms concerning angular ambiguities and line-of-sight confusion. We
argue that ambiguities are in principle no worse than more familiar remotely
sensed photospheric vector-fields, and that the diagnosis of M1 line data would
benefit from simultaneous observations of EUV lines. Based on calculations and
data from eclipses, we discuss the most promising lines and different
approaches that might be used. We point to the S-like [Fe {\sc XI}] line (J=2
to J=1) at 789.2nm as a prime target line (for ATST for example) to augment the
hotter 1074.7 and 1079.8 nm Si-like lines of [Fe {\sc XIII}] currently observed
by the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP). Significant breakthroughs will
be made possible with the new generation of coronagraphs, in three distinct
ways: (i) through single point inversions (which encompasses also the analysis
of MHD wave modes), (ii) using direct comparisons of synthetic MHD or
force-free models with polarization data, and (iii) using tomographic
techniques.Comment: Accepted by Solar Physics, April 201
Species-specific responses of planktivorous fish to the introduction of a new piscivore: implications for prey fitness
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75539/1/j.1365-2427.2007.01810.x.pd
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in autism spectrum disorder: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial
Introduction There are no well-established biomedical treatments for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A small number of studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, may improve clinical and cognitive outcomes in ASD. We describe here the protocol for a funded multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial to investigate whether a course of rTMS to the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which has demonstrated abnormal brain activation in ASD, can improve social communication in adolescents and young adults with ASD.
Methods and analysis This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 4-week course of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS, a variant of rTMS) in ASD. Participants meeting criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ASD (n=150, aged 14â40 years) will receive 20 sessions of either active iTBS (600 pulses) or sham iTBS (in which a sham coil mimics the sensation of iTBS, but no active stimulation is delivered) to the rTPJ. Participants will undergo a range of clinical, cognitive, epi/genetic, and neurophysiological assessments before and at multiple time points up to 6âmonths after iTBS. Safety will be assessed via a structured questionnaire and adverse event reporting. The study will be conducted from November 2020 to October 2024.
Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Monash Health (Melbourne, Australia) under Australiaâs National Mutual Acceptance scheme. The trial will be conducted according to Good Clinical Practice, and findings will be written up for scholarly publication.
Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000890932)
Greater physical activity is associated with neuroretinal thinning in glaucomatous and normative cohorts
Ella Claire Berry, Henry Marshall, Sean Mullany, Santiago Diaz Torres, Joshua Schmidt, Daniel Thomson, Mark Hassall, Stewart R Lake, Richard A Mills, John Landers, Stuart MacGregor, Robert Casson, Owen Siggs, Jamie E Crai
Schuldig landschap. Over de toeristische aantrekkingskracht van Baantjer, Wallander en Inspector Morse
De opnamelokaties van tv-detectives genieten een toenemende populariteit onder toeristen. In dit artikel wordt, op basis van een tekstuele analyse van âBaantjerâ, âInspector Morseâ en âWallanderâ, onderzocht welke inhoudelijke kenmerken van deze tv-detectives mogelijk als âtriggerâ fungeren. Uit de analyse blijkt dat plaats en beweging een centrale rol vervullen binnen de narratieve structuur van dit genre. Door zelf de lokaties te bezoeken, kunnen toeristen het spoor nalopen van hun geliefde detective om aldaar, vanuit een veilige positie, tijdelijk op te gaan in het schemergebied tussen fictie en werkelijkheid
Ocean turbulence, III : new GISS vertical mixing scheme
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ocean Modelling 34 (2010): 70-91, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.04.006.We have found a new way to express the solutions of the RSM (Reynolds Stress
Model) equations that allows us to present the turbulent diffusivities for heat, salt and
momentum in a way that is considerably simpler and thus easier to implement than in
previous work. The RSM provides the dimensionless mixing efficiencies Îα (α stands for
heat, salt and momentum). However, to compute the diffusivities, one needs additional
information, specifically, the dissipation Δ. Since a dynamic equation for the latter that
includes the physical processes relevant to the ocean is still not available, one must resort
to different sources of information outside the RSM to obtain a complete Mixing Scheme
usable in OGCMs.
As for the RSM results, we show that the Îαâs are functions of both Ri and RÏ
(Richardson number and density ratio representing double diffusion, DD); the Îα are
different for heat, salt and momentum; in the case of heat, the traditional value Îh = 0.2
is valid only in the presence of strong shear (when DD is inoperative) while when shear
subsides, NATRE data show that Îh can be three times as large, a result that we
reproduce. The salt Îs is given in terms of Îh. The momentum Îm has thus far been
guessed with different prescriptions while the RSM provides a well defined expression
for Îm (Ri, RÏ). Having tested Îh, we then test the momentum Îm by showing that the
turbulent Prandtl number Îm/Îh vs. Ri reproduces the available data quite well.
As for the dissipation Δ, we use different representations, one for the mixed layer
(ML), one for the thermocline and one for the oceanâs bottom. For the ML, we adopt a
procedure analogous to the one successfully used in PB (planetary boundary layer)
studies; for the thermocline, we employ an expression for the variable ΔN-2 from studies
of the internal gravity waves spectra which includes a latitude dependence; for the ocean
bottom, we adopt the enhanced bottom diffusivity expression used by previous authors
but with a state of the art internal tidal energy formulation and replace the fixed Îα = 0.2
with the RSM result that brings into the problem the Ri,RÏ dependence of the Îα; the
unresolved bottom drag, which has thus far been either ignored or modeled with heuristic
relations, is modeled using a formalism we previously developed and tested in PBL
studies.
We carried out several tests without an OGCM. Prandtl and flux Richardson
numbers vs. Ri. The RSM model reproduces both types of data satisfactorily. DD and
Mixing efficiency Îh (Ri, RÏ). The RSM model reproduces well the NATRE data.
Bimodal Δ-distribution. NATRE data show that Δ (Ri1), which our model
reproduces. Heat to salt flux ratio. In the Ri>>1 regime, the RSM predictions reproduce
the data satisfactorily. NATRE mass diffusivity. The z-profile of the mass diffusivity
reproduces well the measurements at NATRE. The local form of the mixing scheme is
algebraic with one cubic equation to solve
Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with kno
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