Preopositions, preverbs and postverbs in english and in french. The case of away, off and out. Syntactic and semantic approach.

Dressant le constat que le traitement classique des différentes valeurs des particules et verbes à particule en termes de métaphore spatio-temporelle et de degré d'idiomaticité ne fait qu'entretenir l'impression que le "sens" de ces verbes composés est une donnée fondamentalement imprévisible et aléatoire, ce travail s'efforce de montrer qu'il est, au contraire, possible de rendre compte de la complexité des phénomènes mis en jeu par ceux-ci tout en en soulignant les régularités. A travers l'exemple du triplet de marqueurs away, off, et out, démonstration est faite qu'à l'issue d'un examen systématique des valeurs d'une particule donnée, et en recourant aux outils développés dans le cadre de la Théorie des Opérations Enonciatives, une forme schématique stable, définie à partir d'opérations de repérage abstrait, peut être dégagée, qui permet de placer tous ses emplois sur un même plan, comme produits de la variation en co-texte de ladite forme schématique. On est alors en mesure de s'intéresser à certains des ressorts de l'interaction entre verbe et particule à la faveur d'une étude de cas.When traditional analyses of particles and phrasal verbs in terms of space and time metaphor and degree of idiomaticity only reinforce the impression that their meanings are of a fundamentally random and unpredictable nature, this work tries to prove that it is in fact possible to account for the complexity and diversity of phenomena involved by phrasal verbs while emphasizing how constant and consistent their behaviour is. Via the example of the three markers away, off and out, it is shown that, following a thorough examination of the values of a given particle, and using the conceptual tools developed within the framework provided by the Theory of Enunciative Operations, a stable schematic form can be isolated, which is defined from operations of abstract location. Thanks to it, all of that particle's uses are put on the same level, as resulting from the variation of its schematic form when it enters into relation with the co-text. The focus can then shift to the understanding of some of the principles that govern the interaction between verb and particle through a sample case study

Open source computer vision-based layer-wise 3D printing analysis

The paper describes an open source computer vision-based hardware structure and software algorithm, which analyzes layer-wise 3-D printing processes, tracks printing errors, and generates appropriate printer actions to improve reliability. This approach is built upon multiple-stage monocular image examination, which allows monitoring both the external shape of the printed object and internal structure of its layers. Starting with the side-view height validation, the developed program analyzes the virtual top view for outer shell contour correspondence using the multi-template matching and iterative closest point algorithms, as well as inner layer texture quality clustering the spatial-frequency filter responses with Gaussian mixture models and segmenting structural anomalies with the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. This allows evaluation of both global and local parameters of the printing modes. The experimentally verified analysis time per layer is less than one minute, which can be considered a quasi-real-time process for large prints. The systems can work as an intelligent printing suspension tool designed to save time and material. However, the results show the algorithm provides a means to systematize in situ printing data as a first step in a fully open source failure correction algorithm for additive manufacturing