El uso de la tecnología de la información y la comunicación entre adolescentes

The information and communication technology use among adolescents. In this century, the use of technology in Spain has increased dramatically and the  Internet  has become an important social context for the development of adolescents. The aim of this research is to analyze Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is used by a sample of 175 Canary Island adolescents (12 and 16 year-olds). Besides, it explores the prevalence  of Problematic Technology Use (PTU), the Internet, video-games and mobile phone, and their relationship with psychological well-being. The results show the Internet and mobile phone use increase with age. There is no gender difference regarding time but there are differences in the kind of use and contents. The implications of results for educational family practice are also discussed.En este siglo, el uso de la tecnología se ha incrementado dramáticamente en España e Internet se ha convertido en un contexto social importante para el desarrollo de los adolescentes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en una muestra de 175 adolescentes canarios (12 y 16 años). Asimismo, se explora la prevalencia del uso problemático de la tecnología (PTU), Internet, videojuegos y teléfonos móviles, y su relación con el bienestar psicológico. Los resultados muestran que el uso de Internet y del teléfono móvil aumenta con la edad. Aunque no se observan diferencias de género en el tiempo de uso, sí se observan diferencias en el tipo de uso y de contenido. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la práctica educativa familiar

La experiencia de ver televisión: respuesta emocional a secuencias audiovisuales de miedo

Los medios audiovisuales tienen la capacidad de hacer experimentar emociones y propiciar modelos de relación afectivos. En este sentido, se analiza la respuesta emocional ante secuencias audiovisuales de miedo, desde un punto de vista evolutivo, con el fin de concretar las variables del contenido y las variables del sujeto que intesifican o disminuyen la respuesta de miedo en cada grupo de edad. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los niños de 5 y 8 años sienten más miedo ante escenas donde prima lo visual o perceptivo, independientemente de la posibilidad de los hechos presentados, mientras que la respuesta de los adolescentes es más intensa ante secuencias realistas, con las que son capaces de identificarse en mayor grado. Las diferencias entre los géneros aparecen fundamentalmente en el grupo de adolescentes, mostrando las mujeres mayor vulnerabilidad al miedo y mayor implicación, suponiendo esto una respuesta emocional más intensa. Una de las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado en este trabajo es la necesidad de contar con una adecuada alfabetización audiovisual sobre todo en los primeros niveles educativos, favoreciendo el conocimiento del medio y el control del mismo, para minimizar los efectos no deseados

Reacciones emocionales en el cine : el caso de la muerte

La emoción es uno de los recursos más utilizados en el medio audiovisual para captar y mantener la atención del espectador, aunque no siempre con el mismo nivel de éxito. En este artículo se analizarán algunos de los factores que determinan el impacto emocional en el espectador; entre ellos destaca el lugar que ocupa el personaje en el relato o la noticia en el informativo, el contexto, tanto físico como simbólico, que rodea a la experiencia de «ver» y las propias características del lenguaje audiovisual._____________________________Emotion is one of the most used resources for getting and maintening the viewer´s attention in audiovisual context, although with no similar level of success. In this paper, some of the factors that determine the viewer´s emotional impact will be analyzed among them it highlights the role of the character in the story or the news in the informative programmes; and the context -physical and symbolic- which surrounds the visual experience of seeing and also the own properties of the audio visual language

Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo con tics motores y verbales, trastorno de acumulación y síndrome del acento extranjero sin afasia: comunicación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica

Informamos sobre un caso de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), con tics motores y verbales, conducta acumuladora y síndrome del acento extranjero (dialecto regional) sin afasia, en un nativo español diestro que presentó una hemorragia en ganglios basales izquierdos. Su TOC y conducta acumuladora, que precedieron a la hemorragia cerebral, se diagnosticaron a raíz de un ingreso hospitalario, ya que previamente no había estado en contacto con ningún servicio psiquiátrico. Una lesión limitada al núcleo estriado izquierdo le provocó una variante regional del síndrome del acento extranjero (SAE). El paciente respondió adecuadamente al tratamiento. En nuestro conocimiento, éste es el primer caso de SAE en un hispanoparlante y también en un individuo que presentaba previamente TOC, tics y conducta acumuladora. Revisamos la literatura científica de estos trastorno

Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta- Immunochip strategy

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are major forms of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) that share clinical features. To evaluate their genetic similarities, we analysed Immunochip genotyping data from 1,434 LVV patients and 3,814 unaffected controls. Genetic pleiotropy was also estimated. The HLA region harboured the main disease-specific associations. GCA was mostly associated with class II genes (HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) whereas TAK was mostly associated with class I genes (HLA-B/MICA). Both the statistical significance and effect size of the HLA signals were considerably reduced in the cross-disease meta-analysis in comparison with the analysis of GCA and TAK separately. Consequently, no significant genetic correlation between these two diseases was observed when HLA variants were tested. Outside the HLA region, only one polymorphism located nearby the IL12B gene surpassed the study-wide significance threshold in the meta-analysis of the discovery datasets (rs755374, P?=?7.54E-07; ORGCA?=?1.19, ORTAK?=?1.50). This marker was confirmed as novel GCA risk factor using four additional cohorts (PGCA?=?5.52E-04, ORGCA?=?1.16). Taken together, our results provide evidence of strong genetic differences between GCA and TAK in the HLA. Outside this region, common susceptibility factors were suggested, especially within the IL12B locus

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700