Children's sympathy, guilt, and moral reasoning in helping, cooperation, and sharing: a 6-year longitudinal study

This study examined the role of sympathy, guilt, and moral reasoning in helping, cooperation, and sharing in a 6-year, three-wave longitudinal study involving 175 children (Mage 6.10, 9.18, and 12.18 years). Primary caregivers reported on children's helping and cooperation; sharing was assessed behaviorally. Child sympathy was assessed by self- and teacher reports, and self-attributed feelings of guilt–sadness and moral reasoning were assessed by children's responses to transgression vignettes. Sympathy predicted helping, cooperation, and sharing. Guilt–sadness and moral reasoning interacted with sympathy in predicting helping and cooperation; both sympathy and guilt–sadness were associated with the development of sharing. The findings are discussed in relation to the emergence of differential motivational pathways to helping, cooperation, and sharing

Nueva economía 20+20

276 p : il.El fuerte avance de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) ha provocado profundos cambios económicos, sociales y culturales en las últimas décadas (Cohen, De Long y Zysman, 2000). La gran velocidad con la que se ha producido este cambio ha quedado reflejada en cifras, como el avance de Internet que, desde 1969, fecha de su nacimiento, hasta la actualidad, se ha extendido a más del 25% de la población mundial, con más de 1.700 millones de usuarios en todo el mundo, siendo especialmente significativos los casos de Europa y Estados Unidos, con penetraciones del 52% y 74,2%, respectivamente (Internet World Stats, 2009). Es igualmente significativo el fuerte crecimiento experimentado por los ordenadores personales que, desde 1977, año en el que vio la luz el primero de ellos, se estima que alcanzaron los 1.000 millones en el 2008, y se hacen predicciones de que se doblará dicha cifra en torno al año 2014 (Gartner, 2008). El trabajo, el ocio, el transporte o, incluso, las relaciones personales se encuentran en un proceso de cambio permanente debido a la profunda influencia que estas tecnologías han tenido sobre la sociedad. Tanto es así que en la nueva realidad, a la que el conocimiento y la tecnología trasladan al ser humano, existen nuevas concepciones del tiempo o del espacio (Castells, 2005). Desde el punto de vista económico, se han producido cambios en la estructura mundial que han desembocado en una nueva economía. Por una parte, las nuevas tecnologías han transformado la economía tradicional, dando lugar a una compleja estructura interconectada de forma global, en la que el desarrollo de las comunicaciones ha jugado un papel fundamental. Adicionalmente, la incorporación de la tecnología en el proceso productivo ha transformado elementos tales como la localización, el tamaño, las estructuras o las relaciones entre las empresas (Brynjolfsson y Kahln, 2000). Por otra parte, las nuevas tecnologías dan lugar a un nuevo mercado de enormes dimensiones, formado por todos aquellos bienes y servicios que dependen de forma crítica de las tecnologías digitales o lo son en sí mismas, lo cual constituye la base de la economía digital (Kling y Lamb, 1999). Con todo ello, el presente informe se encarga, en primer lugar, de identificar en qué consiste la economía digital y cuáles son sus principales componentes. En el siguiente apartado se intenta medir la importancia de este sector, a través de los datos más significativos, que reflejan el crecimiento que dicho sector de la economía ha sufrido en los últimos años, y la importancia relativa del mismo respecto al resto de los sectores. A continuación se presenta una caracterización de los perfiles de empresa que constituyen la economía digital y se busca plantear, después, un modelo de variables significativas que nos permita medir de forma adecuada el sector.Esta publicación ha contado con la cofinancia- ción del Fondo Social Europeo a través del Pro- grama Operativo Plurirregional de Adaptabili- dad y Empleo 2007-2013.ÍNDICE Capítulo 0 EL PROYECTO SECTORES DE LA NUEVA ECONOMÍA 20+20 Capítulo 1 LA ECONOMÍA DIGITAL 1 Introducción 2 ¿Qué es la economía digital? 3 Importancia de la economía digital 4 Las empresas de la economía digital 5 ¿Cómo analizar la economía digital? 6 Conclusiones Capítulo 2 EXPERIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES 11870.COM AGNITIO ASPgems BARRABESBIZ BITDEFENDER BUONGIORNO BUYVIP COMEX GRUPO IBÉRICA DAEDALUS DEIMOS SPACE EPTISA TI ÍNCIPY ISDE ING KERAJET LA CIGÜEÑA DEL BEBÉ MICROGÉNESIS QAPACITY ÍNDICE TERRITORIO CREATIVO TOPRURAL TYVEN Capítulo 3 CONCLUSIONES Capítulo 4 BIBLIOGRAFÍ

A receptor-like protein mediates plant immune responses to herbivore-associated molecular patterns

[ENG] Herbivory is fundamental to the regulation of both global food webs and the extent of agricultural crop losses. Induced plant responses to herbivores promote resistance and often involve the perception of specific herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs); however, precisely defined receptors and elicitors associated with herbivore recognition remain elusive. Here, we show that a receptor confers signaling and defense outputs in response to a defined HAMP common in caterpillar oral secretions (OS). Staple food crops, including cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), specifically respond to OS via recognition of proteolytic fragments of chloroplastic ATP synthase, termed inceptins. Using forward-genetic mapping of inceptin-induced plant responses, we identified a corresponding leucine-rich repeat receptor, termed INR, specific to select legume species and sufficient to confer inceptin-induced responses and enhanced defense against armyworms (Spodoptera exigua) in tobacco. Our results support the role of plant immune receptors in the perception of chewing herbivores and defenseSIGenotyping of cowpea accessions was supported by the Feed the Future Innovation Laboratory for Climate Resilient Cowpea (US Agency for International Development Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-A-13-00070). OS analyses were supported by European Research Council Advanced Grant 788949. Research in the C.Z. laboratory was supported by The Gatsby Charitable Foundation and the Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (BB/P012574/1

Clones Identification and Genetic Characterization of Garnacha Grapevine by Means of Different PCR-Derived Marker Systems

This study uses PCR-derived marker systems to investigate the extent and distribution of genetic variability of 53 Garnacha accessions coming from Italy, France and Spain. The samples studied include 28 Italian accessions (named Tocai rosso in Vicenza area; Alicante in Sicily and Elba island; Gamay perugino in Perugia province; Cannonau in Sardinia), 19 Spanish accessions of different types (named Garnacha tinta, Garnacha blanca, Garnacha peluda, Garnacha roja, Garnacha erguida, Garnacha roya) and 6 French accessions (named Grenache and Grenache noir). In order to verify the varietal identity of the samples, analyses based on 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were performed. The presence of an additional allele at ISV3 locus (151 bp) was found in four Tocai rosso accessions and in a Sardinian Cannonau clone, that are, incidentally, chimeras. In addition to microsatellite analysis, intravarietal variability study was performed using AFLP, SAMPL and M-AFLP molecular markers. AFLPs could discriminate among several Garnacha samples; SAMPLs allowed distinguishing few genotypes on the basis of their geographic origin, whereas M-AFLPs revealed plant-specific markers, differentiating all accessions. Italian samples showed the greatest variability among themselves, especially on the basis of their different provenance, while Spanish samples were the most similar, in spite of their morphological diversity

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Search for the production of dark matter in association with top-quark pairs in the single-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for vector-like T quarks decaying to top quarks and Higgs bosons in the all-hadronic channel using jet substructure

Peer reviewe

Angular analysis of the decay B-0 -> K*(0)mu(+)mu(-) from pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe