Adaptive and Warning Displays with Brain-Computer Interfaces : Enhanced Visuospatial Attention Performance

Some parts of this work have been covered by a patent, application (n° 13 60563) at Institut National de la Propriété Intellectuelle (INPI)International audienceBrain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) can provide innovative solutions beyond the medical domain. In human research, visuospatial attention is often assessed from shifts in head or gaze orientation. However in some critical situations, these behavioral features can be dissociated from covert attention processes and brain features may indicate more reliably the spatial focus of attention. In this context, we investigate whether EEG signals could be used to enhance the behavioral performance of human subjects in a visuospatial attention task. Our results demonstrate that a BCI protocol based on adaptive or warning displays can be developed to shorten the reaction time and improve the accuracy of responses to complex visual targets

Physics of the frequency response of rectifying organic Schottky diodes

International audienceThe frequency response of unipolar organic Schottky diodes used in a rectifying circuit, such as an RFID tag, has been investigated in detail. The time dependent response of rectifying circuits has been simulated solving both the Drift Diffusion and Poisson equations to model the hole transport within the diode, coupled with time dependent circuit equations. Several approximations have also been discussed. It turns out that the cut off frequency of the rectifying circuit is indeed limited by the carrier time-of-flight and not by the diode equivalent capacitance. Simulations have also been confirmed by comparison with experiments, involving diodes with different mobilities and thicknesses. This work confirms that the 13.56MHz frequency can be reached using polymer semiconductors, as already experimentally demonstrated in the literature, by an adequate control of the active layer thicknes

Approche multiphysique pour la simulation du bruit rayonné par un transformateur : prise en compte des effets magnétostrictifs

Ce papier présente une approche multiphysique pour estimer le bruit rayonné par un transformateur en réponse aux excitations électromagnétiques. La méthode compte 3 étapes : il s'agit tout d'abord de calculer l'induction dans le circuit magnétique. Les effets magnétostrictifs sont alors pris en compte grâce à une analogie thermique et les réponses dynamiques de la structure peuvent être calculées. Le rayonnement acoustique est ensuite estimé par éléments finis acoustiques ou par une méthode analytique. Une démarche expérimentale, analyses modales et réponses en fonctionnement, permet de valider la méthode de simulation

Basement – Cover decoupling and progressive exhumation of metamorphic sediments at hot rifted margin. Insights from the Northeastern Pyrenean analog

International audienceWe compile field data collected along the eastern part of the North Pyrenean Zone (NPZ) to point to a tectonic evolution under peculiar thermal conditions applying to the basin sediments in relation with the opening of the Cretaceous Pyrenean rift. Based on this compilation, we show that when thinning of the continental crust increased , isotherms moved closer to the surface with the result that the brittle-ductile transition propagated upward and reached sediments deposited at the early stage of the basin opening. During the continental breakup, the pre-rift Mesozoic cover was efficiently decoupled from the Paleozoic basement along the Triassic evaporite level and underwent drastic ductile thinning and boudinage. We suggest that the upper Albian and upper Creta-ceous flysches acted as a blanket allowing temperature increase in the mobile pre-rift cover. Finally, we show that continuous spreading of the basin floor triggered the exhumation of the metamorphic, ductily sheared pre-rift cover, thus contributing to the progressive thinning of the sedimentary pile. In a second step, we investigate the detailed geological records of such a hot regime evolution along a reference-section of the eastern NPZ. We propose a balanced restoration from the Mouthoumet basement massif (north) to the Boucheville Albian basin (south). This section shows a north to south increase in the HT Pyrenean imprint from almost no metamorphic recrystallization to more than 600 °C in the pre-and syn-rift sediments. From this reconstruction, we propose a scenario of tectonic thinning involving the exhumation of the pre-rift cover by the activation of various detachment surfaces at different levels in the sedimentary pile. In a third step, examination of the architecture of current distal passive margin domains provides confident comparison between the Pyrenean case and modern analogs. Finally, we propose a general evolutionary model for the pre-rift sequence of the Northeastern Pyrenean rifted margin

A human leukocyte antigen imputation study uncovers possible genetic interplay between gut inflammatory processes and autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that are for subsets of individuals, underpinned by dysregulated immune processes, including inflammation, autoimmunity, and dysbiosis. Consequently, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-hosted human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been implicated in ASD risk, although seldom investigated. By utilizing a GWAS performed by the EU-AIMS consortium (LEAP cohort), we compared HLA and MHC genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and haplotypes in ASD individuals, versus typically developing controls. We uncovered six SNPs, namely rs9268528, rs9268542, rs9268556, rs14004, rs9268557, and rs8084 that crossed the Bonferroni threshold, which form the underpinnings of 3 independent genetic pathways/blocks that differentially associate with ASD. Block 1 (rs9268528-G, rs9268542-G, rs9268556-C, and rs14004-A) afforded protection against ASD development, whilst the two remaining blocks, namely rs9268557-T, and rs8084-A, associated with heightened risk. rs8084 and rs14004 mapped to the HLA-DRA gene, whilst the four other SNPs located in the BTNL2 locus. Different combinations amongst BTNL2 SNPs and HLA amino acid variants or classical alleles were found either to afford protection from or contribute to ASD risk, indicating a genetic interplay between BTNL2 and HLA. Interestingly, the detected variants had transcriptional and/or quantitative traits loci implications. As BTNL2 modulates gastrointestinal homeostasis and the identified HLA alleles regulate the gastrointestinal tract in celiac disease, it is proposed that the data on ASD risk may be linked to genetically regulated gut inflammatory processes. These findings might have implications for the prevention and treatment of ASD, via the targeting of gut-related processes

DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.39–3.02, p < 0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18–0.99, p = 0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).Peer reviewe

Sur l’estimation de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres de corrosion et sa nécessité pour les plans de maintenance des ouvrages maritimes en béton armé

Spatial variability assessment of concrete structures degradation parameters if of great interest for their main- tenance planning definition. In the case of maritime structures, exposed to pitting corrosion, issues about the limited number and the non-stationarity of available data is however frequently eluded. There is moreover no indication on the spatial variability targeted precision level compared to uncertainties of degradation parame- ters. Two modeling strategies then coexist: use of models coming from systematic inspections for high precision level, very costly; use of models coming from existing databases for low precision level, inexpensive. To answer these issues, a robust geostatistical parameters assessment procedure for non-stationary trajectories is firstly de- veloped, checked and then applied to real datasets of DéCoF-Ré and APOS projects. Sensitivity of SLS and ULS failure probabilities is then performed on a case study with current degradation parameters uncertainties levels. A semi-empirical pitting corrosion model built after literature review is used. Results show that weak precision level on spatial variability is sufficient to robustly assess SLS failure probability whereas the older the structure, the greater this precision level should be for ULS failure probability assessment. Correlation coefficient between chloride diffusivity and surface concentration is moreover always sensitive.L’estimation de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres de dégradation des ouvrages en béton armé présente un intérêt majeur dans la mise en œuvre de leurs plans de maintenance. Pour les ouvrages maritimes, soumis à la corrosion par piqûre, la question du nombre restreint des données et de leur non-stationnarité due aux conditions d’exposition variables est cependant éludée. De plus, il n’existe pas d’indications sur le niveau de précision recherché sur la caractérisation de la variabilité spatiale au regard des incertitudes sur les paramètres de dégradation. Deux stratégies de modélisation cohabitent alors : emploi de modèles issus d’inspections systématiques pour un niveau de précision élevé, très coûteuse ; emploi de modèles issus de bases de données préexistantes pour un faible niveau de précision, peu coûteuse. En réponse à ces problématiques, une méthodologie d’estimation robuste des paramètres géostatistiques de trajectoires non stationnaires est premièrement développée, validée, puis appliquée aux bases de données réelles des projets DéCoF-Ré et APOS. Une analyse de sensibilité des probabilités de défaillance aux ELS et ELU est ensuite menée sur un cas d’étude traduisant les niveaux d’incertitude actuels sur les paramètres de dégradation. Un modèle semi-empirique de corrosion par piqûre construit à partir d’une revue d’état de l’art est employé. Les résultats montrent qu’à l’ELS, un faible niveau de précision sur la variabilité spatiale suffit à l’évaluation robuste de la probabilité de défaillance. À l’ELU, les résultats soulignent au contraire l’importance accrue de la caractérisation de la variabilité spatiale au fur et à mesure de la durée de vie de l’ouvrage. Le coefficient de corrélation entre diffusivité et concentration de surface moyenne des chlorures totaux est quant à lui toujours identifié comme fortement sensible